• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1993

Suction and discharge valves of special type refrigerant compressor are designed by finite element method for effective valve design development procedure. It is well known that valve dynamic characteristics, for example, the natural frequencies and vibration modes, are necessary for the computer simulation of compressor valve dynamics, the analysis of flow patterns, noise, impact stresses and their propagation phenomena. This paper has analysed the natural frequencies and vibration modes for the first three orders under the given special boundary conditions and the experiments are conducted by laser holography. And also stress distribution is analysed and experiment by strain gage is followed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 1999

In a compartment fire with openings, convective heat transfer consists of natural convection from the hot bodies and forced convection by airflow through the openings. The same finite volume method that was applied to pure natural convection in part I was utilized without modification to the square cavity with two openings. The objective of this study is to investigate effects of the openings on temperature distribution. Flow patterns, temperature distribution and heat transfer were compared for different Rayleigh numbers and with and without the openings.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1019-1030
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• 1994

Natural convection heat transfer from a horizontal ice cylinder immersed in quiescent cold pure water was studied experimentally. The experiment was conducted for the ambient water temperatures ranging from $2.0^{\cric}C$ to $10.0^{\circ}C$. The flow fields around an ice cylinder and its melting shapes were visualized and local Nusselt numbers obtained. Especially, its attention was focused on the density maximum effects and stagnation point Nusselt number. From the visualized photographs of flow fields, three distinct flow patterns were observed with the ambient water temperature variation. The melting shapes of ice cylinder are various in shape with flow patterns. Steady state upflow was occured at the range of $2.0^{\circ}C \leq T_{\infty} \leq 4.6^{\circ}C$ and steady state downflow was occured at $T_{\infty} \geq 6.0^{\circ}C$. In the range of $4.7^{\circ}C < T_{\infty} < 6.0^{\circ}C$, three-dimensional unsteady state flow was observed. Especially, the melting shapes of ice cylinder have formed the several spiral flutes for the temperatures ranging from $5.5^{\circ}C$ to $5.8^{\circ}C$. For upflow regime, the maximum stagnation point Nusselt number exists at $T_{\infty} = 2.5^{\circ}C$ and as the ambient water temperature increases the Nusselt number decreases. At ambient water temperature of about $5.7^{\circ}C$, Nusselt number shows its minimum value.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.1446-1453
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• 2021

In the past, several experimental investigations aiming at characterizing the natural circulation (NC) behavior in test facilities were carried out. They showed a variety of flow patterns characterized by an inverted U-shape of the NC flow curve versus primary mass inventory. On the other hand, attempts to reproduce such curves using thermal-hydraulic system codes, showed 10-30% differences between the measured and calculated NC mass flow rate. Actually, the used computer codes are generally based upon nodalization using single U-tube representation. Such model may not allow getting accurate simulation of most of the NC phenomena occurring during such tests (like flow redistribution and flow reversal in some SG U-tubes). Simulations based on multi-U-tubes model, showed better agreement with the overall behavior, but remain unable to predict NC phenomena taking place in the steam generator (SG) during the experiment. In the current study, the CATHARE code is considered in order to assess a NC characterization test performed in the four loops PKL facility. For this purpose, four different SG nodalizations including, single and multi-U-tubes, 1D and 3D SG inlet/outlet zones are considered. In general, it is shown that the 1D and 3D models exhibit similar prediction results up to a certain point of the rising part of the inverted U-shape of the NC flow curve. After that, the results bifurcate with, on the one hand, a tendency of the 1D models to over-predict the measured NC mass flow rate and on the other hand, a tendency of the 3D models to under-predict the NC flow rate.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.438-444
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• 2015

This study describes the effect of T branch shape on internal flow characteristics inside itself. Continuity and three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation have been used as governing equations for the numerical analysis. The T branch was modeled assuming that it is used for Alaska pipeline project which was planned to provide reliable transportation of natural gas from ANS to Alaska-Yukon border. Therefore the characteristics of T branch and operating condition of pipeline were from report of Alaska pipeline project. The nine T branch shapes were analyzed and the mass flow rate ratio between mainline and branch was assumed to be 0.95 : 0.05, 0.9 : 0.1, 0.85 : 0.15. The results shows that there are typical flow patterns in T branch and the shape of T branch makes some differences to the internal flow of branch rather than mainline.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.714-717
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• 2009

As part of a new riverside development project, various types of bridges and covering bridges were constructed in natural river estuary; and these structures got in the way of the flow of the river, which has resulted in a topographical change in natural river estuary, decrease in the gross sectional area of flow, and rise of water level. As a result, surrounding areas are suffering from damages due to overflowing of river over the bank. This study was designed to provide basic data for efficient design of structures, by examining resistance and characteristics in the surrounding areas of bridges based on changes in the span length ratio.

• Solar Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1987

Natural convection in the annulus between concentric inclined cylinders has been studied by the numerical analysis. Governing equations are numerically solved by means of successive over-relaxation methods for a range in orientation from horizontal to vertical. It is found that flow patterns can also be observed the co-axial double spiral. As the angle of inclination is increased, the center of the eddy is shifted into the lower part of annulus and flow structure is apparently changed. In the present study, the maximum local Nusselt numbers for the inner and outer walls at the vertical cylinder increase more than those at the horizontal cylinder by 71%, 42% respectively. Consequently the effect of inclination on the heat transfer is considerably large.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.463-468
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• 2015

This study describes the effect of upstream curved pipe on internal flow characteristics ball valve. Continuity and three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation have been used as governing equations for the numerical analysis. The upstream curved pipe - ball valve model was assumed that it is used for Alaska pipeline project which was planned to provide reliable transportation of natural gas from ANS to Alaska-Yukon border. Therefore the characteristics of pipe and operating condition of pipeline were from report of Alaska pipeline project. The three curvature and three location of upstream curved pipe were analyzed. The results shows that there are typical flow patterns at ball valve and the upstream curved pipe makes some differences to the internal flow of ball valve.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

The recent trends of high-density and high-rise in apartment housing have caused the problems of decrease in ventilation rates and increase of indoor pollutant contaminants. SHS(Sick House Syndrome) has now become a major issue and threats the health of residents. To solve these indoor air problems, increase in ventilation rate is considered as one of the most efficient approach. Thus, the recent housing development is pursuing improvement in the site design and the layout of apartment building blocks to promote natural ventilation is now investigated as one of the fundamental solutions. This study was focused on the air flow characteristics of outdoor environment in an apartment complex to keep the pollutants out of the site. Age of air and pressure difference have been used as indices of the outdoor air quality. Four different types of apartment building layouts have been analyzed by CFD simulation. This study again selected a real apartment housing complex as a case study model. By analyzing the pressure differences between the front and rear of an apartment building block, the ventilation performance in each individual unit was evaluated, and its impact on ventilation performance is investigated by analyzing the stagnant air around the apartment building blocks. During this process, existing patterns of apartment housing layout have been evaluated, and the most appropriate site layout has been chosen to analyze the outdoor airflow patterns. Based on the analysis of airflow patterns of site layout, the possibilities of improving ventilation performance of an individual apartment housing is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2015

The information of flow regimes continues to be norm in water resource and watershed management, in that stream flow regime is a crucial factor influencing water quality, geomorphology, and the community structure of stream biota. The objectives of this study were to estimate Korean stream flows from landscape variables, classify stream flow gages using hydraulic characteristics, and then apply these methods to ungaged biological monitoring sites for effective ecological assessment. Here I used a linear modeling approach (MLR, PCA, and PCR) to describe and predict seasonal flow statistics from landscape variables. MLR models were successfully built for a range of exceedance discharges and time frames (annual, January, May, July, and October), and these models explained a high degree of the observed variation with r squares ranging from 0.555 (Q95 in January) to 0.899 (Q05 in July). In validation testing, predicted and observed exceedance discharges were all significantly correlated (p<0.01) and for most models no significant difference was found between predicted and observed values (Paired samples T-test; p>0.05). I classified Korean stream flow regimes with respect to hydraulic and hydrologic regime into four categories: flashier and higher-powered (F-HP), flashier and lower-powered (F-LP), more stable and higher-powered (S-HP), and more stable and lower-powered (S-LP). These four categories of Korean streams were related to with the characteristics of environmental variables, such as catchment size, site slope, stream order, and land use patterns. I then applied the models at 684 ungaged biological sampling sites used in the National Aquatic Ecological Monitoring Program in order to classify them with respect to basic hydrologic characteristics and similarity to the government's array of hydrologic gauging stations. Flashier-lower powered sites appeared to be relatively over-represented and more stable-higher powered sites under-represented in the bioassessment data sets.