• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.745-756
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• 2013

본 연구는 옥상녹화 시 식물유형별 수분요구도에 대한 사항을 사전에 고려하여 저관리, 최소한의 관리로 조성되는 옥상녹화의 지속가능성을 유지하고자 하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 따라서 옥상녹화의 대표적인 식물로 알려진 세덤류 중 애기기린초와 내건성이 강한 일반 초화류 중 상록패랭이가 동일 조건에서 건조에 견디는 저항력과 토양종류별 토양수분감소에 대한 생육변화를 살펴보고자 실험을 수행하였다. 무관수, 무강우 조건에서 30일 경과 후 상록패랭이가 식재된 펄라이트 10cm 토양이 토양 내 수분함량이 가장 적은 것으로 나타났고, 애기기린초가 식재된 인공배합토 20cm의 토양이 다른 토양에 비해 가장 많은 수분함량을 나타냈다. 또한 전반적으로 토양종류와 토심에 관계없이 애기기린초가 식재된 토양구보다 상록패랭이가 식재된 토양실험구의 수분함량이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 상록패랭이의 수분요구도가 애기기린초보다 더 크다는 사실을 증명하는 결과라 할 수 있다. 또한 식물의 생육상태는 펄라이트 토양중에서도 토심이 낮은 10cm, 인공배합토양에서도 20cm 실험구보다 10cm 실험구에서 더 양호한 결과가 도출되었다. 본 실험결과 무강우 무관수 조건에서 토양 종류에 따라 토양수분의 감소패턴에 큰 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 식물 종류에 따라서도 토양수분감소에 따른 수분스트레스 패턴의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 부산항 신항 및 부산항 북항의 해성점토, 김해와 양산을 포함한 낙동강 중·하류, 울산지역에 분포하고 있는 연약한 점토층에 대하여 물성 시험 및 표준압밀시험을 실시한 후 결과를 활용하여 물성 특성 중 시료의 교란 여부와 관계없고 개인별 시험오차 발생이 작은 물성인 함수비를 이용하여 압축지수, 처녀압축지수, 압밀계수, 팽창지수, 2차압축지수 등을 회귀분석하여 상관성과 정확도를 평가하여 함수비로 압밀정수를 평가 및 산정할 수 있는 방안을 검토하였다. 압축지수를 산정하기 위해 물성 시험 중 가장 많이 활용되는 함수비 및 간극비, 액성한계와 상관성을 분석한 결과 액성한계가 가장 낮은 상관성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 현재 자연상태의 함수비를 활용하여 압밀정수를 선형회귀분석한 결과 높은 상관성을 보여 침하량 및 침하시간을 결정할 수 있는 관계식을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과 부산, 경남지역에 분포하고 있는 퇴적 점토층의 지반침하 검토 시 함수비를 이용하여 압밀정수를 평가 및 산정할 수 있는 대안으로 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2006

The sensory characteristics of bread prepared with the addition of Angelica plant(Bakluncho) and Jujube(Daechu) powders were investigated The moisture, crude protein, as reducing sugar and vitamin C content of Angelica plant(Bakluncho) powders were 7.78%, 6.07%, 7.37%, 6.13% and 50.10 mg% respectively, and those of Jujube(Daechu) powders were 11.19%, 4.43%, 2.36%, 14.23% and 49.20 mg% respectively. Lightness value decreased but redness and yellowness values increased with increasing natural pigment powders content. The mechanical hardness of the bread decreased with the addition of 3% Angelica plant(Bakluncho) powders, but increased with the addition of 1% and 5% Angelica plant(Bakluncho) powders. The mechanical hardness of bread decreased with the addition of 1% and 3% Jujube(Daechu) powders, but increased with the addition of 5% Jujube(Daechu) powders. In sensory characteristics, the crust color, mb color, moistness and springiness decreased, but aroma and hardness increased with the increasing natural pigment powders content. The savory taste and overall quality of breads with 1% Angelica plant(Bakluncho) powders and 3% Jujube(Daechu) powders were higher than those of the control without my addition. A negative correlation was observed between Hunter's color value and overall quality of the bread prepared with addition of Angelica plant(Bakluncho) and Jujube(Daechu) powders.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

쌀 품질의 고급화를 위한 벼 수확 후 관리기술체계를 확립하기 위하여 벼 수확을 대형포대 및 콤바인포대로 수확한 후 수분함량 별 야적기간 연장에 따른 쌀 품위 및 품질변화에 미치는 영향을 조사였다. 수확당일 수확시간에 따른 정조의 수분함량은 $23.7{\sim}28.8%$로 수확시간이 늦어질수록 낮았고, 수확 후 건조지연에 따른 정조의 외관변화는 저장포대가 대형인 경우 3일째 정조의 색깔이 변하고 악취가 심하게 발생하였으며 콤바인포대는 4일째부터 색깔이 변하고 악취가 발생하였다. 포대내부의 온도변화는 대형포대는 저장기간이 길어질수록 그리고 수분함량이 높을수록 증가되는 폭이 컸으나 콤바인포대는 수확당시 수분함량에 따라 일정한 비율로 증가되는 경향이었다. 대형포대에 저장된 정조의 수분함량은 저장 2일째부터 증가되었고 수분함량이 높을수록 증가폭이 컸으나 콤바인포대의 경우는 수확 시 수분함량이 적은 경우 약간 감소하는 경향이고 높은 경우는 약간 증가되는 경향이었다. 수확 후 건조가 지연될수록 단백질, 아밀로스함량은 차이가 없으나 지방산은 증가되었고 대형포대가 콤바인포대에 저장된 정조보다 지방산 증가폭이 컸으며 수확 후 건조지연일수나 벼 수확 시 수분함량이 높을수록 현미의 완전미율은 감소되고 청미와 피해립율이 증가되었으며 백미품위 역시 비슷한 경향이었다. 따라서 미질저하를 최소화 할 수 있는 포대종류별 건조지연 한계기는 대형포대가 벼 수확 후 $1{\sim}2$일 이내, 콤바인포대는 $2{\sim}3$일 이내로 추정되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1985

The structure of natural vegetation and soil condition in bog area of Woopo, Changnyeung, South Korea were observed. The vegetations in the investigated area could be classified into two groups; a typical bog vegetation with dominant species of Eleocharis mamillats, Acorus calamus and Persicaria hostatosagittata and the transitional vegetation of three neighboring areas. Interspecific correlation in the investigated area was very close. In the typical bog vegetatiion regions (region II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII and X) soil pH, field moisture capacity, available P content and exchangeable K were moderate. But, In the transitiional area I, with the highest humus content, field moisture capacity and exchangeable K Salix gracilistyla was dominant. In the region IV with the lowest humus and a ailable P content and with high soil pH Geophyta was a major component species. Also Acorus region IX with the lowest content of exchangeable K Therophyta was dominant and plant species was diverse due to weak water influence. The vegetation structure of the region IX was most different from that of the whole vegetation.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2014

Water for crop growth were supplied by irrigation in protected cultivation and these are accumulated in the soil and utilized for crop evapotranspiration. The study for analyzing soil moisture characteristics is necessary for adequate irrigation water and soil water management in protected cultivation. Soil moisture content, irrigation water quantity and meteorological data were monitored to analyze soil moisture increment and extraction characteristics in terms of soil layers and cucumber crop growth stages. In first cropping period, the total amount of irrigation water was 5.07 mm/day, soil moisture increment was 4.82 mm/day and soil moisture extraction was 5.56 mm/day. In second cropping period, the total amount of irrigation water was 4.82 mm/day, soil moisture increment was 4.65 mm/day and soil moisture extraction was 4.73 mm/day. Soil moisture extraction rate from 0 to 75 cm is 90.3 % in first cropping period and 79.1 % in second cropping period. The majority irrigation water were consumed in root zone, however, about 15 % of soil moisture were losses by infiltration in lower soil layer. Soil moisture extraction and extraction pattern of cucumber crop calculated in this study can be utilized as a basic data for irrigation water management in protected cultivation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

We investigated Soil respiration in Bluepine forest of western Bhutan, in relation to soil temperature, moisture content and soil pH and it was aimed at establishing variability in space and time. The Bluepine forest thrives in the typical shallow dry valleys in the inter-montane Bhutan Himalaya, which is formed by ascending wind from the valley bottom, which carries moisture from the river away to the mountain ridges. Stratified random sampling was applied and the study site was classified into top, mid, low slope and further randomized sample of n=20 from 30 m×30 m from each altitude. The overall soil respiration mean for the forest was found 2248.17 CO₂ g yr^-1 and it is ~613.58 C g yr^-1. The RS from three sites showed a marginal variation amongst sites, lower slope (2,309 m) was 4.64 μ mol m^-2 s^-1, mid slope (2,631 m) was 6.78 μ mol m^-2 s^-1 and top slope (3,027 m) was 6.33 μ mol m^-2 s^-1 and mean of 5.92 μ mol m^-2 s^-1, SE=0.25 for the forest. Temporal distribution and variations were observed more pronounced than in the space variation. Soil respiration was found highest during March and lowest in September. Soil temperature had almost inverse trend against soil respiration and dropped a low in February and peak in July. The moisture in the soil changed across months with precipitation and pH remained almost consistent across the period. The soil respiration and soil temperature had significant relationship R²=-0.61, p=0.027 and other variables were found insignificant. Similar relationship are reported for dry season in a tropical forest soil respiration. Soil temperature was found to have most pronounced effect on the soil respiration of the forest under study.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated and compared some chemical properties of Korean natural honeys and sugar-fed honeys for their quality characteristics. The natural honey samples were monofloral from chestnut and acacia flowers, and the sugar-fed honey samples were collected from honeybees feeding on sugar cane and sugar beet. The chemical properties of the honey samples, such as moisture, total protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins, and free amino acids were determined. The moisture content was $18.5{\pm}0.9%$ in natural acacia honey, $17.2{\pm}0.9%$ in natural chestnut honey, $19.6{\pm}0.9%$ in sugar cane-fed honey, and $24.8{\pm}%$ in sugar beet-fed honey. The total protein and ash contents were the highest in natural chestnut honey. Maltose and sucrose were not detected in natural honeys but were detected at 2~7% in sugar-fed honeys. The vitamin, mineral, and free amino acids contents of natural honeys were higher than sugar-fed honeys. The natural chestnut honey is the highest in honeys. These results confirmed that the quality of natural honey was better than that of sugar-fed honey. Also, the vitamin, mineral, and free amino acids contents are potential characteristics for distinguishing between natural and sugar-fed honeys.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 1995

This study aims to examine how the amount of sample and changes in combustible temperature of living branches and leaves treated with high temperature are associated with combustible time of two coniferous trees, Pinus rigida (R) and Larix leptolepis (L), which are the main victims of forest fire. During the first thirty minutes at $80^{\circ}C$, moisture content of R was higher than that of L by 12%, but after four hours, the moisture content was both lowered by 4~5% and turned to highly combustible leaves. With living leaves, the maximal combustible temperature, regardless of heating temperature, turned out to be higher than normal temperature by $67~140^{\circ}C$, and that with living branches, it was higher by $113~207^{\circ}C$. Also, with living leaves (R, L), the duration time of combustion was as follows: 605, 906 seconds at $400^{\circ}C$ and 76, 227 seconds at $600^{\circ}C$, respectively. Concerning the relation between the amount of burnt fuel and maximal temperature, the more the former was, the higher the latter. The total amounts of combustion heat of living branches and living leaves were 1, 121 Cal (20.8%) and 1, 137 Cal (21.4%), respectively. The total amount of combustion heat increased in proportion to the amount of consumed fuel: 100 g of living leaves and branches gave rise to 128 Cal, whereas 300 g did 556 Cal, that was more than three times.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.65-83
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• 1979

Low-temperature drying systems have been extensively used for drying cereal grain such as shelled corn and wheat. Since the 1973 energy crisis, many researches have been conducted to apply solar energy as supplemental heat to natural air drying systems. However, little research on rough rice drying has been done in this area, especially very little in Korea. In designing a solar drying system, quality loss, airflow requirements, temperature rise of drying air, fan power and energy requirements should be throughly studied. The factors affecting solar drying systems are airflow rate, initial moisture content, the amount of heat added to drying air, fan operation method and the weather conditions. The major objectives of this study were to analyze the effects of the performance factors and determine design parameters such as airflow requirements, optimum bed depth, optimum temperature rise of drying air, fan operation method and collector size. Three hourly observations based on the 4-year weather data in Chuncheon area were used to simulate rough rice drying. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the experimental and predicted values of the temperature rise of the air passing through the collector agreed well. 2. Equilibrium moisture content was affected a little by airflow rate, but affected mainly by the amount of heat added, to drying air. Equilibrium moisture content ranged from 12.2 to 13.2 percent wet basis for the continuous fan operation, from 10.4 to 11.7 percent wet basis for the intermittent fan operation respectively, in range of 1. 6 to 5. 9 degrees Centigrade average temperature rise of drying air. 3. Average moisture content when top layer was dried to 15 percent wet basis ranged from 13.1 to 13.9 percent wet basis for the continuous fan operation, from 11.9 to 13.4 percent wet basis for the intermittent fan operation respectively, in the range of 1.6 to 5.9 degrees Centigrade average temperature rise of drying air and 18 to 24 percent wet basis initial moisture content. The results indicated that grain was overdried with the intermittent fan operation in any range of temperature rise of drying air. Therefore, the continuous fan operation is usually more effective than the intermittent fan operation considering the overdrying. 4. For the continuous fan operation, the average temperature rise of drying air may be limited to 2.2 to 3. 3 degrees Centigrade considering safe storage moisture level of 13.5 to 14 perceut wet basis. 5. Required drying time decrease ranged from 40 to 50 percent each time the airflow rate was doubled and from 3.9 to 4.3 percent approximately for each one degrees Centigrade in average temperature rise of drying air regardless of the fan operation methods. Therefore, the average temperature rise of drying air had a little effect on required drying time. 6. Required drying time increase ranged from 18 to 30 percent approximately for each 2 percent increase in initial moisture content regardless of the fan operation methods, in the range of 18 to 24 percent moisture. 7. The intermittent fan operation showed about 36 to 42 percent decrease in required drying time as compared with the continuous fan operation. 8. Drymatter loss decrease ranged from 34 to 46 percent each time the airflow rate was doubled and from 2 to 3 percent approximately for each one degrees Centigrade in average temperature rise of drying air, regardless of the fan operation methods. Therefore, the average temperature rise of drying air had a little effect on drymatter loss. 9. Drymatter loss increase ranged from 50 to 78 percent approximately for each 2 percent increase in initial moisture content, in the range of 18 to 24 percent moisture. 10. The intermittent fan operation: showed about 40 to 50 percent increase in drymatter loss as compared with the continuous fan operation and the increasing rate was higher at high level of initial moisture and average temperature rise. 11. Year-to-year weather conditions had a little effect on required drying time and drymatter loss. 12. The equations for estimating time required to dry top layer to 16 and 1536 wet basis and drymatter loss were derived as functions of the performance factors. by the least square method. 13. Minimum airflow rates based on 0.5 percent drymatter loss were estimated. Minimum airflow rates for the intermittent fan operation were approximately 1.5 to 1.8 times as much as compared with the continuous fan operation, but a few differences among year-to-year. 14. Required fan horsepower and energy for the intermittent fan operation were 3. 7 and 1. 5 times respectively as much as compared with the continuous fan operation. 15. The continuous fan operation may be more effective than the intermittent fan operation considering overdrying, fan horsepower requirements, and energy use. 16. A method for estimating the required collection area of flat-plate solar collector using average temperature rise and airflow rate was presented.