• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.224-227
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• 2000

Neurilemmomas are benign nerve sheath tumors arising from peripheral Schwann cells. The tumor composed of Schwann cells and collagen fibers, can occur in any region of the body where there is a nerve that has a Schwann sheath. The incidence of the tumor in the head and neck is about 30% with many of these occurring on the vagus nerve. Neurilemmoma is characterized by solitary occurrence, with sharp demarcation and encapsulation. Multiple genesis is very rare. This article presents a rare case of multiple neurilemmomas located bilaterally in the cervical region.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.232-234
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• 1996

For surgical Treatment of spastic deformities of the foot, selective peripheral neurotomies were introduced. These neurotomies utilize microsurgical techniques and intraoperative electrical stimulation for better identification of the function of the fascicles constituting the nerve. Selectivity is required to supress the excess of spasticity without excessive weakening of motor strength and without producing exaggerated amyotrophy. To achieve this goal, minimum one fourth of the motor fibers must be preserved. Neurotomies may be indicated when spasticity is localized to muscle or muscle groups supplied by a single or a few peripheral nerves that are easily accessible. To help the surgeon decide if neurotomy is appropriate, temporary local anesthetic block of the nerve with bupivacaine can be useful. Such a test can determine if articular limitations result from spasticity, musculotendinous contractures, or articular ankyloses because only spasticity is decreased by the test. In additon, these tests give the patient a chance to appreciate what to expect from the operation.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a common clinical problems. The disorder is a generalized peripheral polyneuropathy that selectively involves small-diameter myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. It is often idiopathic and typically presents with painful feet in patients over the age of 60. And autoimmune mechanisms are often suspected, but rarely identified. The clinical features consisted of painful dysesthesias and postganglionic sympathetic dysfunction, as well as reduced pinprick and temperature sensation. Although affected patients complain of neuropathic pain, this condition is often difficult to diagnose because of the few objective physical signs and normal nerve conduction studies. Diagnosis of SFN is made on the basis of the clinical features, normal nerve conduction studies, and abnormal specialized tests of small fiber function. These specialized studies include assessment of epidermal nerve fiber density as well as sudomotor, quantitative sensory, and cardiovagal testing. Unless an underlying disease is identified, treatment is usually directed toward alleviation of neuropathic pain.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2005

Background: The most distal sensory fibers of the feet are often affected first in polyneuropathy. However, they are not evaluated in routine nerve conduction studies. Thus we evaluated the dorsal sural sensory nerve in patients with sensorimotor polyneuropathy with normal sural response, in order to assess the usefulness in electrodiagnostic practice. Methods: In this study, 53 healthy subjects and 27 patients with clinical evidence of sensorimotor polyneuropathy were included. In all subjects, peripheral motor and sensory nerve studies were performed on the upper and lower limbs including dorsal sural nerve conduction studies. On electrodiagnostic testing, all patients had normal sural responses. Results: The dorsal sural sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) mean amplitude was $13.12{\pm}5.68{\mu}V$, mean latency was $3.12{\pm}0.43msec$, and mean sensory conduction velocity (SCV) was $36.50{\pm}3.40m/s$ in healthy subjects. In 7 of 27 patients, the dorsal sural nerve SNAPs were absent bilaterally, and in 20 patients, the mean dorsal sural nerve distal latency was longer($3.40{\pm}0.48ms$, P=0.006), and mean SCV was slower than in healthy subjects($35.08{\pm}4.59$, P=0.043). However, dorsal sural nerve amplitude was not different between the groups (P=0.072). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that dorsal sural nerve conduction studies should be included in the routine electrodiagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected polyneuropathy and normal sural nerve responses.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.839-842
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• 2010

Purpose: Ganglion cysts of peripheral nerve are uncommon. Ganglion cysts located within the nerve and extraneural ganglia that cause symptomatic nerve compression have been reported. We report an unusual case of epineural ganglion cyst confined to the epineurium of the sural nerve at the foot. Methods: A 45-year-old woman was referred because of a mass on the foot. She had six months' history of pain and numbness in the right small toe. During the examination of the lesion, multinodular cystic mass was identified arising from the epineurium of the sural nerve. The nerve fascicles were compressed by the cyst, but the cyst wall clearly did not invade the fascicle. With the aid of surgical microscope, the epineural cyst was completely excised along with epineural tissue to which it was attached, and the sural nerve was decompressed. There was no relationship between the cyst and either the joint capsule or tendon sheath. Since the cyst was on the periphery of the nerve it was possible to remove the cyst intact without damaging the underlying fascicles. Results: The postoperative course was uneventful. Pathologic examination showed a ganglion cyst with a degenerated collagen fibers and contained a yellowish, jelly-like mucinous substance. No neural elements were identified within the cystic wall. Her sensory impairment improved progressively. At the 15 months follow-up, she was asymptomatic with no neurological deficits. Conclusion: Rarely, ganglion cysts can involve peripheral nerves, leading to varing degrees of neurological deficits. Intraneural intrafascicular ganglion may be difficult to separate from the neural elements without nerve injury. Epineural ganglion, subcategorized as intraneural extrafascicular ganglion, can be removed without damage to the underlying nerve.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2018

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy caused by focal compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. However, many patients with CTS, who are diagnosed clinically and confirmed with electrophysiological studies, complain of the sensory symptoms extends to the ulnar nerve territory. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a dysfunction in sensory fibers of the ulnar nerve was present or not in hands with CTS patients who had extramedian spread of sensory symptoms over the hand. We retrospectively analyzed the recording of the subjects who were diagnosed with CTS within a one-year-period of time. After exclusions, 136 hands recordings of 87 patient were included. We compared the results of median and ulnar nerve sensory conduction studies between normal hands and hands with CTS. We did not detect statistically significant difference on all parameters of ulnar nerve sensory conduction studies between the normal hands and the hands with CTS. The parameters of the obtained in median nerve sensory conduction studies were statistically different between the healthy control and CTS patients. The hands with CTS showed similar rate of ulnar sensory conduction abnormalities compared with the normal hands. In conclusion, our study showed that none of the parameters in ulnar sensory nerve conduction studies differ between two groups. Accordingly, our study revealed that ulnar nerve involvement does not contribute in CTS patients underlying the spread of paresthesia extends to the ulnar nerve territory.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.492-495
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• 2005

The role of cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in peripheral nerve regeneration was examined using an established rabbit peroneal nerve regeneration model. A 15-mm peroneal nerve defect was bridged with a vein filled with BMSCs $(1{\times}10^6)$, which had been embedded in collagen gel. On the contralateral side, the defect was bridged with a vein filled with collagen gel alone. When the regenerated tissue was examined 4, 8 and 12 weeks after grafting, the number and diameter of the myelinated fibers in the side with the BMSCs were significantly higher than in the control side without the BMSCs. This demonstrates the potential of using cultured BMSCs in peripheral nerve regeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 1988

This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of changes in arterial blood pressure, as a typical example of somatosympathetic reflex, induced by activation of muscular afferent nerves. Cats were anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloraloae$ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Afferent fibers in muscle nerve were activated by various method muscle contraction, electrical stimulation of muscle nerves, intraarterial injection of some algesic substances and noxious mechanical stimulation etc-and the evoked changes in arterial blood pressure were monitored. The effects of intravenous or direct spinal administration of morphine on the changes in arterial blood pressure induced by activation of the muscle afferent fibers were observed and also the effects of spinal lesions made in the $L1{\sim}L3$ spinal cord on them were studied to identify the ascending spinal pathways of the somatosympathetic reflexes. Followings are the results obtained. 1) The stimulation of medial gastrocnemius nerve under non-paralyzed condition with C-strength, low frequency (lower than 20 Hz) stimuli elicited a depressor response and a pressor response was elicited with C-strength, high frequency stimuli, of which the maximal response was observed at 100 Hz stimulation. 2) When the animal was paralyzed, depressor response to stimulation of the medial gastrocnemius nerve was observed with C-strength, $0.5{\sim}5Hz$ stimuli although the amplitude of the depressor response was decreased. The maximal pressor response was observed during stimulation with C-strength, $20{\sim}100Hz$ stimuli. 3) Intraarterial injection of some algesic substances induced marked pressor responses while noxious mechanical stimulation of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was not enough to elicit any significant changes (larger than 10 mmHg) in arterial blood pressure. 4) Systemically administered morphine (2 mg/kg) lowered the arterial blood pressure immediately and persistently and it was reversed by administration of naloxone. Direct spinally administered morphine did not elicit any changes. 5) The pressor response elicited by the activation of muscle afferent nerves was strengthened by systemic morphine administration while the depressor response tended to decrease. 6) Morphine administered on the spinal cord directly, decreased pressor response but did not change depressor response. From the above results it is concluded that there are separate groups of afferent nerves in the medial gastrocnemius nerve, which elicit pressor and depressor responses and the spinal ascending pathways of them are also separated from each other.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 2006

The threadlike structures of fascia were examined by tight and electron microscopy. In order to distinguish its tissue organization, we used staining methods including hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, Van Gieson's collagen fiber stain and Kluver-Barrera's luxol fast blue for nerve stain. Under the light microscope, the threadlike structures were composed of many collagen fibers and nerve. In higher magnification, they looked like as the bundle of tubular structures. Many myoid cell-spindle nuclei were observed in the tissue, which were taken from the fascia. It was identical with Bonghan duct known as one of meridian network theory. In the early 1960's the North Korean Bong-Han Kim showed the anatomical structures of the acupuncture points, and explained the meridian system as the concrete duct network system. According to Bonghan theory the Bonghan ducts spread throughout the body Because it is believed that the duct could have the role of signal pathway, the theory was reinvestigated in these days. All of the threadlike structures isolated from fascia shows the abundance of collagen fibers. The electron microscope examination (TEM) could confirm the well arranged collagen fiber and nerve. This investigation reveals that superficial Bohghan duct are nerve fiber parallel running with collagen fibers. We conjectured that the intermingled structure of collagen fiber, blood vessel and nerve fiber might have the role of meridian system. And the more, regardless of histological research, the study on collagen fiber as response transmitter in acupuncture treatment are in need.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2018

In this study, the influence of microporous structures of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) on dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) gas sensing properties as a nerve agent simulant was investigated. The pore structure was given to carbon fibers by chemical activation process, and an electrode was fabricated for gas sensors by using these fibers. The PAN based ACF electrode, which is an N-type semiconductor, received electrons from a reducing gas such as DMMP, and then electrical resistance of its electrode finally decreased because of the reduced density of electron holes. The sensitivity of the fabricated DMMP gas sensor increased from 1.7% to 5.1% as the micropore volume increased. It is attributed that as micropores were formed for adsorbing DMMP whose molecular size was 0.57 nm, electron transfer between DMMP and ACF was facilitated. In conclusion, it is considered that the appropriate pore structure control of ACFs plays an important role in fabricating the DMMP gas sensor with a high sensitivity.