• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1963-1967
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• 2010

The rates of solvolysis of 4-morpholinecarbonyl chloride (MPC) have measured at $35.0^{\circ}C$ in water, $D_2O$, $CH_3OD$, and in aqueous binary mixtures of acetone, ethanol, methanol, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. An extended (two-term) Grunwald-Winstein equation correlation gave sensitivities towards changes in solvent nucleophilicity and solvent ionizing power as expected for a dissociative $S_N2$ and/or $S_N1$(ionization) pathway. For nine solvents specific rates were determined at two additional temperatures and higher enthalpies and smaller negative entropies of activation were observed, consistent with the typical dissociative $S_N2$ or $S_N1$(ionization) pathway. The solvent deuterium isotope effect values for the hydrolysis of MPC of $k_{H_2O}/k_{D_2O}$ = 1.27 and for the methanolysis of MPC of $k_{MeOH}/k_{MeOD}$ = 1.22 are typical magnitudes of the $S_N1$ or ionization mechanism.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2002

본 연구는 제작된 평행평판형 검출기에서 두 전극간의 거리에 따른 극성효과의 정도를 확인하기 위하여 실행되었다. 개발된 전리함의 극성효과를 측정하기 위하여 평행평판형 전리함의 윗면과 아래 면의 전극에 극성을 바꾸어가며 방사선을 조사하고 그에 의하여 생성된 전하를 측정하여 두 양을 비교하였다. 실험은 두 전극간의 거리가 3, 6, 10 mm 일 때 각각의 명목상 체적이 0.9, 1.9, 3.1 cc인 평행평판형 전리함에 대하여 실행하였다. 조사된 방사선은 6, 10 MV 광자선과 4, 6, 9, 12, 16 MeV의 전자선이며, SSD는 100 cm 이었고, 조사면 크기는 광자선의 경우는 10$\times$10 ㎤ 이고 전자선의 경우는 10$\times$10 $\textrm{cm}^2$을 사용하였으며, 측정점은 최대선량점이고, 선량률은 240 MU/min 으로 하였다. 평행평판형 전리함의 극성의 변환은 평행평판형 전리함의 윗면 즉, 방사선이 입사되는 면의 전극이 (+)극을 갖고 아래 면이 (-)극을 갖는 positive와 방사선이 입사되는 면의 전극이 (-)극을 갖고 아래 면이 (+)극을 갖게 되는 negative 측정으로 시행하였다. 실험결과는 광자선의 경우는 0.5 % 이내의 극성효과를 나타냈고, 전자선의 경우는 1% 에서 3.5% 까지 나타났으며, 높은 에너지를 갖는 16 MeV 전자선의 경우가 다른 에너지의 전자선의 경우 보다 극성효과의 영향이 적음을 알 수 있다.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.571-576
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• 1999

소변 시료에서 비스테로이드성 소염진통제 (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)인 Fenamates 부류의 6종에 대해서 pentafluoropropionyl 유도체화 반응을 통하여 Gas Chromatograph/Negative Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometer에 감응도가 높은 유도체를 만들었다. 6종의 소염 진통제 약물에 대하여 반응성이 좋은 유도체화 반응 조건과 크로마토그래피 조건을 설정하였으며 이들 약물은 동시에 분석 가능하였고 검출한계가 4-25 pg/mL 이어서 경마 경기에서 자주 사용되고 있는 NSAIDs의 미량 성분에 대한 검출 및 법과학에서의 응용이 가능하다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.120-143
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• 2018

The analytical methods and their ambient levels of organic nitrogenous compounds such as nitrosamines, nitramines (nitroamines), imines, amides and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in the atmosphere are summarized and discussed. Sampling for the analysis of organic nitrogenous compounds was mostly conducted using high volume air sampler. The direct liquid extraction (DLE) using sonification and the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) have been frequently employed for the extraction of organic nitrogenous compounds in the atmospheric samples. After extraction, clean-up via filtration and the solid phase extraction (SPE) and concentrations using nitrogen and rotary evaporator have been generally conducted but in some studies the clean-up and concentration steps have been omitted to prevent the loss of analyte and improve the recovery rate of the analytical procedure. Instrumental analysis was mainly carried out using gas chromatography (GC) or the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with the single quadrupole mass spectrometer or tandem mass spectrometer in the electron ionization (EI), positive chemical ionization (PCI) and negative chemical ionization (NCI) mode and analysis sensitivity of nitrosamines and nitramines were higher in NCI mode. Desirable sampling and analysis methods for analyzing particulate organic nitrogenous compounds are suggested.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.773-778
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• 2001

In this dissertation the results of the combined experimental and theoretical studies designed to understand and predict the spatial growth and transport coefficients for electrons in SF$_{6}$ and SF$_{6}$-Ar mixtures have described. The ionization and attachment coefficients in pure SF$_{6}$ and SF$_{6}$-Ar mixtures have been calculated over the range of 10$_{6}$ molecule and for Ar atom proposed by other authors. The transport coefficients for electrons in (0.2%)SF$_{6}$-Ar and (0.5%)SF$_{6}$-Ar mixtures were measured by time-of-flight method, and the electron energy distribution function and the parameters of the velocity and the diffusion were determined by the variation of the collision cross-sections with energy. The results obtained in this work will provide valuable information on the fundamental haviors of electrons in weakly ionized gases and the role of electron attachment in the choice of better gases and unitary gas dielectrics or electro negative components in dielectric gas mixtures. gas mixtures.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2017년도 전력전자학술대회
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• pp.231-232
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• 2017

This paper describes the design and implementation of a 2.5kW (500V, 5A) simmer circuit that maintains the ionization of xenon gas inside the lamp. The design is based on a LCC resonant converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) with above resonant frequency to take advantage of high power density from using parasitic elements such as the leakage inductance in a power transformer. In addition, since the converter has current source output characteristics, it is suitable for maintaining ionization of the lamp having the negative resistance load characteristic. To verify this converter design, PSpice modeling was performed. Finally, the developed simmer circuit is verified by a resistive load of rated performance and the Ionization maintenance operation of the xenon flash lamp.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1996

GC/MS analysis of 27 controlled pesticides in herbal drugs was studied. Selected ion monitoring(sim) technique was applied to increase the GC/MS sensitivity. Typical peaks in th e mass spectrum of each pesticides were selected as quantitation, comfirmation or alternate ion. Twenty seven pesticides were divided into five groups according to their retention time and the peaks for SIM were programmed accordingly. The combination of two ionization methods, electron impact(EI)-SIM-MS and negative ion chemical ionization(NCI)-SIM-MS, were well-fitted for the detection, confirmation and quantitation of multiclass residual pesticides in herbal drugs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.870-875
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• 2005

We measured the optogalvanic signal and discharge voltage-current(V-I) curve under the two different discharge conditions with different buffer gases, Ar, and Ne. When the Gd was used as a cathode material at low discharge current less than 10mA, a significant change was observed in the current-voltage curve. Time resolved optogalvanic signal measurement were measured by the diode laser of which wavelengths correspond to metastable transition line of these gases (Ar, Ne). From these measurements, we found that the characteristics of the V-I curve strongly depend on the Penning ionization process.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2021

The dependencies of the chemical element abundances in stellar atmospheres with respect to solar abundances on the second ionization potentials of the same elements were investigated using the published stellar abundance patterns for 1,149 G and K giants in the Local Region of the Galaxy. The correlations between the relative abundances of chemical elements and their second ionization potentials were calculated for groups of stars with effective temperatures between 3,764 and 7,725 K. Correlations were identified for chemical elements with second ionization potentials of 12.5 eV to 20 eV and for elements with second ionization potentials higher than 20 eV. For the first group of elements, the correlation coefficients were positive for stars with effective temperatures lower than 5,300 K and negative for stars with effective temperatures from 5,300 K to 7,725 K. The results of this study and the comparison with earlier results for hotter stars confirm the variations in these correlations with the effective temperature. A possible explanation for the observed effects is the accretion of hydrogen and helium atoms from the interstellar medium.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2
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• pp.874-877
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• 2002

The optogalvanic signals were measured using hollow cathode discharge tube with argon as buffer gas at change of discharge currents. A change of ionization rate due to electron collision causes an increase or decrease of the electric conductivity. This change in electric conductivity generates the optogalvanic signal. We conclude that optogalvanic signal has close relation with the lowest metastable atoms density at low current.