• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

Rice bran is considered a natural source of antioxidants. In this study, rice bran was fermented with lactic acid bacteria to increase its antioxidant activity. Four strains isolated from fermented food, Lactobacillus plantarum MJM60383, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MJM60392, Lactobacillus fermentum MJM60393, and Lactobacillus paracasei MJM60396, were confirmed as safe through stability tests such as safety assessment for biogenic amine production, hemolytic activity, and mucin degradation, and showed high reducing capacity. The antioxidant activity of rice bran fermentation altered by these strains was evaluated using several methods including measurement of $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity and scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and nitric oxide assays. In this study, the total phenolic content and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to non-fermented rice bran and a commercial product, rice bran fermented with Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MJM60392 showed the highest phenolic content (844.13 mg GAE/g). Moreover, the content of ferulic acids, ${\rho}$-coumaric acid, and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol in rice bran increased after fermentation with L. lactis subsp. lactis MJM60392 and L. fermentum MJM60393 compared to other samples. Indeed, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and NO scavenging activity were also found to be high in these fermented rice brans. These results indicated that fermentation with lactic acid bacteria increases the active compound levels and the potent antioxidant activities of rice bran.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.610-622
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the natural antioxidant activity of raw garlic (RG), aged black garlic (AG), and garlic fermented with Bacillus subtilis (FG) extracts on pork patty lipid oxidation throughout refrigerated storage. The total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity of three different types of garlic extracts were measured. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of AG was significantly higher than that of FG and RG; FG also showed a significantly higher total phenolic content than that of RG (p<0.05). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of AG and FG was significantly higher than that of RG and that of AG was significantly higher than that of FG (p<0.05). To investigate the effect of processed garlic extracts on pork patty lipid oxidation, freeze-dried extracts of RG, FG, and AG were added to the patties at levels of 0.5% (w/w). Patties containing 0.01% (w/w) ascorbic acid (AA) and patties without treatment (CON) were compared with patties containing garlic extracts. The pH value, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value, and volatile basic nitrogen value of pork patties containing AG and FG extracts were significantly decreased compared to the other groups (CON, AA, and RG; p<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that AG and FG extracts possess strong antioxidative activity and can serve as natural antioxidative additives to prevent pork patty lipid oxidation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.895-911
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• 2023

Processed meat products play a vital role in our daily dietary intake due to their rich protein content and the inherent convenience they offer. However, they often contain synthetic additives and ingredients that may pose health risks when taken excessively. This review explores strategies to improve meat product quality, focusing on three key approaches: substituting synthetic additives, reducing the ingredients potentially harmful when overconsumed like salt and animal fat, and boosting nutritional value. To replace synthetic additives, natural sources like celery and beet powders, as well as atmospheric cold plasma treatment, have been considered. However, for phosphates, the use of organic alternatives is limited due to the low phosphate content in natural substances. Thus, dietary fiber has been used to replicate phosphate functions by enhancing water retention and emulsion stability in meat products. Reducing the excessive salt and animal fat has garnered attention. Plant polysaccharides interact with water, fat, and proteins, improving gel formation and water retention, and enabling the development of low-salt and low-fat products. Replacing saturated fats with vegetable oils is also an option, but it requires techniques like Pickering emulsion or encapsulation to maintain product quality. These strategies aim to reduce or replace synthetic additives and ingredients that can potentially harm health. Dietary fiber offers numerous health benefits, including gut health improvement, calorie reduction, and blood glucose and lipid level regulation. Natural plant extracts not only enhance oxidative stability but also reduce potential carcinogens as antioxidants. Controlling protein and lipid bioavailability is also considered, especially for specific consumer groups like infants, the elderly, and individuals engaged in physical training with dietary management. Future research should explore the full potential of dietary fiber, encompassing synthetic additive substitution, salt and animal fat reduction, and nutritional enhancement. Additionally, optimal sources and dosages of polysaccharides should be determined, considering their distinct properties in interactions with water, proteins, and fats. This holistic approach holds promise for improving meat product quality with minimal processing.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2003

The antioxidative activities and biological properties in the EtOAc extracts and purified extracts of Orostachys japonicus were measured by assay of DPPH, xanthine/xanthine oxidase and mammalian cells(2-12). Scavenging of DPPH radical and inhibition of xanthine/xanthine oxidase of EtOAc extracts were showed the highest activity in the arable land and in September. The S-4 fraction showed the highest activity among the silica-gel column chromatography fractions. LH-4 fraction showed higher activity than the other fractionsins in assay of DPPH and xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Fatty acids and phenolic compounds were identified by GC/MS and main compounds were 1,2,3-benzenetriol, alpha-androsta-7,14-diene in LH-4 fraction. The activities of POD and SOD in samples havested on different habitats were high such as arable land> intermountain> seashore. That of POD and SOD in crude extracts of late stage were higher than early stage. Isozyme bands of crude extracts samplinged in all habitats and all growing stages showed two bands and the signal intensity showed strongly according to passage of growing stage. The purified extracts of LH-4 fraction showed excellent inhibition effect in proliferation of HL-60 cells and markedly suppressed colony formation in mouse fibroblast cells. Dose response between partially purified extracts(400ppm) and negative control did not produced statistically significant reduction in colony formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.769-775
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• 2010

The genus Lespedeza belonging to Leguminosae is an annual or perennial herb, which has been used as a Chinese herbal medicine. Antioxidant activity on DPPH ((1,1)-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals and the contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid were analyzed with 12 methanol extracts from six Lespedeza genus plants with different plant parts. The highest content of total polyphenol was detected in the leaves of Lespedeza$\times$robusta (194.6 mg GAE/g), while the highest content of total flavonoid existed in the aerial part of Lespedeza thunbergii var. intermedia (47.9 mg QE/g). Generally, the amounts of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds were higher in the leaves than in the stems. The $SC_{50}$ value of DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 10.16 to 90.94 ppm, of which the strongest activity was determined in the leaves of L. robusta. Most ABTS radical scavenging activities from the investigated methanol extracts were higher than that of L-ascorbic acid, implying the excellent antioxidant activity. The radical scavenging activity in this study showed high correlation with the amount of total polyphenol rather than that of total flavonoid. These data suggest that the methanol extracts from these Lespedeza spp. could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.387-392
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• 2016

The antioxidant activities of brownish natural dyeing agents, extracted from seven kinds of plants, were tested. Total polyphenol content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and singlet oxygen quenching effect were determined for hot water extracts and floral waters of plants. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activites increased with increasing amounts of the extracts from Uncaria gambir R. and Terminalia chebula R. displayed remarkable scavenging effects at concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL, in comparison with the positive control, ascorbic acid. However, antioxidant effects of the floral water, obtained from steam distillation of tested plants, were inefficient at concentration below 0.2 mg/mL. In particular, the natural dyeing agent effectively suppressed singlet oxygen induced by photosensitizer in in vitro assay systems. The concentrations ($IC_{50}$) required to exert 50% of singlet oxygen were 120 and $190{\mu}g/mL$ for hot water extracts from Uncaria gambir R. and Phellinus linteus, respectively. Among all the tested samples, the Uncaria gambir R. and Phellinus linteus extracts contained higher amount of total phenolic contents. The results suggest that naturally occurring dyeing agents are beneficial as natural antioxidants, encouraging further extensive studies.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.129-133
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• 2015

The antioxidant potentials of ten kinds of medicinal plants used as natural dyeing agents were tested. Among the plant extracts and floral waters that were examined in this study, the antioxidant activities of the DPPH and ABTS radical scavengers increased with increasing amounts of the extracts. The hot-water extracts from Aphis chinensis, Caesalpinia sappan L., Rumex crispus L., and Areca catechu effectively inhibited the DPPH and ABTS radicals at concentration below 0.1 mg/mL. The floral water obtained through steam distillation from Areca catechu, Rubia akane Nakai, Coptis chinensis, and Phellodendron amurense showed relatively valid antioxidant activities. In particular, the natural colorants extracted from Rumex crispus L., Areca catechu, and Aphis chinensis effectively suppressed the photogenerated singlet oxygen induced by a photosensitizer in in-vitro assay systems. The concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of the hot-water Aphis chinensis extract required to exert a 50% reduction effect on DPPH, ABTS, and singlet oxygen were found to be 8.5, 8.0, and $210{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The study results suggest that extracts derived from naturally occurring colorants as well as floral waters could be used as natural antioxidants in the food and health-care industries.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2005

Oxidative stress is an important causative factor in several human chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, mutagenesis, cancer, several neurodegenerative disorders, and the aging process. Phenolics and tannins are reported to be good antioxidants. Anogeissus latifolia (Combretaceae) bark has been used in the Indian traditional systems of medicine for curing a variety of ailments, but scientific validation is not available till date. Hence the present study was undertaken to isolate antioxidant compounds by activity-guided isolation. Inhibtion of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and Xanthine oxidase along with photochemiluminescence assay were used as bioassay for antioxidant activity. Activity guided isolation was carried out using silica column and the compounds were quantified using HPLC. Ethyl acetate and butanol fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity. Bioassay-guided isolation led to isolation of ellagic acid (1) and dimethyl ellagic acid (2) as the main active compounds, which along with gallic acid were quantified by HPLC. Thus we conclude that these three major tannoid principles present in A. latifolia, are responsible for the antioxidant potential and possibly their therapeutic potential.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.151-155
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• 2008

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is regarded to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. In the present study, salad vegetables with a remarkable DPPH radical-scavenging activity were extracted with methanol, and the methanol extracts were evaluated for the inhibition of $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidation of human LDL. Separately, the amount of total phenolics was determined colorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The vegetable extracts, expressing a strong inhibition of LDL oxidation ($IC_{50}$ values, <$100\;{\mu}g/mL$), were from angelica, dandelion, mustard leaf, and water spinach, which contained relatively high level of polyphenol content. Noteworthy, a highly positive correlation was observed between inhibition of LDL oxidation and amount of total polyphenol (p<0.01). Based on these results, it is suggested that salad vegetables, especially angelica, dandelion, and mustard leaf, may be used as easily accessible sources of natural antioxidants, especially in anti-atherosclerosis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.355-361
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• 2013

The present study attempts to evaluate antioxidant activities of extracts from Abeliophyllum distichum. Nakai flower. The samples were collected in Jangyyeon-myeon, Goesan-gun, Korea and extracted with either hot-water or ethyl acetate (EtOAC). In DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity of EtOAC extracts were 93.41%, 98.43%, and 7.38%, while those of hot-water extracts were 86.93%, 41.33% and 47.68% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In ${\varphi}X$-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay, the protective effects of EtOAC and hot-water extracts against oxidative DNA damage were 82% and 17% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Both extracts showed the protective effect of DNA migration by oxidative stress in intracellular DNA migration assay. Both extracts had no cytotoxity in NIH3T3 cells. Several polyphenolic compounds were identified such as 2-methoxy-benzoic acid, vanillic acid, phytol and pulegone by GC/MS. These results indicated that extracts of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai flower showed antioxidant activities and protective activities against oxidative DNA damage and showed the possibility to be used as an effective natural antioxidants.