• Title/Summary/Keyword: Natural substances

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Analysis of Antioxidant Components in Coffee Making Process Using Washed Coffee and Natural Coffee (워시드 커피와 내추럴 커피를 활용한 커피제조 과정에서의 항산화 성분 분석)

  • Shin, Hye-Kyung
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.312-320
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    • 2019
  • This study examines the changes in chlorogenic acid (CGA), an antioxidant, and one of its decomposition substances, caffeic acid, at various roasting stages and extraction conditions. Based on the CGA content for each roasting stage, at $3^{\circ}C$ after the beginning of the $1^{st}$ crack, the CGA decreased for washed beans and natural beans by more than 50% compared to that of green coffees. The CGA continued to decrease sharply by more than 75% at the end of the $1^{st}$ crack for washed beans and at $5^{\circ}C$ after the end of the $1^{st}$ crack for natural beans. At the peak of the $2^{nd}$ crack, it had decreased by more than 90% for both beans. The Caffeic acid content gradually increased for both washed and natural beans, then rapidly increased from the beginning of the $2^{nd}$ crack to the peak of the $2^{nd}$ crack. However, its contents were very small in quantity. Additionally, the content of CGAs for differing extraction conditions were in the order of 3-CGA, Crypto-CGA, and Neo-CGA. Crypto-CGA content was about half that of 3-CGA and Neo-CGA content was approximately 100 ppm less than that of Crypto-CGA. This study was conducted in order to help make coffee that has the most antioxidant effect.

Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of marine sponge extract and HPLC profiling of its components (해면 추출물의 신경세포 보호 및 항염증 활성과 함유 성분의 HPLC 프로파일링)

  • Kim, Da-Eun;Kim, Min-Seon;An, Hye Suck;Lee, Jae Wook;Park, Jin-Soo
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.64 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2021
  • Marine sponges contain pharmacologically attractive substances that exhibit strong cytotoxicity and are used as materials to isolate potential drug candidates. However, with a growing interest in marine ecosystem conservation, it is becoming increasingly difficult to gather a sponge for natural product research. To build a database to cope with this issue, we measured the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of 181 sponge extracts. As a result, we found 17 samples with neuroprotective effects and 14 samples with anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to compare the components contained in each sample, and based on HPLC profiles, a dendrogram according to similarity was created. The results of this study suggested the possibility of discovering the active compounds in the sponge and laid the basis for efficient research on the sponge.

A Study on the Commercial Potential of Natural Dyeing of Functional Lyocell Containing Zinc Oxide (산화아연 함유 기능성 리오셀의 천연염색 상용화 가능성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sojin;Choi, Kyoungmi
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.100-111
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    • 2022
  • After the corona pandemic, when consumers choose clothes, the issue of sustainability has become a more important selection criterion. The eco-friendly functional fiber used in the study is a smartcell, which has functions such as UV protection, decomposition of harmful substances, deodorization, antibacterial and biodegradation. This eco-friendly functional fiber was dyed using five kinds of natural dyes to examine the color change according to dyeability and dyeing conditions. As natural dyes, gardenia, turmeric, sappan wood, lac, and indigo were used. For comparison with smartcell, rayon, a cellulose regenerated fiber, and wool fiber, a protein fiber, were dyed under the same conditions to compare dyeability and color. The study results are as follows. It was found that smartcell had superior dyeability compared to rayon and wool in gardenia dye and showed lower dyeability than wool when dyeing turmeric, sappan wood, and lac dyes, but showed superior or similar dyeability than rayon. In case of indigo dyeing, the dyeability of smartcell was the best when dyed once, but it was found that smartcell had a lower effect on repeated dyeing compared to wool or rayon. Therefore, smartcell has superior dyeability compared to rayon fiber in gardenia, turmeric, sappan wood, and lac dyeing, and in case of indigo dyeing, it is suitable for light dyeing. When smartcell is produced as textile fashion products, natural dyeing is actively introduced and commercialized, and it is hoped that this study can be a reference material.

Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis Extract and Their Application as a Natural Preservative in Livestock Products: A Meta-Analysis

  • Andre, Andre;Arief, Irma Isnafia;Apriantini, Astari;Jayanegara, Anuraga;Budiman, Cahyo
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.280-294
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    • 2022
  • This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of propolis extract as a natural preservative for livestock products in term of chemical and microbiological characteristics by meta-analysis. The stages carried out in this study were identification, selection, checking suitability, and the resulting selected articles were used in the meta-analysis. The selection results obtained a total of 22 selected journal articles consisting of 9 articles for analysis of the antimicrobial activity of propolis extract and 13 articles for analysis of the chemical and mirobiological characteristics of livestock products. The articles were obtained from electronic databases, namely Science Direct and Google Scholar. The model used in this study is the random-effect model involving two groups, control and experimental. Heterogeneity and effect size values were carried out in this study using Hedge's obtained through openMEE software. Forest plot tests and data validation on publication bias was obtained using Kendall's test throught JASP 0.14.1 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between propolis extract with the results of the antimicrobial activity (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the application of propolis extract on the livestock products for the test microbes and the value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) showed significant results (p<0.05). Conclusion based on the random-effect model on the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity of propolis extract and their apllication as a natural preservative of the chemical and microbiological characteristics of livestock products is valid by Kendall's test (p>0.05). Propolis in this case effectively used as natural preservatives in livestock products.

Eco-friendly Control of Whiteflies by Two-Fluid Fogging System with Natural Substances in Greenhouses (이류체 포그시스템 및 천연물을 이용한 친환경적 가루이 방제)

  • Kim, Sung-Eun;Lee, Sang-Don;Lee, Moon-Haeng;Kim, Young-Shik
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.114-119
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    • 2012
  • We have conducted 4 experiments to develop the most environmental and effective use of the two-fluid fog system to prevent and exterminate whiteflies in tomato cultivation. In particular, these experiments used Vitamini tomatoes grown in stand-alone greenhouses at Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station as subjects. Each experiment utilized the fog system in a different way. The first experiment provided the control group, which was subject to the two-fluid fog system without additional humidity control. In the second experiment, the two-fluid fog system controlled the humidity level to be above 70%. The third and the fourth experiment utilized natural substances, which were 1.5 mg/L of Neem Oil and 2 mg/L of Oleic acid respectively, without additional humidity control. From the first experiment, we could observe that a simple use of the two-fluid fog system decreased the density of whiteflies in the greenhouses. This impact of the fog system on whiteflies was greater in the second experiment. By comparing the first and the second experiment, we concluded that whiteflies are more effectively prevented by maintaining a higher humidity level via the fog system's smaller water droplets that float in the air for longer time than the standard fog system in rather dry condition. In the third and the fourth experiments, the extermination level was 78% and 76.4% respectively, comparing only 53% in the first experiment without the humidity control. Therefore, using the natural substances in addition to the humidity control increases the extermination effectiveness. Considering the similar results from the 3rd and the 4th experiments, Oleic acid has a greater appeal for its lower price. Using the two-fluid fog system to both control the humidity on a daily basis and spray the substances for occasional extermination would reduce labor cost and increase production in an environmental way.

Study of Philosophical Background of '虛' Described in "Huang Di Nei Jing" ("황제내경(黃帝內經)"의 '허(虛)'와 그 철학적 배경에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Jin-Woo;Hong, Moo-Chang;Bae, Hyun-Su;Shin, Min-Kyu
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.766-783
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    • 2006
  • This study describes philosophical background regarding '虛' in oriental medicine in an effort to understand the relationships among some of the Eastern philosophy in accordance with differentiated meanings in several resources by analyzing examples of '虛' in Huang Di Nei Jing. The various usages of '虛' used in Huang Di Nei Jing are as follows: naming; condition of pulse; emptiness; '太虛' which was referred universal space by Chinese ; insufficiency, lack or scarcity, deficiency ; and the description of vitality, mental faculties. 外丹修煉(training by external substances) had the attitude do that withdraw the death by taking external materials. The meaning of '虛'in 外丹修煉 is similar to that in oriental medicine in terms of deficiency. That is, both 外丹修煉 and the oriental medicine consider that the death and disease are caused by the deficiency of something. However, there also exists difference between 外丹修煉 and the oriental medicine. 外丹修煉 supplements through withdrawal prohibition due to the characteristic of unchangeability and stern or immortal while oriental medicine provides concrete object of deficiency. 精(essence of life), 氣(ki, functional activity), and fe(vitality) not only have been considered as basic component of human body, but they also have been an important subject of health preservation for longevity with health in Taoism and oriental medicine. In oriental medicine, 精 and 氣 have been perceived as physical basis of human body and 神 as controller. 內丹修煉(Training of internal active substances) 掠nds to return to '虛', the early state of life through individual training, and attempts to withdraw death through continuous recurrence. The oriental medicine and 內丹修煉 held great value of 神 among health preservation of 精, 氣, and 神. They seek theoretical basis from philosophical Taoism. However, '虛' in Taoism is different from that in training by internal substances and oriental medicine: '虛' in philosophical Taoism has metaphysical concept which refers overcome of life and death, but '虛' in 內丹修煉 and oriental medicine have empirical concept. '太虛' is considered as formless space where it is emp Dut filled with 氣. It is conceptualized with the premise of the relevant adaptation of human body to natural environment theory referring that the interaction between the heaven and the earth makes changes; all creation is originated , and human is affected by the interaction of the heaven and the earth. Furthermore, in $\ulcorner$運氣七篇$\lrcorner$ (Seven chapters described about the five circuit phases and the six atmospheric influences), the expression that the earth is in the center of '太虛' and huge amount of 氣 supports it proves that $\ulcorner$運氣七篇$\lrcorner$ adapts '渾天設'(Chaotic universe thee). In Taoism, '虛' is the grounds where all creation is generated in the optimal condition of Tao. As regards the aspect of mentality, it is the condition in which one can free from the dualistic concepts such as right and wrong, beauty and ugliness, life and death, and so on. Although the ultimate goal of oriental medicine, the achievement of longevity without sickness, might contrast with the Taoist belief that perceives life and death as the natural phenomena or the flowing of the 氣, and eliminates all international, the idea of Taoism that one should live substantial life with naivety, and make Harmony with the nature might be influential to the oriental medicine.

The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Green Tea Extract Against Prevotella intermedia (녹차추출물의 잇몸 질환 원인균에 대한 항염증 효능 연구)

  • Min, Dae-Jin;Yi, Sung-Won;Lee, Sung-Hoon;Kim, Seung-Seob;Kim, Chan-Ho;Lee, John-Hwan;Bae, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Han-Kon
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2011
  • Dental bacteria can cause gum diseases, i.e. gingivitis and periodontitis, by inducing inflammation in human gingiva. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent and treat gum diseases is the control of the inflammatory reactions induced by dental bacteria. Almost all present dental care products contain anti-bacterial agents to eliminate dental bacteria. However, recent studies report that even heat-killed dental bacteria can induce the inflammation responses in oral cells. Therefore, the method using anti-bacterial agents should be improved for better anti-inflammatory effect and the effective natural anti-inflammatory substances need to be found. In addition, the mechanisms of gingival inflammation should be elucidated. In this study, we tried to find out the mechanism of the gingival inflammation and effective natural anti-inflammatory substances with human gingival epithelial cells and Prevotella intermedia which is well known as a typical dental bacteria inducing gingivitis and periodontitis. In results, Prevotell intermedia initiated the gingival inflammation response by stimulating gingival epithelial cells to release an inflammatory cytokine, IL-8. Furthermore, the inflammation by Prevotella intermedia is related to COX-2, AP-1, and TNF-${\alpha}$ pathways. Green tea extract could effectively suppress the inflammatory responses induced by Prevotella intermedia. We find out the effective natural substance for the improvement of gum diseases by studying the mechanism of the gingival inflammation induced by dental bacteria.

Integral Antioxidative Capacity of Extracts by Pressurized Organic Solvent from Natural Plants in Jeju (제주 자생식물 고압용매 추출물의 통합적 항산화 능력)

  • Kim, Mi-Bo;Hyun, Sun-Hee;Park, Jae-Sung;Kang, Mi-Ae;Ko, Young-Hwan;Lim, Sang-Bin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.11
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    • pp.1491-1496
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    • 2008
  • Twenty natural plants from Jeju were extracted by pressurized organic solvent (100% methanol, $40^{\circ}C$, 13.6 MPa, 10 min). Extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and integral antioxidant capacity were measured, and each component was identified by GC/MS. Extraction yields were high as 21.8%, 21.5, 21.1, 20.7 and 20.1% in Rhus javanica, Euscaphis japonica, Alnus firma, Sapium japonicum and Sorbus alnifolia, respectively. The extracts containing high TPC (mg GAE/g of dry sample) were obtained from Malus sieboldii (68.3), Sapium japonicum (57.6), Pyrrosia lingua (56.6) and Euscaphis japonica (55.1). Integral antioxidant capacities of water-soluble substances were 598, 394, 293 and $270\;{\mu}mol$ ascorbic acid equivalent/g in Geranium thunbergii, Sapium japonicum, Cornus kousa and Rhus javanica, respectively. Integral antioxidant capacities of lipidsoluble substances were 611, 314, 296 and $242\;{\mu}mol$ trolox equivalent/g in Ardisia crenata, Ostrya japonica, Geranium thunbergii and Quercus acuta, respectively. Fifteen major peaks were identified by GC/MS from the extract of pressurized organic solvent from Sapium japonicum. Two polyphenols (gallic acid (retention time (RT) 19.7 min)) and quercetin (33.5 min)), ascorbic acid (RT 35.3 min), and several fatty acids (retention time 18.6, 21.0, 21.8, 21.9 and 23.6 min) were identified, and gallic acid was the major polyphenol component due to high peak area.

Studies about the bioactive component analysis and an oral glucose tolerance test of Add-Omit-Saenghyeoryunbu-eum(AO-SHU) for confirmation of diabetes therapy (가감생혈윤부음(加減生血潤膚飮)의 당뇨병 치료효과 확인을 위한 생리활성성분 분석과 경구포도당부하 연구)

  • In, Jeongdo;Im, Daisig;Kim, Won-Ill
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.80-99
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : Instrumental chemical analysis was utilized to investigate the effect of Add-Omit-Saenghyeoryunbu-eum(AO-SHU) on diabetic treatment. One of the most exciting, yet also controversial, arguments is the safety and biological mechanisms of the natural medicine on human body. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a better understanding on bioactive chemical components, hazards of heavy metal contamination and biological mechanism of the diabetic medicine composed of 12 different natural herbs. Methods : To study bioactive compound and metallic component in the diabetic medicine in detail, LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass/Mass), GC (Gas Chromatography) and ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) were utilized to characterize the extract of the diabetic medicine and the result was compared with 18 marker substances selected from literature survey. In addition, in vitro assay experiments including GPR 119 activity and human DGAT-1 inhibition, and OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) were performed to verify the effectiveness of this medicine on diabetic treatment. Results : Out of 18 marker substances, 9 bioactive compounds were identified from LC-MS/MS analysis which include Citruline, Catalpol, Berberine, Ginsenoside Rb1, Ginsenoside Rg1, Oleanolic acid, β-Sitosterol, Mangiferin, and Schizandrin. ICP study on 245 residual pesticides revealed that 239 species were not detected but 6 species, Dimethomorph, Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Isoprocarb, Carbaryl and Flubendiamide, while the amounts are trace levels, below permitted concentrations. The biological activity was observed in vitro assay and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT), which are consistent with a preliminary clinical test result, a drop in blood sugar level after taking this herbal medicine. Conclusions : Instrumental chemical analysis using LC-MS/MS, GC, and ICP was conducted successfully to identify bioactive compounds in AO-SHU for the treatment of diabetes, finding 9 bioactive compounds. Furthermore, in vitro assay experiments and OGTT show that AO-SHU has its biological activities, which imply that it can be a candidate for the future diabetes remedy.

Simulation of Transport and Transformation of Nonconservative Pollutants in Natural Streams: Storage-Transformation Model (자연하천에서 비보존성 오염물질의 이동 및 변환 모의: 저장-변환 모형)

  • Seo, Il Won;Yu, Dae Young
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.867-874
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    • 1994
  • The complex nature of low flow transport and transformation of nonconservative pollutants in natural streams has been investigated using a numerical solution of a proposed mathematical model that is based on a pair of mass balance equations describing the advection, dispersion, decay and mass exchange mechanisms in streams and in storage zones. In the present study, a mathematical model (named "Storage-Transformation Model") has been developed to predict adequately the non-Fickian nature of mixing and transformation mechanisms for decaying substances in natural streams under low flow conditions. Comparisons of the computed concentration-time curves with the measured data show that the Storage-Transformation Model yields better agreements in general shape, peak concentration and time to peak than the conventional 1-D dispersion model. The proposed model shows significant improvement over the 1-D dispersion model in predicting natural transport and transformation processes in streams through pools and riffles.

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