• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권6B호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 차세대 광전송망의 전송노드와 DOTS에 대해 실제 측정한 클럭잡음 데이터를 기반으로 광전송망 내에서 동기클럭이 정상상태에 있을 때 성능을 분석하고, 이 때 구성가능한 최대 망노드 수준을 제시하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.931-941
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• 2014

Many methodologies for clock mesh networks have been introduced for two-dimensional integrated circuit clock distribution networks, such as methods to reduce the total wirelength for power consumption and to reduce the clock skew variation through consideration of buffer placement and sizing. In this paper, we present a methodology for clock mesh to reduce both the clock skew and the total wirelength in three-dimensional integrated circuits. To reduce the total wirelength, we construct a smaller mesh size on a die where the clock source is not directly connected. We also insert through-silicon vias (TSVs) to distribute the clock signal using an effective clock TSV insertion algorithm, which can reduce the total wirelength on each die. The results of our proposed methods show that the total wirelength was reduced by 12.2%, the clock skew by 16.11%, and the clock skew variation by 11.74%, on average. These advantages are possible through increasing the buffer area by 2.49% on the benchmark circuits.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2009년도 정보통신설비 학술대회
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• pp.78-80
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• 2009

In this paper, we have described the advantages of fixed mobile convergence access network based on FTTH. Also, we have investigated the possibility of mobile backhaul based on FTTH network combined TOM over IP emulation and adaptive clock recovery technologies, and verified successful transport of both E1 TDM traffic and Clock through the packet based PON network. within the allowable tolerance.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

클락 그리드 네트워크(Clock Grid Network)는 대부분의 고속 마이크로 프로세서에서 클락 스큐를 줄이기 위한 일반적인 방법이다. 본 논문은 클락 그리드의 모델링과 분석을 위해서 S-파라미터(Scattering Parameter)를 사용한 새로운 효과적인 방법을 제안한다. 또한, 그리드 사이즈와 와이어(wire) 폭이 그리드의 클락 스큐에 미치는 영향을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 클락 그리드의 상호 연결은 RC 수동소자에 의해서 모델화 되고, 제안된 방법의 결과는 Hspice의 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교해서 10 % 내의 오차를 보여준다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권12B호
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• pp.1037-1041
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• 2004

본 논문에서 위성신호를 매개로 원격지의 로컬클럭이 기준신호에 동기되는 새로운 개념의 슬레이브를럭 시스템을 제안하였으며 이 방식에 의한 실용화 가능성을 확인하였다. 새로이 제시하는 방식은 단계적인 물리계층에 의해 동기되던 기존의 방식에 비해 모든 슬레이브 국소들이 동일한 계위의 품질로 유지될 수 있는 등의 여러 가지 구조적인 장점을 지니고 있다. 슬레이브클럭 시스템의 측정결과 10-12 수준의 주파수정확도를 유지하였으며 ITU-T의 권고(G.811)를 만족하는 MTIE 특성을 보여주었다. 현재 전체적으로 자동화기능을 갖는 초기모델이 구현되었으며 가까운 시일 내에 상용화연구를 통해 통신망 동기용 노드클릭으로 사용될 수 있으리라 기대한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2016

Ship ad-hoc network (SANET) extends the coverage of the maritime communication among ships with the reduced cost. To fulfill the growing demands of real-time services, the SANET requires an efficient clock time synchronization algorithm which has not been carefully investigated under the ad-hoc maritime environment. This is mainly because the conventional algorithms only suggest to decrease the beacon collision probability that diminishes the clock drift among the units. However, the SANET is a very large-scale network in terms of geographic scope, e.g., with 100 km coverage. The key factor to affect the synchronization performance is the signal propagation delay, which has not being carefully considered in the existing algorithms. Therefore, it requires a robust multi-hop synchronization algorithm to support the communication among hundreds of the ships under the maritime environment. The proposed algorithm has to face and overcome several challenges, i.e., physical clock, e.g., coordinated universal time (UTC)/global positioning system (GPS) unavailable due to the atrocious weather, network link stability, and large propagation delay in the SANET. In this paper, we propose a logical clock synchronization algorithm with multi-hop function for the SANET, namely multi-hop clock synchronization for SANET (MCSS). It works in an ad-hoc manner in case of no UTC/GPS being available, and the multi-hop function makes sure the link stability of the network. For the proposed MCSS, the synchronization time reference nodes (STRNs) are efficiently selected by considering the propagation delay, and the beacon collision can be decreased by the combination of adaptive timing synchronization procedure (ATSP) with the proposed STRN selection procedure. Based on the simulation results, we finalize the multi-hop frame structure of the SANET by considering the clock synchronization, where the physical layer parameters are contrived to meet the requirements of target applications.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2005년도 6th 2005 International Conference on Computers, Communications and System
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• pp.177-178
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• 2005

Wireless 1394 over IEEE802.15.3 must allow a data reserved for delivery over a wired 1394 network to be delivered over an IEEE802.15.3 wireless network through bridging IEEE 1394 to IEEE802.15.3. Isochronous transfers on the 1394 bus guarantee timely delivery of data. Specifically, isochronous transfers are scheduled by the bus so that they occur once every $125\;{\mu}s$ and require clock time synchronization to complete the real-time data transfer. IEEE1394.1 and Protocol Adaptation Layer for IEEE1394 over IEEE802.15.3 specify clock time synchronization for a wired 1394 bus network to a wired 1394 bus network and wireless 1394 nodes, which are IEEE802.15.3 nodes handling 1394 applications, over IEEE802.15.3. Thus, the clock time synchronizations are just defined within a homogeneous network environment like IEEE1394 or IEEE802.15.3 until now. This paper proposes new clock time synchronization method for wireless 1394 heterogeneous networks between 1394 and 802.15.3. If new method is adopted for various wireless 1394 products, consumer electronics devices such as DTV and Set-top Box or PC devices on a 1394 bus network can transmit real time data to the AV devices on the other 1394 bus in a different place via IEEE 802.15.3.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2019

Precise point positioning (PPP) requires precise orbit and clock products. International GNSS service (IGS) real-time service (RTS) data can be used in real-time for PPP, but it may not be possible to receive these corrections for a short time due to internet or hardware failure. In addition, the time required for IGS to combine RTS data from each analysis center results in a delay of about 30 seconds for the RTS data. Short-term orbit prediction can be possible because it includes the rate of correction, but the clock correction only provides bias. Thus, a short-term prediction model is needed to preidict RTS clock corrections. In this paper, we used a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to predict RTS clock correction for three minutes. The prediction accuracy of the LSTM was compared with that of the polynomial model. After applying the predicted clock corrections to the broadcast ephemeris, we performed PPP and analyzed the positioning accuracy. The LSTM network predicted the clock correction within 2 cm error, and the PPP accuracy is almost the same as received RTS data.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2005년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.32 No.1 (A)
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• pp.415-417
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• 2005

Core operations (e.9. TDMA scheduler, synchronized sleep period, data aggregation) of many proposed protocols for different layer of sensor network necessitate clock synchronization. Our Paper mingles the scheme of dynamic clustering and diffusion based asynchronous averaging algorithm for clock synchronization in sensor network. Our proposed algorithm takes the advantage of dynamic clustering and then applies asynchronous averaging algorithm for synchronization to reduce number of rounds and operations required for converging time which in turn save energy significantly than energy required in diffusion based asynchronous averaging algorithm.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제13C권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2006

본 논문은 NG-SDH망에서 정상상태와 SPT상태 및 LPT상태 등 다양한 클럭상태에 따른 동기클럭 특성분석과 최대 망노드수 도출을 위한 연구를 수행하는 것이다. 시뮬레이션을 통해서 정상상태일 경우 NG-SDH 최대 망노드수는 42개에서 38개로 나타났다. SPT상태에서 최종단 NE망을 SPT상태로 적용할 때 최대 망노드수는 19개에서 4개까지로 정상상태에 비하여 많이 감소하였고, 모든 NE망에서 SPT상태가 발생하면 규격만족 노드수가 크게 감소하였다. LPT상태에서 최종단 NE망을 LPT상태로 적용할 경우 최대 노드수는 모두 50개 이상까지로 나타났고, 모든 NE망을 LPT상태로 적용하더라도 동일한 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 모든 DOTS를 LPT상태로 적용하였을 경우 규격만족 전송망 노드수는 SPT상태나 정상상태에 비해 차이가 크지 않았다.