• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9805-9812
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• 2014

Radixin, a member of the ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin) family, plays important roles in cell motility, invasion and tumor progression. It is expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic cells, including many types of epithelial and lymphoid examples. However, its function in glioblastomas remains elusive. Thus, in this study, radixin gene expression was first examined in the glioblastoma cells, then suppressed with a lentivirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) method.We found that there were high levels of radixin expression in glioblastoma U251cells. Radixin shRNA caused down-regulation of radixin gene expression and when radixin-silenced cells were implanted into nude mice, tumor growth was significantly inhibited as compared to blank control cells or nonsense shRNA cells. In addition, microvessel density in the tumors was significantly reduced. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and E-cadherin were up-regulated in radixin- suppressed glioblastoma U251 cells. In contrast, MMP9 was down-regulated. Taken together, our findings suggest that radixin is involved in GBM cell migration and invasion, and implicate TSP-1, E-cadherin and MMP9 as metastasis-inducing factors.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.154-158
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• 2011

A 8-year-old female Shih-tzu dog (weighting 4.5 kg) with history of both hindlimb lameness and cervical mass was presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Gyeongsang National University. In physical examination, ataxia, kyphosis, back pain and cervical mass were identified. Marked periosteal new bone formation of the fourth lumbar vertebra and soft tissue opacity mass of cervical region were observed in survey radiographs. Transverse computed tomography (CT) scan obtained at the lumbar and cervical lesions shown a well defined multilobulated bony mass and partially destructive lytic lesions the fourth lumbar vertebral body and a enlarged retropharyngeal lymph node with heterogeneous contrast enhancement and moderately enhancing left tonsillar mass. Neoplastic squamous epithelium which have developed vessel and lymphocyte infiltration in surrounding tissue were confirmed based on histopathologic examination. Based on the diagnostic findings the dog was diagnosed as a cervical lymph node metastases of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1415-1419
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• 2016

The tongue has been globally considered as an indicator of general health for millennia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of tongue lesions in an Iranian population. In this retrospective study, data from 6,435 oral biopsy reports over a 22-year period (1992-2014) were retrieved from archives of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Tehran, Iran. These reports were analyzed according to age, sex, type of lesion and location. Prevalence of tongue lesions were reported as percentages. Out of total oral lesions, 238 (3.7%) were found in the tongue, with the incidence peak (42%) being between 41-60 years. Men constituted 53% and women 47%of patients. The youngest patient was a 3-year-old girl with pyogenic granuloma and the oldest one was a 93-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC was the most common (25%) lesion generally found in the lateral border of the tongue with a male predilection. The second and third most prevalent lesions of the tongue were benign keratosis (frictional keratosis) (13.4%) and leukoplakia (13%).White-red lesions (38.6%) were the most frequent subgroup followed by neoplastic lesions (28%). Moreover, irritation fibroma, non-specific ulcers, squamous papilloma, and hemangioma were found as the most frequent lesions in their related subgroups.Given the high rate of SCC of the tongue in Iranian patients, this area should be examined more carefully by dental practitioners and physicians.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7843-7846
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• 2015

Background: Some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, there are few studies on association between stromelysin-2 (ST-2) and invasive behavior of HNSCC. The purpose of this study was to investigate Stromelysin-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 81 specimens, including 61 HNSCC and 20 non neoplastic epithelium. Sections with 5 micron thickness were prepared and stained with immunohistochemistry technique. Then expression of ST-2 was evaluated according to percentage of stained cells and intensity of staining. Data were analyzed by SPSS (V.21) using Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests (P<0.05). Results: The 61 HNSCC specimens were grades I 36.1%, II 34.4% and III 29.5%. The level of ST-2 expressions were moderate (++) and intensive (+++) in 21.3% and 78.7% of tumors, respectively. The ST-2 expression level was only significant between the tumors with grade I and grade III (P=0.016). Tumors presented ST-2 expression with staining intensity of mild 6.6%, moderate 26.2% and strong 67.2%. Staining intensity of ST-2 in grade I tumors was significantly lower than grade II and grade III (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between grades II and III (P=0.99). Conclusions: According to this study, the expression of ST-2 is associated with histopathological grade and tumor differentiation in HNSCCs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.399-402
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• 2013

An 8-year-old, female, mixed Thoroughbred horse was presented for the evaluation of the left upper eyelid mass with ocular discharge during 4 months. After unilateral surgery, excised eyelid mass and left eye were submitted for diagnosis. Grossly, the removed mass was $6{\times}7{\times}2$ cm in size and dome shape with rough irregular surface. On the cut surface, mass was firm and yellowish white in color. Histopathologically, severely proliferated stratified squamous epithelia were heavily invaginated into dermis, and then formed rete ridge or numerous squamous islands. These neoplastic islands were composed of multiple layers of prickle cells with intercellular bridge and central laminated keratin pearls or necrotic cellular debris. Based on the above results, this case was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma in upper eyelid of horse.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.577-583
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• 2008

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by proliferation of pathological Langerhans cells within different organs. It mainly affects children, but adult cases also occur, with an incidence rate of one to two per million. LCH results from the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. And its etiopathogenesis is still unknown. The hypothesis that it is a neoplastic or inflammatory disease, as well as the existence or not of immunological, viral or genetic predisposing factors, has been widely discussed in the literature, but no conclusive proof has ever been provided. Although lesions may appear in tissues of various origins such as skin, hypothalamus, liver, lung, or lymphoid tissue, bone is the most common site of the disease. The head and neck are affected in almost 90% of cases. The maxillary and mandibular bones are affected in 5 to 10% of cases. In our report, we present four cases of LCH in patients aged 3, 4, 7 and 9 years respectively, with primary manifestation in maxillofacial area.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2018

Canine mammary tumors are among the most frequently observed cutaneous tumors in female dogs. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), referred to as tumor-initiating cells, are thought to have properties similar to normal stem cells such as the ability to self-renewal and to differentiate into various cell types. Biological understanding of CSCs and the critical pathways involved in their maintenance are important in research and therapy for mammary tumors. We conducted the present study on sphere formation from REM134 cells by using methylcellulose to produce tumorspheres on a large scale and compared the specific markers of the spheres-formed and plating-cultured REM134 cells. The results revealed that the tumorspheres cultured in methylcellulose had higher seeding density and improved morphology compared to those produced in normal sphere formation medium. Expression levels of stemness markers and CSC-related markers were higher in tumorsphere-forming cells than in plating-cultured cells. Subsequently, we transplanted the tumorsphere-forming and plating-cultured cells into female nude mice to examine their tumorigenic potential. Tumor volume increased rapidly in mice transplanted with tumorsphere-derived cells compared to plating-cultured cells. We observed a novel sphere-forming condition for REM134 cells and showed that REM134 cell tumorspheres can exhibit improved CSC properties.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

Objectives: Cancer lethality is usually the result of local invasion and metastasis of neoplastic cell from the primary tumor. Because of their ability to degrade extracellular matrix components, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been implicated in the breakdown of basement membrane and underlying stroma, thereby facilitating tumor growth and invasion. It has been well established that MMPs and bFGF expression correlate with cervical lymph node metastasis, but studies on expression in the metastatic cervical lymph node itself are not enough. We have analyzed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and metastatic cervical lymph node, and evaluated their relationship and clinicophathologic significance. Material and Methods: 20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were entered on the study of immunohistochemical stains for MMP-9 and bFGF in the obtained tissue from primary tumor and metastatic cervical lymph node. We analyzed the relationship between MMP-9, bFGF expression of the primary tumor and metastatic node with age, sex, T-stage, N-stage, histologic grade, pathologic stage and disease free survival. Results: Expression of MMP-9 and bFGF in cancer cell and metastatic lymph node was higher than that in normal cell and lymph node. According to histologic differentiation, expression of MMP-9 of the metastatic cervical lymph node was higher than primary tumor. Considering to other clinicopathologic factor, no statistical significance was seen in MMP-9 and bFGF. Conclusion: We found that expression of MMP-9 is higher in the metastatic lymph node than primary tumor in the poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. But we don't find out the statistical significance in relation between bFGF and clinical factors. So we guess that some different mechanism of MMP-9 and bFGF in Head & Neck squamous cell carcinoma exist. Further studies will be necessary to establish their pathogenesis in the Head and Neck cancer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.311-319
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• 1997

The mechanisms of $estradiol-17{\beta}$ regulating growth of both normal and neoplastic cells are not clear until now. In studies using various estrogen-dependent breast cell lines, it is recently known that estrogen controls the cell growth by regulating the expression of growth factors and/or their receptors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of $estradiol-17{\beta}$on cell growth and IGF-I binding sites using primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells. We have obtained results as follows : $Estradiol-17{\beta}(10^{-9})$ has stimulatory effects in cell growth. Cotreatment of $estradiol-17{\beta}(10^{-9}M)$ and $IGF-I(5{\times}10^{-8}M)$ significantly increased the growth of primary rabbit renal proximal tubule cells compared to that of $estradiol-17{\beta}$ or IGF-I alone treated cells. In binding studies, we found that the binding of $^{125}IGF-I$ on cell membranes was incubation time- and temperature-dependent. Incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ results in higher binding of $^{125}IGF-I$ than that of $23^{\circ}C$ or $4^{\circ}C$. Maximum binding was observed at $37^{\circ}C$ between 30 and 60 minutes. The binding of $^{125}IGF-I$ to both control and $estradiol-17{\beta}-treated$ cells was inhibited by unlabelled $IGF-I(10^{-8}{\sim}10^{-12}M)$ in a concentration-dependent manner. However, EGF did not compete for $^{125}IGF-I$ binding at $10^{-8}{\sim}10^{-12}M$. IGF-I binding to the membranes from both control and $estradiol-17{\beta}-treated$ cells was also analyzed. We found that $estradiol-17{\beta}-treated$ cells exhibited higher binding activity for IGF-I. When $estradiol-17{\beta}$ or tamoxifen alone, or $estradiol-17{\beta}$ and tamoxifen cotreated cells were compared, the binding ratio of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ of $estradiol-17{\beta}-treated$ cell was significantly increased but was similar to control in both $estradiol-17{\beta}$ and tamoxifen cotreated cell. These results suggest that $estradiol-17{\beta}$ in part controls cell proliferation by regulating the expression of IGF-I receptors in primary rabbit renal proximal tubule cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2013

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) transformation during epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment in lung cancer has been suggested as one of possible resistance mechanisms. Methods: We evaluated whether SCLC transformation or neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation can be found in the cell line model. In addition, we also investigated its effect on responses to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs of the SCLC treatment. Results: Resistant cell lines to various kinds of EGFR-TKIs such as gefitinib, erlotinib, CL-387,785 and ZD6474 with A549, PC-9 and HCC827 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were established. Among them, two resistant cell lines, A549/GR (resistant to gefitinib) and PC-9/ZDR (resistant to ZD6474) showed increased expressions of CD56 while increased synaptophysin, Rb, p16 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were found only in A549/GR in western blotting, suggesting that NE differentiation occurred in A549/GR. A549/GR cells were more sensitive to etoposide and cisplatin, chemotherapeutic drugs for SCLC, compared to parental cells. Treatment with cAMP and IBMX induced synaptophysin and chromogranin A expression in A549 cells, which also made them more sensitive to etoposide and cisplatin than parental cells. Furthermore, we found a tissue sample from a patient which showed increased expressions of CD56 and synaptophysin after development of resistance to erlotinib. Conclusion: NE differentiation can occur during acquisition of resistance to EGFR-TKI, leading to increased chemosensitivity.