• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.9 no.2 s.18
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• pp.29-36
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to describe the Disaster Management System Development of Enterprise GIS at the Kangwon Province in Korea. This project is included into 'the Kangwon Enterprise GIS 21 plan'. The Division of Disaster Management is in the middle of the 2-year project of the Disaster Management System development, appropriate for business performed at the Departments of Forestry, Culture, Environment, Tourism, etc. At the 1st phase of CIS implementation, for more than half a year we focused on the necessity of management of disasters. In the planning process, we needed long-term information on the whole area of Kangwon. In the assessment and response processes, we needed real-time data from Korean Meteorological Administration and other agencies. All the above information was carefully studied and referred to. ESRI's new GIS technologies solve the natural hazard/disaster problems. For example, hazardous materials routing often needs to be found the least expensive path through a roadway network. In the circumstances given, we can choose the departure point and destination of the vehicle, which carries the materials. It's also possible to minimize overall risk and costs of disaster problems by making a plan of people and possessions evacuation from the disaster area in short time limits. We can meet all the above goals using the latest ESRI's technologies.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2011

Urbanization of the world's population has given rise to more than 450 cities around the world with populations in excess of 1 million (megacity) and more than 25 so-called metacities with populations over 10 million (Brinkhoff, 2010). The United States today has a total resident population of more than 308,500,000 people, with 81 percent residing in cities and suburbs as of mid - 2005 (UN, 2008). Urban meteorology is the study of the physics, dynamics, and chemistry of the interactions of Earth's atmosphere and the urban built environment, and the provision of meteorological services to the populations and institutions of metropolitan areas. While the details of such services are dependent on the location and the synoptic climatology of each city, there are common themes, such as enhancing quality of life and responding to emergencies. Experience elsewhere (e.g., Shanghai, Helsinki, Tokyo, Seoul, etc.) shows urban meteorological support is a key part of an integrated or multi-hazard warning system that considers the full range of environmental challenges and provides a unified response from municipal leaders. Urban meteorology has come to require much more than observing and forecasting the weather of our cities and metropolitan areas. Forecast improvement as a function of more and better observations of various kinds and as a function of model resolution, larger ensembles, predicted probability distributions; Responses of emergency managers, government officials, and users to improved and probabilistic forecasts; Benefits of improved forecasts in reduction of loss of life, property damage, and other adverse effects. A national initiative to enhance urban meteorological services is a high-priority need for a wide variety of stakeholders, including the general, commerce and industry, and all levels of government. Some of the activities of such an initiative include: conducting basic research and development; prototyping and other activities to enable very--short and short range predictions; supporting and improving productivity and efficiency in commercial and industrial sectors; and urban planning for long term sustainability. In addition urban test-beds are an effective means for developing, testing, and fostering the necessary basic and applied meteorological and socioeconomic research, and transitioning research findings to operations. An extended, multi-year period of continuous effort, punctuated with intensive observing and forecasting periods, is envisioned.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.485-492
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• 2014

In regards to natural disasters, vulnerability analysis is a component of the disaster risk analysis with one of its objectives as a basis for planning priority setting activities. The volcano eruption raises many casualties and property in the surrounding area, especially when the volcano located in densely populated areas. Volcanic eruptions cannot be prevented, but the risk and vulnerability can be reduced which involve careful planning and preparations that anticipate a future crisis. The social vulnerability as social inequalities with those social factors can influence the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. This study carried out the methods of Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) to measure the socially created vulnerability of the people living in Merapi proximal hamlets in Central Java, Indonesia that refers to the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the resilience of communities in order to describe and understand the social burdens of risk. Social vulnerability captured here, using a qualitative survey based-data such as interviews to local people with random ages and background to capture the answer vary, also interviews to stakeholders to help define social vulnerability variables. The paper concludes that by constructing the vulnerability index for the hamlets, the study reveals information about the distribution and causes of social vulnerability. The analysis using SoVI confirms that this method works well in ensuring that positive values indicating high social vulnerability and vice versa.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.637-646
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• 2020

The shallow landslide-trigerred debris flow in hillslope catchments is the primary geological phenomenon that drives landscape changes and therefore imposes risks as a natural hazard. In particular, debris flows occurring in urban areas can result to substantial damages to properties and human injuries during the flow and sediment transport process. To alleviate the damages as a result of these debris flow, analytical models for flow and damage prediction are of significant importance. However, the analysis of debris flow model parameters is not yet sufficient, and the analysis of the entrainment, which has a significant influence on the flow process and the damage extent, is still incomplete. In this study, the effects of erosion and erosion process on the flow and the impact area due to the change in the soil parameters are analyzed using Deb2D model, a flow analysis model of debris developed in Korea. The research is conducted for the case of the Mt. Umyeon landslide in 2011. The resulting impacted area, total debris-flow volume, maximum velocity and inundated depth from the Erosion model are compared to the field survey data. Also, the effect of the entrainment changing parameters is analyzed through the erosion shape and depth. The debris flow simulation for the Raemian and Shindong apartment catchment with the consideration of entrainment effect and erosion has been successful. Each parameter sensitivity could be analyzed through sensitivity analysis for the two basins based on the change in parameters, which indicates the necessity of parameter estimation.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2010

Bauxite is a main raw material for the production of alumina and aluminum hydroxide in the processing plant of KC company. It is a NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials), and its waste, red mud, is a TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials). The purpose of the geochemical and mineralogical investigations of the bedrock and soils in and around the plant, a large NORM source, was to provide basic data for measuring the radiation dose and protecting from radioactive hazards. Soils were mixtures of minerals derived from the country rock (quartz, feldspar, mica, kaolin, gibbsite, and sepiolite) and bauxite (hematite, boehmite, and calcite) of open-air storage. Average U and Th contents of the soil samples were 4.7 ppm and 23 ppm, respectively, indicating somewhat Th anomaly. The average concentrations of radionuclides are $^{40}K$ 100~1,433 Bq/kg, $^{226}Ra$ anomaly in the red mud open-air storage. Soil external hazard indices range from 0.10 to 1.66 with an average of 0.63. Although most of the indices are below 1.0 that is a regulation value, those of 4 samples of total 41 soil samples exceed 1.0, requiring further detailed investigation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2015

This study analyzed recent cases of ship fires explosions and investigated their problems and coping plans. Through analysis on the statistical figures, it was found that our nation's situations of maritime accidents by kind during the period of 2009~2013 showed the ratios of ship accidents caused by fires explosions was the highest in 2012 with 7.58% (55 cases) followed by year 2009 with 3.39% (34 cases), year 2010 with 3.39% (25 cases), year 2011 with 6.03% (57 cases) and year 2013 with 6.74% (43 cases), which indicates a steady increase in the number of ship accidents. Majority of reasons for ship fires explosions were lack of safety awareness. Since those accidents happen on the sea, fires, once they happen, tend to get serious due to absence of on board & nearby fire extinguishing facilities, public fire service's uneasy access to them and great influences of natural factors such as wind and etc. Ship fires explosions are special cases unlike what happens to general edifices. So, their coping plans should focus on preventive measures since the damages those cases bring about can be detrimental. For this reason, it's necessary to research precise evacuation plans, develop ship structure & materials reinforcing fire resistance to secure more time for evacuation and enhance people's safety awareness by implementing thorough safety training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Antimutagenic and in vitro anticancer effects of doenjangs added with green tea extract and/or using bamboo salt were studied by Ames test using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) TA100 and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cells, respectively. At the 1.25 mg/plate concentration, 1% green tea extract (GTE) added doenjang exhibited 85% antimutagenicity against aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$), while the control doenjang revealed 63% antimutagenicity, showing increased antimutagenic effect by the addition of green tea extract during doenjang fermentation. GTE added doenjang also increased antimutagenic effect against MNNG. The inhibition rate of the control doenjang showed 34% at 0.625 mg/plate, while 1% and 2% GTE added doenjangs inhibited by 56% and 73% at the 0.625 and 1.25 mg/plate, respectively (p<0.05). In MTT assay, GTE added doenjangs caused 70% $\sim$ 77% inhibition on the proliferation of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells at 0.5 mg/mL while the control doenjang exhibited 46% inhibition. However, 2% GTE added doenjang showed 91% inhibition at 1.0 mg/mL. The trend of the inhibition rate was similar in DU14S human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. When bamboo salt was used instead of natural sea salt, the antimutagenicity against MNNG and in vitro anticancer effect on the prostate cancer cells greatly increased. From these results, it can be concluded that green tea extract addition to doenjang and the use of bamboo salt during doengjang preparation increased the antimutagenic and in vitro anticancer activities of the doenjang and showed a synergistic effect.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-60
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• 1995

Features of geological lineaments generally play an important role at the data interpretation concerned geological processes, mineral exploration or natural hazard risk estimation. However, there are intrinsically discordances between lineaments-related features extracted from surficial geological syrvey and those from satellite imagery;nevertheless, any data set contained those information should not be considred as less meaningful within their own task. For the purpose of effective utilization task of extracted lineaments, the mathematical scheme, based on fuzzy set theory, for practical integration of various types of rasterized data sets is studied. As a real application, the geological map named Homyeong sheet(1:50,000) and the Landset TM imageries covering same area were used, and then lineaments-related data sets such as lineaments on the geological map, lineaments extracted from a false-color image composite satellite, and major drainage pattern were utilized. For data fusion process, fuzzy membership functions of pixel values in each data set were experimentally assigned by percentile, and then fuzzy algebraic sum operator was tested. As a result, integrated lineaments by this well-known operator are regarded as newly-generated reasonable ones. Conclusively, it was thought that the implementation within available GISs, or the stand-alone module for general applications of this simple scheme can be utilized as an effective scheme can be utilized as an effective scheme for further studies for spatial integration task for providing decision-supporting information, or as a kind of spatial reasoning scheme.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.1-1
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• 2016

Many of the world's large ecosystems are severely stressed due to population growth, water quality and quantity problems, vulnerability to flood and drought, and the loss of native species and cultural resources. Consequences of climate change further increase uncertainties about the future. These major societal challenges must be addressed through innovations in governance, policy, and ways of implementing management strategies. Science and engineering play a critical role in helping define possible alternative futures that could be achieved and the possible consequences to economic development, quality of life, and sustainability of ecosystem services. Science has advanced rapidly during the past decade with the emergence of science communities coalescing around 'Grand Challenges' and the maturation of how these communities function has resulted in large interdisciplinary research networks. An example is the River Experiment Center of KICT that engages researchers from throughout Korea and the world. This trend has been complemented by major advances in sensor technologies and data synthesis to accelerate knowledge discovery. These factors combine to allow scientific debate to occur in a more open and transparent manner. The availability of information and improved communication of scientific and engineering issues is raising the level of dialogue at the science-policy interface. However, severe challenges persist since scientific discovery does not occur on the same timeframe as management actions, policy decisions or at the pace sometimes expected by elected officials. Common challenges include the need to make decisions in the face of considerable uncertainty, ensuring research results are actionable and preventing science being used by special interests to delay or obsfucate decisions. These challenges are explored in the context of examples from the United States, including the California Bay-Delta system. California transfers water from the wetter northern part of the state to the drier southern part of the state through the Central Valley Project since 1940 and this was supplemented by the State Water Project in 1973. The scale of these activities is remarkable: approximately two thirds of the population of Californians rely on water from the Delta, these waters also irrigate up to 45% of the fruits & vegetables produced in the US, and about 80% of California's commercial fishery species live in or migrate through the Bay-Delta. This Delta region is a global hotspot for biodiversity that provides habitat for over 700 species, but is also a hotspot for the loss of biodiversity with more than 25 species currently listed by the Endangered Species Act. Understanding the decline of the fragile ecosystem of the Bay-Delta system and the potential consequences to economic growth if water transfers are reduced for the environment, the California State Legislature passed landmark legislation in 2009 (CA Water Code SS 85054) that established "Coequal goals of providing a more reliable water supply for California and protecting, restoring, and enhancing the Delta ecosystem". The legislation also stated that "The coequal goals shall be achieved in a manner that protects and enhances the unique cultural, recreational, natural resource, and agricultural values of the Delta as an evolving place." The challenges of integrating policy, management and scientific research will be described through this and other international examples.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.265-277
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• 2019

Changes in the amount, intensity, frequency, and type of precipitation, in conjunction with global warming and climate change, critically impact groundwater recharge and associated groundwater level fluctuations. Monthly gravity levels by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) are acquired to monitor total water storage changes at regional and global scales. However, there are inherent difficulties in quantitatively relating the GRACE observations to groundwater level data due to the difficulties in spatially representing groundwater levels. Here three local interpolation methods (kriging, inverse distance weighted, and natural neighbor) were implemented to estimate the areal distribution of groundwater recharge changes in South Korea during the 2002-2016 period. The interpolated monthly groundwater recharge changes are compared with the GRACE-derived groundwater storage changes. There is a weak decrease in the groundwater recharge changes over time in both the GRACE observations and groundwater measurements, with the rate of groundwater recharge change exhibiting mean and median values of -0.01 and -0.02 cm/month, respectively.