• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.22-39
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• 2017

This study intended to empirically verify the effect of message framing, cognitive need for closure, and type of fashion products on purchasing attitude of PB fashion products in discount stores. The design consisted of three-mixed design of 2(POP(Point of Purchase)message framing: benefit message vs. loss message) ${\times}2$(cognitive need for closure: high vs. low) ${\times}2$(PB fashion product type: utilitarian vs. hedonic). Survey of this study was conducted on 330 men and women in 20~50's in Seoul and Gyeong-gi, and a total of 287 data were analyzed. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 program, and three-way ANOVA, simple interaction effects and simple main effects analysis were conducted. The results of this study are as follows: First, it was identified that the framing type of POP message of discount store, cognitive need for closure, and PB fashion product type had significant effect on preference and purchase intention. Secondly, it was identified that consumers with both high and low cognitive need for closure had high preference level and purchase intention when they encountered the benefit message framing than the loss message framing. Thirdly, the benefit message framing was more effective than the loss message framing for hedonic PB fashion products in discount stores, but utilitarian PB fashion products did not get affected by the message framing. Fourthly, it was identified that groups with both high and low cognitive need for closure preferred hedonic PB fashion products. Lastly, it was verified that benefit message framing POP advertisement on a group with high cognitive need for closure was effective for Hedonic PB fashion products in discount stores, and utilitarian PB fashion products showed no difference in purchase intention according to the POP message framing type and cognitive need for closure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1270-1284
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• 2012

This article examines how individual differences on the need for cognitive closure and demographics influence consumer perception and the usage of consumer reviews in online shopping. Data were randomly collected from 2,381 U.S. online consumer review users through an online survey. The findings from multiple regression analyses revealed the different effects of the need for cognitive closure dimensions (i.e., preference for order and structure, preference for predictability, discomfort with ambiguity, closed-mindedness, and decisiveness) and demographic characteristics on consumer attitudes, perceived online review influence, benefits, persuasiveness, and review usage behavior. Finally, practical implications and prospects for future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.166-173
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• 2020

The purpose of the present study was to validate the Need for Closure Scale-Short Form (NFCS-SF), which measures the need for cognitive closure. Participants completed questionnaires regarding need for cognitive closure, intolerance of uncertainty, depression, and anxiety. Of the 536 data collected between May and July 2017, data from a total of 495 participants were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and M-Plus. The results of the study are as follows. First, a 15-item selection comprised three items from each facet scale via exploratory factor analysis. Second, the NFCS-SF demonstrated good internal consistency (Study 1, Cronbach's α=.85; Study 2, Cronbach's α=.84). Third, the results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported a 5-factor model (χ2(80)=178.34, p<.001; CFI=.87, TLI=.83, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.08). Fourth, the NFCS-SF showed significant correlation with the measures of intolerance of uncertainty (r=.58, p<.01), depression (r=.16, p<.05), and anxiety (state anxiety, r=.31, p<.01; trait anxiety, r=.29, as well as the NFCS (r=.86, p<.01). Based on these findings, significance and limitations of the results as well as suggestions for further study are discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.163-170
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of need for closure on college students' problem recognition and communication behavior. Specifically, this research examined differences about situation recognitions and communication behaviors across level of need for closure factors (preference for order and structure, preference for predictability, decisiveness, discomfort with ambiguity, closed-mindeness). The results show that the participants with higher level of discomfort with ambiguity and low level of closed-mindeness are more likely to high problem recognition, constraint recognition, involvement recognition, and doing active communication behaviors.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.95-119
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• 2010

Although there have been many studies regarding the inconsistency between consumers' attitudes and behavior, prior research has almost exclusively focused on the relationship between the attitude before behavior and the initial behavior. Relatively little research has been conducted on consumer satisfaction after purchase and post-purchase behavior. This research proposed that the relationship between satisfaction and post-purchase behavior is moderated by consumers' psychological characteristics such as need for cognitive closure(NCC) and temporal self-construal(SC). The need for cognitive closure refers to individuals' desire for a firm answer to a question and an aversion toward ambiguity. We assumed the need for cognitive closure as a major moderating variable because it is judged that the requirement for cognition clearly varies between when a consumer repurchases the same product and seeks a new alternative. Individuals who tend to end cognition due to time constraints or inappropriate conditions may display considerable cognitive impatience or impulsivity and has a higher probability in repurchasing the same product than a consumer without such limitations. They would avoid further consideration for new alternatives and the likelihood of the repurchase for prior alternative would increase. As hypothesized, significant moderating effect of the NCC was confirmed. This result gives a significant implication for a corporate to establish effective marketing strategies. For a corporate or product brand that has been occupying the market after entering the market earlier, it would be effective to maintain need for cognitive closure high in the existing consumers and thereby preventing the consumers from being interested in the new alternatives. On the other hand, new brands that have just entered the market need to lower the potential consumers' need for cognitive closure so that the consumers can be interested in new alternatives. Along with need for cognitive closure, temporal self-construal also turned out to moderate the satisfaction-repurchase. temporal SC reflects the extent to which individuals view themselves either as an individuated entity or in relation to others. Consumers under a temporarily independent SC would repurchase former alternative again according to their prior satisfaction and evaluation. In contrast, consumers in temporal interdependent SC tended to switch to a new alternative because they value interpersonal relationships above anything else and have a tendency to rely heavily on in-group opinions. When they are confronted with additional opinions, it is highly probable that he/she will choose a new product as an alternative. By proving the impact that temporal self-construal has on repurchasing behavior, this study is providing the marketers with new standards for establishing successful promotional strategies. For example, if the buyer and the user is the same for a product, it would be effective for the seller to convince the consumer to make decision subjectively by encouraging temporal independent self-construal. On the contrary, in the case where the purchase is made by an individual but the product is consumed by a group of people. For example, a housewife is more likely to choose the products or brands that her husband or children prefer rather than the ones that she likes by herself. In that case, emphasizing how the whole family can be satisfied and happy about the product would be effective for promoting repurchase.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.658-669
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• 2017

While online shopping has been increased expeditiously, a significant portion of purchasing intention has not been converted into actual purchasing behavior without delay in online space. This study investigates the factors causing a delay in online purchasing decision even after purchasing intention has been formed. It identifies the uncertainty variables (information, psychological, and preference uncertainties) related to consumer needs and the situational variables (time pressure and past purchase experience) surrounding the purchasing transaction. Furthermore, the need for cognitive closure is proposed to moderate the relationships between uncertainty/situational variables and the purchasing behavior. The results show that the uncertainties and situational factors significantly influence purchasing delay. Also, the need for cognitive closure indeed works as a moderator between the uncertainty variables and the purchasing behavior. Practical and academic implications of these findings are also discussed.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.115-131
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• 2009

This paper attempts to show that consumers' own information processing mode can play an important role in inducing favorable product evaluations, which is the most key goal of marketing. Th elaboration likelihood model contends that consumers' motivation and knowledge, in addition to the outside marketing information, affects the evaluation process. On the other hand, The resource matching hypothesis suggests that an excessively high level of information processing may lead to negative evaluations. In this study, Need for closure exacerbated overall evaluations of consumers. Such relationship was more salient in the condition of low severity that in the condition of high severity. Also under the situation of low severity, consumers with high level of relevant knowledge made evaluations more favorable, compared to the consumers of low knowledge. On contrast under the situation of high severity, relevant knowledge leaded to less favorable evaluations. This experiment identifies the appropriateness of the elaboration likelihood model and the resource matching hypothesis. Especially This study suggests an rare example that consumers' knowledge may not paly an desirable role in making their judgments.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.302-306
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• 2020

Objectives: In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions. Methods: We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors. Results: According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. Conclusions: Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-201
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of individual's cultural disposition (individualism-collectivism or horizontal-vertical thinking) and need for cognitive closure(NFC) on framing effects. For this purpose, the participants were divided into 4 different cultural disposition groups based on Singelis et al.'s[1] INDCOL scale, and 2 different NFC groups based on Lee's[2] NFC Scale, and then asked to respond on 5 decision making scenarios. The results can be summarized as followings. First, participants preferred risk-avoidant option in gain frame, whereas risk-seeking option in loss frame. Second, there are no difference of cultural disposition on framing effects, but high NFC group showed larger framing effects than low NFC group in loss frame. Third, collectivism and vertical thinking in high NFC condition showed larger framing effects than low NFC condition.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of demographic variables and psychological mechanisms (self-efficacy, need for closure, and fashion innovativeness) on each of the four types of impulsive buying, including suggestion impulsive buying, stimulus impulsive buying, pure impulsive buying, and reminder impulsive buying. In addition, the study analyzed the impact these four types had on evaluations after impulsive buying (i.e., diversion in mood, regret for buying decision and a sense of financial loss, and dissatisfaction of products). Data was collected by a marketing research company from five hundreds consumers in seven different cities of South Korea who experienced impulsive buying in the off-line apparel stores within the past three months. The results of regression analyses indicated that self-efficacy and gender significantly affected suggestion impulsive buying. That is, the higher consumers' self-efficacy, the greater their suggestion impulsive buying was. In addition, women had higher Suggestion Impulsive Buying than men did. However, in case of Stimulus Impulsive Buying, gender was the only significant antecedent. That is, women had higher stimulus impulsive buying than men did. In terms of pure impulsive buying, fashion innovativeness was a significant predictor, and for the reminder impulsive buying level, fashion innovativeness and need for closure were significant predictors. Finally, pure and suggestion impulsive buying were correlated with positive consumer evaluations, while both stimulus and reminder impulsive buyings were correlated with negative consumer evaluations. Implications and future studies were discussed.