• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2010

오늘날 화석연료의 다량 사용에 의한 환경오염이 지구온난화를 가속시키고 기상이변을 일으키며 지구생태계에 심각한 영향을 미치고 있다. 수소는 이러한 환경문제를 근본적으로 해결해 줄 지속 가능한 그린에너지로 생각되고 있다. 본 연구는 결합구조가 다른 메탄올 및 에탄올의 개질을 통한 수소발생을 위해 실린더형 배리어 방전형의 반응기를 제작하였다. 반응기에 인가되는 고전압의 크기, 메탄올 및 에탄올 농도 및 캐리어 가스(N2) 유량 등의 변화에 따른 반응기의 방전특성과 수소발생 특성을 측정하고 화학구조에 따른 수소발생 영향을 분석하였다. 수소발생은 인가전압의 증가에 따라 선형적으로 증가하였고 메탄올의 경우가 많았다. 이는 메탄올과 에탄올의 결합구조와 관련이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 수소발생 에너지효율은 에탄올의 경우 인가전압이 증가하여 방전전력이 증가할수록 전체적으로 감소하지만 메탄올의 경우 전압 22[kV](peak-to-peak)를 인가한 경우 가장 에너지 효율이 높게 나타났다.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2007

Hair style was mean of visual symbol that display position or wealth about human life. Also, have spoken for cultural value as human body plastic art that speak for the age. I wished to study about modeling of hair style and interrelationship of color by analyzing systematically laying stress on color through contest creation work consisted in beauty art congress. Urpose of this study is as following. First, examines domestic' outside great council work head change by era, and studies Hair Work's change in work head. Second, Hair Color's change that appear in domestic' outside contest work head studies effect that get in work. Method of study runs parallel literature study and supporting research, utilized domestic' outside literature, connection paper, magazine, picture data etc. To literature study, and work picture data examined laying stress on work that is choosesed picture dataworld beauty use association (OMC) data etc. that appear in domestic' outside beauty art magazine to examine closely specification and stability of beauty art game style and participates in domestic and world beauty art contest. In this study, domestic' characteristic, and effect that collar gets in work head of collar that collects outside contest participating in an athletic contest hair style by ($1981{\sim}$until present) by year and appears in contest work head and in work since analyzing study forward $2007{\sim}2008$ year direction of collar. First, stream of whole color of the 1980s Brown gave highlight color point partially to basis, and was consisted of creative style and do Gold base color on the whole in Hair by Night item. Second, various Hair color was popularized in the 199Os, and Tuton's color appeared in beauty art game work, and I contributed to improve technique that step-up gradation color appears and does technique to highlight in neon orange in creative style and Hair by Night item by entrance on the stage of neuter gender color.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.74-77
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• 1994

통증치료 목적으로 구입한 본 HI-TECH 50으로 급만성 피부창상에 조사한 결과 통증완화 뿐만 아니라 창상치유에 좋은 성과를 얻었다. 특히 고질적 만성 당뇨병성 피부궤양같이 보존적 치료법으로 극히 치유가 어려운 경우에 레이저 광선을 조사함으로 해서 육아조직의 활성화는 물론이고 진통효과와 피부이식의 성공율도 현저히 향상되었음을 관찰하였다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2016

Background: To investigate how many rookie pitchers suffered from injuries while playing in the amateur league without guidelines for prevention of excessive pitching, we analyzed their amateur pitching patterns based on the pitch count, use of breaking balls, and pitches during winter camp. Methods: Forty-one rookie pitchers who graduated from high school or university in 2013 and joined professional baseball teams. Participants were interviewed by a trainer using our questionnaire. Injury inclusion criteria were 1) history of shoulder surgery, 2) history of elbow surgery, 3) shoulder pain requiring treatment, and 4) elbow pain requiring treatment. Results: Mean number of pitches per game and warm-up pitches for practice was 84.5 pitches (range, 15 to 130 pitches) and 16.4 pitches (range, 2 to 210 pitches), respectively. Mean number of pitches during the last year was 906.9 (range, 80 to 2,000). Mean number of maximal pitches was 127 pitches (range, 50 to 210 pitches). Fourteen pitchers had pitched over 150 pitches. Twenty-seven pitchers (65.9%) had pitched in spite of enduring pain. During winter training (mean 1.8 months), mean number of pitches per day was 162.5 pitches, and 20 pitchers (48.8%) had practiced pitching excessively despite the cold weather. Twenty-six rookies (63.4%) had shoulder pain or history of shoulder surgery, and 31 pitchers (75.6%) had elbow pain or history of elbow surgery. Only four participants (9.8%) did not have pain and history of surgery. Conclusions: For young baseball pitchers, guidelines for prevention of excessive pitching and for regulating the winter training program may be needed.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1166-1172
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• 2018

Degradation due to delamination occurs frequently in the high temperature superconductors (HTS) coil of rotating machines made with 2nd generation (2G) HTS wire, and the authors have observed other similar cases. Since an HTS field coil for a rotating machine is required to have stable current control and maintain a steady state, co-winding techniques for insulation material and epoxy resin for shape retention and heat transfer improvement are applied during coil fabrication. However, the most important limiting factor of this technique is delamination, which is known to be caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the epoxy resin and 2G HTS wire. Therefore, in this study, the experimental results of mixing the ratio of epoxy resin and alumina ($Al_2O3$) filler were applied to the fabrication of small and large test coils to solve the problem of degradation. For the verification of this scheme, eight prototypes of single pancake coils with different shapes were fabricated. They showed good results. The energization and operation maintenance tests of the stacked coils were carried out under liquid neon conditions similar to the operation temperature of an MW-class rotating machine. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the alumina powder mixed with epoxy resin in an appropriate ratio is an effective solution of de-lamination problem of 2G HTS coil.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2018

형태보존 암호는 평문의 형태를 그대로 보존하여 암호화를 수행한다. 따라서 암호화 전 후에 대한 데이터베이스의 구조 변경을 최소화 시킬 수 있다. 예를 들어 신용카드, 주민등록번호와 같은 데이터에 대한 암호화를 수행할 경우 형태보존 암호는 평문과 동일한 형태의 암호문을 출력하기 때문에 형태가 갖춰진 기존의 데이터베이스 구조를 그대로 유지할 수 있다. 현재 미국표준기술연구소(NIST)는 형태보존 암호의 표준으로써 FF1과 FF3를 권장하고 있다. 최근 국내의 경우 매우 효율적인 형태보존 암호 알고리즘인 FEA를 형태보존 암호의 표준으로 채택하였다. 본 논문에서는 대한민국 형태보존 암호의 표준 알고리즘인 FEA를 분석하고 다양한 환경에서 최적 구현하여 FEA의 성능을 측정한다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine fashion trends and the direction of the four fashion collections by analyzing the design key-words of the four major international fashion collections in 2018. The data of this study was collected by extracting the key-words from Marie Claire Korea in 2018, with the total of the collected data numbering 2,144. The data was analyzed by text mining using the R program and word-cloud, and a co-occurrence network analysis was conducted. The results of this study are as follows: First, the key-words of fashion collection designs in 2018 were fringe and ruffle detail, silk and denim fabric, vivid color, stripe and check pattern, pants suit item, and oversized silhouette, focusing on romanticism and sport. Second, seasonal characteristics of the fashion collections were pastel colors in S/S, primary and vivid colors in F/W. Details were embroidery and cutouts in S/S, patchwork and fringe in F/W. Third, the design trends of the four major fashion collections were presented in the Paris collection: stripes, check patterns, embroidery, lace, tailoring, draping, romanticism, and glamor. In the Milan collection, checks, prints, denim, and minidresses reflected sport and romanticism. The London collection included fringe, ruffles, floral patterns, flower patterns, and romanticism. The New York collections included vivid colors, neon colors, pastel colors, oversize silhouettes, bodysuits, and long dresses.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2021

Background: In the field of dentistry, topical anesthetics play an important role in reducing pain during needle pricks. The anesthetic property of betel leaves remain unexplored, even though they have been widely used for the treatment of various ailments. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate pain perception following topical application of lignocaine gel, clove gel, ice, and newly developed betel leaf extract gel during intraoral injection in children. Methods: Sixty children aged 6-10 years who met the inclusion criteria were divided into four groups. Topical anesthetic agents, 2% lignocaine (Lox-2% Jelly, Neon, Mumbai, India), 4.7% clove gel (Pain Out Dental Gel, Colgate Palmolive India Ltd, Solan, India), 10% betel leaf extract gel, and ice were applied to each group for one min, followed by administration of infiltration anesthesia. Pain perception was analyzed during needle insertion. The Wong Bakers FACES pain rating scale (WBFPRS) was used for subjective assessment and the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale for objective assessment. Recorded values were tabulated and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis using SPSS software with a P value set at 0.05. Results: The clove oil and betel leaf groups demonstrated the highest WBFPRS scores, followed by the ice and lignocaine groups. The clove, betel leaf extract, and ice groups showed equal and highest SEM scores, followed by the lignocaine group. The mean WBFPRS and mean SEM scores were statistically significant. Conclusion: Betel leaf extract gel is effective in reducing pain and can act as an alternative topical anesthetic agent.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2019

상완골 근위부 골절은 상완골의 외과적 경부 또는 근위부에 발생하는 골절로 정의할 수 있으며, 적절한 치료에도 불구하고 다양한 합병증 및 후유증이 발생할 수 있어 그 치료가 매우 까다롭고 견관절 치환술 등의 수술적 치료를 요하는 경우가 많다. 상완골 근위부 골절 후 후유증은 Boileau가 제시한 분류법이 가장 많이 사용되며, 2개의 카테고리 및 4가지의 타입으로 분류할 수가 있다. 카테고리 I은 관절 내 감입 골절로 결절들과 상완골 두 사이에 저명한 해부학적 변형이 동반되지 않아 결절 절골술을 시행하지 않고도 해부학적 치환물을 사용할 수 있는 경우로서 결절의 불유합이 거의 없이 두경부의 붕괴(cephalic collapse)나 괴사가 있는 타입 1과 잠김 탈구(locked dislocation) 또는 골절-탈구와 관련이 있는 타입 2로 나눌 수 있다. 카테고리 II는 관절 외 골절이며 결절들과 상완골 두 사이에 육안적인 변형이 있는 경우로서 해부학적 치환물을 사용하기 위해서는 결절 절골술을 시행해야 하며, 외과적 경부의 불유합이 동반된 타입 3와 심각한 결절의 부정유합이 동반된 타입 4로 분류할 수 있다. 각 타입별 치료를 위해서 타입 1의 경우에는 결절 절골술을 시행하지 않고 비구속형 치환술을 우선적으로 고려해야 하지만, 타입 1C, 1D와 같이 외반이나 내반 변형이 동반되거나 회전근 개의 지방 변성이 심할 경우에는 역행성 견관절 전치환술 또한 고려해야 한다. 타입 2는 일반적으로 비구속형 치환술로 좋은 결과를 기대할 수 있으나 관절와 골 결손이 없으며 회전근 개의 결손이 동반된 경우 역행성 견관절 전치환술 또한 하나의 치료 방법으로 고려할 수 있다. 타입 3는 견관절 치환술보다는 골쐐기 이식 등을 함께 시행하여 내고정을 시행하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 보이며, 최근 역행성 견관절 전치환술의 결과에 대한 보고 또한 점차 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 마지막으로 타입 4는 역행성 견관절 전치환술이 우선적으로 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.129-139
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• 1999

This paper analyzes the trend of fashion and make-up in 1990s and their relevancy to each other. Based on the chronological analysis, we propose a new category for the fashion and make-up trend in 1990s, which is 1) traditional ecology period(1990∼1994), 2) versatile trial or decadent period(1995∼1997), and 3) soft landing period based on the minimal neo-ecology and romanticism(1998∼2000). Between 1990 and 1994, there was no differentiation in seasons. It appeared that spring/summer and fall/winter trend have had no big differences. At the beginning in 1990s, it was basically based on ecology concept that emphasizes the natural image. However after 1995, seasonal differences in trend are appeared and there were various make-up designs. The trends of spring/summer in 1996 could be named as color revolution period that emphasized the unique and individual expression of each person. In 1997, black, pastel, and brown colors were the result of reinterpreting the classic and sexy images of 1960s to natural and modernistic image of 1997. Purple color started to be introduced to us. In 1998, pastel tone, pink, and purple color expresses the glamorous look based on the romantic feminism. S/S of 1999 is mainly represented by minimalism and avant garde. For fall/winter trends, brown color lines make-up comes to mix with romantic image and developed into wine, orange, neon colors in 1995 and 1996. These colors were the symbol of property and sentiment. Gold make-up emphasizing the eye area was the tendency of that period. In 1997, the fear of coming end of century was expressed as decadent image. At that time, ethnic and romantic image appeared with vivid color lines, gold, red and violet. In 1998, romanticism was popular again with modernism and ethnic mood. It expressed the romantic elegant image. The trend has returned to the ecology mood again in 1999. This ecology is somewhat different from the previous ecology. It adds a sofistaiced feeling and sportic fashion. To express natural and sportic image, they choose pink blush. In coming 2000 as a new millennium, the yellow color will be main the stream to express vision, dream, and happiness in both fashion and make-up as an accent color. The minimal design and minimal tools will be used for the design and make-up, respectively. In addition, the fusion concept will dominate the fashion and make-up industry in the globalized and boundariless age. Through this paper, we hope that make-up can be accepted as a part of total fashion in its relationship with other elements such as shoes, clothes and accessory and that it can be considered as a independent art that has direct influence on people and industry.