• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.116-127
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• 2021

Predicting carbon distribution of soil aggregates is difficult due to complexity in organo-mineral formation. This limits global warming mitigation through soil carbon sequestration. Therefore, knowledge of land use effect on carbon stabilization requires quantification of soil mineral cations. The study was conducted to quantify carbon and base cations on soil mineral fractions in Natural Forest, Plantation Forest and Farm Land. Five 0.09 ha were demarcated alternately along 500 m long transect with an interval of 50 m in Natural Forest (NF), Plantation Forest (PF) and Farm Land (FL). Soil samples were collected with soil cores at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm depths in each plot. Soil core samples were oven-dried at 105℃ and soil bulk densities were computed. Sample (100 g) of each soil core was separated into >2.0, 2.0-1.0, 1.0-0.5, 0.5-0.05 and <0.05 mm aggregates using dry sieve procedure and proportion determined. Carbon concentration of soil aggregates was determined using Loss-on-ignition method. Mineral fractions of soil depths were obtained using dispersion, sequential extraction and sedimentation methods of composite soil samples and sieved into <0.05 and >0.05 mm fractions. Cation exchange capacity of two mineral fractions was measured using spectrophotometry method. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and ANOVA at α_0.05. Silt and sand particle size decreased while clay increased with increase in soil depth in NF and PF. Subsoil depth contained highest carbon stock in the PF. Carbon concentration increased with decrease in aggregate size in soil depths of NF and FL. Micro- (1-0.5, 0.5-0.05 and <0.05 mm) and macro-aggregates (>2.0 and 2-1.0 mm) were saturated with soil carbon in NF and FL, respectively. Cation exchange capacity of <0.05 mm was higher than >0.05 mm in soil depths of PF and FL. Fine silt (<0.05 mm) determine the cation exchange capacity in soil depths. Land use and mineral size influence the carbon and cation exchange capacity of Gambari Forest Reserve.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.5-15
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of recycled aggregates (RAs) as a substitute for Sand-Mat material for soft ground improvement in the housing site development. To evaluate the possibility of RAs as a substitute for sand mat material, first of all, the criteria and regulations related with the quality of lateral drain layer were collected and checked. Secondly, both of the properties of RAs were compared with the properties of natural sand for the lateral drain layer. The material properties related to coefficient of permeability, pressure at-rest state and so on satisfied most standards. On the basis of the test results, RAs were used to the construction site as lateral drain layer. Accordingly, if the quality of RAs can be managed well, the application of these RAs as lateral drain layer to replace natural sand was highly effective. Also, based on cost analysis of two materials, RAs are proved to be very competitive.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

In this study, evaluated ware the strength and durability of the vegetated water purification channel concrete to which recycled aggregates, hawang-toh and jute were applied. Box-Behnken method of response surface analysis in statistics was applied to the experimental design. Experimental variables are as follows, recycled coarse aggregates, hawang-toh, blast-furnace slag and jute fiber. In the experiment, conducted were the tests of compressive strength, chloride ion penetration, abrasion resistance and impact resistance the replacement rate effects of the recycled aggregates, blast-furnace slag and hwang-toh on the performance of vegetated water purification channel concrete were analyzed by using the response surface analysis method on the basis of the experimental results. In addition, an optimum mixing ratio of vegetated water purification channel concrete was determined by using the experimental results. The optimum mixing ratio was determined to be in 10.0% recycled coarse aggregates, 60.0% blast-furnace slag, 10.1% hwang-toh and 0.16% jute fiber. The compressive strength, chloride ion penetration, abrasion rate, and impact number of fracture test results of the optimum mixing ratio were 24.1 MPa, 999 coulombs, 10.30 g/mm3, and 20 number, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.2781-2786
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• 2014

Human ${\alpha}_1$-antitrypsin (${\alpha}_1$-AT) is a natural inhibitor of neutrophil elastases and has several dozens of genetic variants. Most of the deficient genetic variants of human ${\alpha}_1$-AT are unstable and cause pulmonary emphysema. However, the most clinically significant variant, Z-type ${\alpha}_1$-AT, exhibits retarded protein folding that leads to accumulation of folding intermediates. These aggregate within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes, subsequently causing liver cirrhosis as well as emphysema. Here, we studied the role of an ER folding assistant protein Cpr5p on Z-type ${\alpha}_1$-AT folding. Cpr5p was induced > 2-fold in Z-type ${\alpha}_1$-AT-expressing yeast cells compared with the wild type. Knockout of CPR5 exacerbated cytotoxicity of Z-type ${\alpha}_1$-AT, and re-introduction of CPR5 rescued the knockout cells from aggravated cytotoxicity caused by the ${\alpha}_1$-AT variant. Furthermore, Cpr5p co-immunoprecipitated with Z-type ${\alpha}_1$-AT and facilitated its protein folding. Our results suggest that protein-folding diseases may be suppressed by folding assistant proteins at the site of causal protein biosynthesis.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.109-116
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• 2020

The study examines the nexus between financial development and economic growth in India during Q1: 1996 to Q3: 2018. This study employs time-series data of real GDP and ratio of broad money to GDP as a proxy for economic and financial development, respectively. The data are obtained from RBI database on the Indian economy. All variables are seasonally adjusted using X12-arima technique and expressed in natural logarithm form. Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) bound test has been used to check for cointegrating relationship of these two variables. Empirical findings suggest that, unlike in the short run, in the long run financial development does impact economic growth positively. Further, a symmetric effect of positive and negative components of financial development is found for the Indian economy, whereas the effect of control variable like exchange rate and trade openness is in consonance with common economic intuition. Exchange rate is in consonance with intuitive economic logic that a fall in exchange rate makes exports cheaper and increases the quantity of export, which improves the balance of payment and leads to a rise in aggregate demand, hence improves economic growth. This paper contributes to the existing literature on India by breaking down financial indicator into positive and negative components to examine the finance-growth relationship.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2020

This paper aims at investigating the effect of crumb rubber size and content on compressive behaviors of concrete under axial compression. Concrete specimens are designed and produced by replacing natural aggregate with crumb rubber content of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and three different sized crumb rubbers (No. 20, No. 40, No. 80 crumb rubber). And the failure mode, compressive strength, elastic modulus, stress-strain curves, peak strain and ultimate strain are experimentally studied. Based on the test results, formulas have been presented to determine the compressive strength, elastic modulus, the relationship between prism compressive strength and cube compressive strength, stress-strain curves and peak strain of crumb rubber concrete (CRC). It is found that the proposed formulas agree well with the test result on the whole, which may be used to practical applications.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.352-356
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• 2007

The effects of food concentration (Chlorella vulgaris) and predator (Pseudorasbora parva) density on the distributional pattern of Daphnia pulex was evaluated in observation chambers. It was found that in the chamber with higher food concentration, Daphnia began to aggregate and formed tighter swarms. The close distance between each individual and distance from the center of swarm were observed in higher food conditions however, this distributional pattern was not seen in the chamber without food. Thus it suggests that the food is necessary for the swarming behavior of Boptnia in natural habitat. The swarming developed regardless of predator existence and the predator density did not affect swarming pattern of Daphnia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.231-235
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• 2007

Stone Industry in our country is classified mainly in view of supply of raw materials ingredients, as follows: Stone-Quarrying Industry who develops the natural resources, Stone Processing Industry who processes the quarried raw ore into construction materials and stone-products, Stony Mountain-Aggregate Industry who supplies the elementary raw materials ingredients to construction section, respectively. Among them, while Stone Processing Industry sells its turnover around billion-Won level per annum per a company, most of other job sites are paltry, adopting less than 10 employees, and it is real state that their working environments are also very coarse. The Noise originated from processing-instrument which generates at such Stone Processing Industry is as so repeatedly reiterating Loud Noise that most of the spot workers are forcedly imposing such dangers as the severe unpleasant feeling and hearing impairments. On this viewpoint, this Research is now analyzing on the frequency characteristics with regard to the Noise that generated from various processing-instruments, and then based on this, in order to grasp the influence of the Loud Noise generating when process the stone materials, this study has ever evaluated it with PSIL and NR. It is considered that such data could be used as the valuable material for establishment of a comfortable working environment hereafter.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1895-1899
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• 2006

Seawater intrusion phenomenons of coastal area happen by natural or artificial factor. For example, density difference of seawater and fresh water, surface of the water change by tidal current, pumping, aggregate picking from mouth of a river, large scale reclamation in water area business etc. This research analyzed effect that groundwater TDS changed by pumping.As a result, it was expose that TDS density increases by sudden inflow of seawater when do pumping up more than $200m^3/day$. Finally, We are expected to prevent calamity by seawater intrusion in coastal area through this study and propose optimum pumping amount to use groundwater safety.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

This paper reports an experimental study into the rheological behaviour of self consolidating concrete (SCC). The investigation aimed at quantifying the impact of the varying amounts of mineral admixtures on the rheology of SCC containing natural sand. Apart from the ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the cementitious materials such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and micro-silica (MS) in conjunction with the mineral admixtures were used in different percentages keeping the mix paste volume and flow of concrete constant at higher atmospheric tempterature ($30^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}C$). The rheological properties of SCC were investigated using an ICAR rheometer with a four-blade vane. The rheological properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) containing different mineral admixtures (MA) were investigated using an ICAR rheometer. The mineral admixtures were fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and micro silica (MS). The results obtained using traditional workability results are compared with those obtained using ICAR rheometer. The instrument ICAR (International Center for Aggregate Research) rheometer employed in the present study for evaluating the rhelogical behaviour of the SCC is found to detect systematic changes in workability, cementitious materials, successfully. It can be concluded that the rheology and the slump flow tests can be concurrently used for predicting the flow behaviours of SCC made with different cementitious materials.