• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.409-422
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• 2022

Riverine wetlands are an important element of the river ecosystem and account for approximately 38% of the inland wetlands surveyed so far. The Shincheon Wetland located in Mangyeong River is also a channel wetland as the flow rate is slowed by the constructed weirs, leading to sediment accumulation. To identify the conservation value and ecological characteristics of Shincheon Wetland, its vegetation and plant diversity were identified using a phytosociological method, and a total of 45 vegetation-related datasets were collected. Overall, 24 plant communities, comprising a total of 153 taxa (49 families, 117 genera, 146 species, 2 subspecies, 5 varieties) were identified. The plant with the highest appearance rate in the communities was Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. In addition, annual herb species, including Rumex crispus L., Bromusjaponicus Thunb., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Artemisia indica Willd. were frequently observed to be growing in the secondary grassland. Naturalized plants were surveyed in the 38 taxa; the urbanization index was 10.3% and the naturalized index was 24.8%. Plant communities were largely classified into submerged vegetation, floating and floating-leaved vegetation, annual and biennial vegetation, perennial herb vegetation, and woody vegetation. The distribution of plant communities reflecting various habitats, including the lentic and lotic zone maintaining a constant water depth, littoral zone experiencing intermittent water level fluctuations, and dry floodplain environment was also confirmed. Overall, plant community development plays an important role in the habitat for wild animals; therefore, it is expected to positively impact biodiversity enhancement.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.789-800
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• 2023

A vascular flora survey was conducted in 2020 to identify flora and analyze changes in the numbers of vascular flora species over the past 10 years at Gongju-weir (GW) and Baekje-weir (BW) in the Geumgang River, Republic of Korea. A total of 241 taxa were found in GW and 279 taxa in BW, and 208 taxa (88% of total taxa) were common species. The distribution of invasive species in GW and BW were seven and eight taxa, respectively. Rare plants were not identified in any of the weirs. The Poaceae family dominated in terms of number of species, followed by Asteraceae, Legumes, Cyperaceae, and Polygonaceae. Additionally, Therophytes accounted for a high proportion of Raunkiaer life forms. The numbers of vascular plant species, total taxa, naturalized plants, and invasive species have been increasing over the last 10 years. However, long-term alterations in invasive species before and after the opening of the weirs increased much more significantly in the partially opened BW than in the fully opened GW. These results indicate that the degree of barrier opening does not affect the invasion and establishment of non-native species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.75-90
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• 2008

The golf course has many problems that are a pollution of river, a extinction of habitat by destructing a forest and a simplication of species composition. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the ecological characteristics of vascular plants in construct-reserved site of golf course. The results were as follow. The vascular plants were summarized as 342 taxa; 86 families, 231 genera, 295 species, 42 varieties and 5 forma. In the results by the location environments of vegetation, Salix caprea community and wetland species like Persicaria thunbergii were appeared in the swamp. Especially, S. caprea will be made use of promoting a landscape. In the stream, Stephanandra incisa community has a functions like an ecological axis and a corridor of wild animals. The planting technique will be applied to using Atractylodes japonica and Ainsliaea acerifolia in the lower part of Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica. Because Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Convallaria keiskei grew by layer in Q. variabilis community, this will be made use of natural vegetation model. The rare plants were 2 taxa; Aristolochia contorta and Iris ensata var. spontanea. To preserve their community, we will prohibit a development and remove a threatening factor. The endemic plants were 4 taxa; Salix caprea, Clematis trichotma, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora and Weigela subsessilis. The naturalized plants were 19 taxa; Rumex crispus, Bildedykia dumetora and so on. To establish the quantitative management plan, we will obtain a ecological information about a naturalized plants in accumulating by season, community and land use pattern.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2012

Two naturalized species, Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. (Umbelliferae) and Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. (Cruciferae) were newly reported from South Korea. C. tainturieri., 'Jeon-Ho-A-Jae-Bi', was found at World Cup park in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, in Seoul, and the genus Chaerophyllum is reported for the first time from South Korea in the present paper. It is distinguished from the genus Sphallerocarpus by having cylindrical fruit, and each furrow with one vitta. B. verna, 'Bom-Na-Do-Naeng-I', was found on a riverside area of Suyeong River, Geumsa-dong, in Busan. It can be distinguished from B. orthoceras by silique 4-8 mm long , seeds 1-2 mm long, and basal rosette leaves with a 4-11 large pairs of lateral lobes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2023

Naturalized populations of two alien plants were newly found, and we describe their morphological characteristics and habitats with photographs. One is a member of Juncaceae, Juncus torreyi Coville, and was newly found at a pool of a beach in Gangwon-do. This rush is native to North America and belongs to the sect. Ozophyllum (subgen. Juncus) according to certain morphological characteristics, such as its racemose inflorescence, the absence of floral bracteole, and unitubular leaves with perfect septa. J. torreyi is easily distinguishable from Korean rushes by its long rhizomes with swollen nodes and globular head with 25-100 flowers. Its introduction into Japan and Europe was reported, but the ecological risk associated with its over-dispersal is not known. The other alien plant is a submerged plant, Egeria densa Planch. (Hydrocharitaceae), which was found in streams in Gyeongsangbuk-do and ditches in the Busan-si area, both of which being in the watershed of the Nakdong River. Egeria densa is similar to Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, which is native to Korea. However, it is distinguished from H. verticillata by its larger flowers and lack of overwintering organs. This alien plant is native to South America and was introduced for aquarium gardening and naturalized around the world. Egeria densa is treated as a malignant weed due to its asexual reproduction and rapid growth. Size changes and the number of populations of E. densa must be investigated.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.579-603
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• 2020

In order to provide fundamental information about the floristic composition of the area along with an assessment of the environmental impact, a floristic study of the vascular plants in the Tamjin River estuary in Gangjin-gun was conducted for a total of nine days, in the period from June 2014 to September 2014. We found that the vascular plants in this region comprised 424 taxa belong to 102 families, 281 genera, 390 species, 5 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 3 forma. Five taxa of Korean endemic plants including Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor (Nakai) Nakai, and Clematis trichotoma Nakai were collected. Two least concern (LC) taxa of rare plants (as designated by the Korea Forest Service) were collected: Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Ten the floristic regional indicator taxa from the third to the fifth grade were identified: two taxa belonged to grade IV, and eight taxa belonged to grade III. Twenty-four taxa of salt-tolerant plants, including Artemisia fukudo Makino, Carex rugulosa Kuk., and Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, as well as 44 taxa of aquatic plants, including Najas marina L., Nuphar oguraensis Miki, and Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, were investigated in this region. Fifty-nine taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, among which the following six taxa were plants that caused ecosystem disturbance: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., Lactuca scariola L., Rumex acetosella L., Solidago altissima L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.471-479
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• 2006

This study was carried out to offer the natural restoration plan of river by objective analyzing the vegetation and flora around stream in Mt. Midong and to develop the materials for restoration. The flora were summarized as 95 taxa; 33 families, 84 genera, 81 species and 14 varieties. The naturalized plants were 15 taxa; Dactylis glmerata, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Rumex crispus, Chenopodium glaucum, Trifolium repens, Hibiscus trionum, Oenothera lamarckiana, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Aster pilosus, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Coreopsis tinctoria, Taraxacum officinale, Bidens frondosa and Cosmos bipinnatus. The major dominant species was Phragmites japonica in all communites and semi dominant species were Salix gracilistyla, Phalaris arundinacea, Bidens frondosa and Persicaria thunbergii. To restore the river, we must consider the biddiversity, habitats and so forth, and use the plant materials like Phragmites japonica, Salix gracilistyla, Persicaria thunbergii and Veronica anagallis-aquatica.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.4
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• pp.493-512
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data necessary for establishing a vegetation management plan for the Yeongcheon River area by presenting a better understanding of the distribution and characteristics of naturalized plants through an investigation of the flora present in the Yeongcheon riverside, in Jinju, South Korea. Vascular plants were investigated for a total of 470 taxa, including 90 families, 282 genera, 425 species, one sub-species, 38 varieties, and six forms. Together, these accounted for 9.62% of the vascular plants (4,881 species) in Korea. Gramineae was the most abundant at 77 taxa (16.38%), followed by Cyperaceae at 56 taxa (11.91%), Leguminosae at 33 taxa (7.02%), Cyperaceae at 25 taxa (5.32%), and Rosaceae at 22 taxa (4.86%). Thirty species of indicator plants were surveyed and, among them, annual plants and hemicryptophytes accounted for a significantpercentage. Among ground plants, trees, shrubs, and sub-shrubs were surveyed to include 23 (4.89%), 17 (3.61%), and 14 taxa (2.97%), respectively. Furthermore, 36 aquatic plant taxa were found. Six rare plant taxa were surveyed including Penthorum chinense, Melothria japonica, Aristolochia contorta, Acorus calamus, Millettia japonica, and Magnolia kobus. Floristic special plants comprised 35 taxa,including 26 families, 34 genera, 34 species, and one variety. Plants endemic to Korea included six species. Naturalized plant species comprised 71 taxa, including 18 families, 53 genera, 68 species, and three varieties. The naturalization rate and urbanization index were 15.1% and 22.1%, respectively. Ecological disturbance species in Korea comprised nine taxa, including four families, eight genera, eight species, and one variety. These groups accounted for 64% of the ecological disturbance species in Korea. Ecological disturbance species in Korea tended to increase toward the downstream of Yeongcheon River. In particular, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Sicyos angulatus, which cause human allergies and disrupt the habitats of plants and animals, must be removed artificially.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2016

Two unrecorded naturalized species, Stachys agraria Schltdl. & Cham. and Dracocephalum moldavica L (Lamiaceae), are newly reported in Korea. Stachys agraria and D. moldavica were found at Seogwipo-si on Jeju-do and at ChunChen-si in Gangwondo in Korea, respectively. Stachys agraria is distinguished from other related Korean taxa by corolla of 2.4-5.2 mm long with six to twelve flowers in the node. Its local name is "Ae-gi-seok-jam-pul" based on shorter than longer corollar. Dracocephalum moldavica was distinguishable from other Dracocephalum in Korea by the following combination of characters, oblong to ovate-triangular ($1.7-2.4cm{\times}0.8-1.2cm$) leaves and rough crenate at the margin. This taxon is referred to as 'Hyang-yong-meo-ri' in Korean based on its fragrance. We provide a description, illustrations, photographs, and a key of related taxa in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2007

The vascular plants of the studied area in Keum River lower stream were listed 238 taxa: 74 families, 179 genera, 211 species, 24 varieties and 3 forms. In this, Woody plant were 60 taxa (25.2%), Herb plants were 178 taxa (74.8%) of all 238 taxa vascular plants. Pteridophyta were 4 families, 4 genera, 4 taxa, Gymnospermae were 2 families, 2 genera, 3 taxa and Angiospermae were 68 families, 173 genera, 231 taxa. Based on the list of Korean endemic plant, 2 taxa were recorded; Populus tomentiglandulosa, Forsythia koreana. Specific plant species by floral region were total 7 taxa; Salix siuzevii in class III, 6 taxa (Ainus hirsute, Quercus variabilis, Mallotus japonicus, Plantago camtschatica, Actinostemma lobatum, Sagittaria aginashi) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 14 families, 35 genera, 40 species, 2 varieties, 42 taxa and naturalization rate was 17.6% of all 238 taxa vascular plants. Wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. etatior have been increasing. So, it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.