• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.429-440
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Standardized guidelines and reference points for a food security policy are necessary to guarantee that basic social safety nets work properly. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the basic concepts and detailed dimensions of food security, including the potential relevant indicators, and sought to establish standardized well-being baselines. Methods: A literature review and 14 expert roundtable discussions were carried out to analyze and extract the key concepts of food security. After determining these concepts and detailed dimensions of food security, a conceptual framework was modeled. Then, indicators for each local government that could be monitored and evaluated for each sub-area were suggested. Results: The concept of food security was defined as follows: Individuals should be provided with sufficient, safe, and quality food, which should be accessible to the community and available for use to achieve health and well-being. In addition, food security should be ensured sustainably in a changing environment. Four dimensions were suggested while conceptualizing food security. First, sufficient food, which means sufficient food supply in quantity, quality, and safety. Second, equitable food which includes creating environments in which high-quality and safe food can be purchased at an appropriate price and can be provided regardless of the socioeconomic gap. Third, healthy food which should be provided to promote people's health and happiness through the eco-friendly consumption of food. Fourth, sustainable food, which can be supplied in a sustainable manner and as part of an eco-friendly food system that considers the conservation of natural environments. Conclusions: The basic concepts and detailed areas of food security including the potential indicators proposed in this study, may be useful for developing and implementing various policies and programs to support food and nutrition security in the future.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.126-139
• /
• 2023

At present, naked-eye 3D appears more and more commonly on the facades of urban buildings. It brings an incredible visual experience to the audience by simulating the natural 3D 3D space effect. At the same time, it also creates enormous commercial value for city publicity and commercial advertisements. There is much research on naked-eye 3D visual effects, but for right-angle LED screens. Right-angle LED screen's brand-new expression method that has only become popular in recent years, how to convey a realistic naked-eye 3D effect through two LED screens combined at right angles has become a problem worth exploring. To explore the whole design ideas and production process of the naked-eye 3D impact of the right-angle LED screen, this paper is a preliminary study aimed at understanding the performance principle and expression features. Before the case analysis, first, understand the standard virtual 3D space construction techniques. Combining it with the optical illusion phenomenon, according to the expression principle of the naked-eye 3D effect of the right-angle LED screen, it can be summarized into seven expressions: Shadow, Color contrast, Background structure line, Magnify object, Object out of bounds, Object floating, Fusion of picture and background. By analyzing the optical illusion phenomenon used in the case, we summarized the main performance characteristics of the naked eye 3D effect. The emergence of right-angle LED screens breaks the limitation of a single plane of optical illusion art, perfectly combines building facades with naked-eye 3D visual effects, and provides designers with a brand-new creative platform. Understanding its production principles and main expressive features can help designers enter this innovative platform better.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.303-312
• /
• 2022

The natural hydrology and geological conditions of Xintian County was investigated, the development law of regional karst fissures was studied, the groundwater was collected and tested through a large-scale collection of groundwater to obtain the change law of chemical characteristics and water quality characteristics of groundwater, and the water quality evaluation was carried out for the regional karst groundwater in this paper. The results show that, the whole area is dominated by carbonate rock distribution areas, and the distribution of water systems is relatively developed. The strata are distributed from the Lower Paleozoic Cambrian to the Cenozoic Quaternary, and contain multiple first-order folds. The regional karst dynamic action is strong, and many tunnels or caves of different scales were shown, which are conducive to the enrichment of groundwater. Karst groundwater is neutral and alkaline water, the water is clear and transparent with good taste, and meets the national drinking water hygiene standards. The content of toxic trace elements and fluoride in the water source is generally lower than the limit value specified by the national standard and the accumulated toxic heavy metals is never found. The overall water quality is of good quality and suitable for the development and utilization of various purposes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.378-396
• /
• 2022

Several reconstructive methods have been reported to restore the continuity of the aerodigestive tract following resection of pharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. However, high complication rates have been reported after voice prosthesis insertion. In this setting, the ileocolon free flap (ICFF) offers a tubularized flap for reconstruction of the hypopharynx while providing a natural phonation tube. Herein, we systematically reviewed the current evidence on the use of the ICFF for reconstruction of the aerodigestive tract. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Ovid MEDLINE(R). Data on the technical considerations and surgical and functional outcomes were extracted. Twenty-one studies were included. The mean age and follow-up were 54.65 years and 24.72 months, respectively. An isoperistaltic or antiperistaltic standard ICFF, patch flap, or chimeric seromuscular-ICFF can be used depending on the patients' needs. The seromuscular chimeric flap is useful to augment the closure of the distal anastomotic site. The maximum phonation time, frequency, and sound pressure level (dB) were higher with ileal segments of 7 to 15 cm. The incidence of postoperative leakage ranged from 0 to 13.3%, and the majority was occurring at the coloesophageal junction. The revision rate of the microanastomosis ranged from 0 to 16.6%. The ICFF provides a reliable and versatile alternative for reconstruction of middle-size defects of the aerodigestive tract. Its three-dimensional configuration and functional anatomy encourage early speech and deglutition without a prosthetic valve and minimal donor-site morbidity.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.671-677
• /
• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 마감모르타르의 물결합재비가 공동주택 바닥충격음에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 동일한 동탄성계수를 지닌 Expanded Polystyrene(EPS) 완충재와 52 %, 66 %, 72 % 의 물결합재비를 가진 모르타르를 활용하여 뜬바닥구조를 시공하였으며, 표준실험동에서 바닥충격음을 측정하였다. 실험결과, 경량충격음에 있어서는 물결합재비 52 % 일 때, 밀도가 높은 관계로 경량충격음 전달특성이 높게 나타났다. 마감모르타르의 물결합재비가 높아지면 완충재 상부층 질량이 낮아지고, 이로 인해 뜬바닥구조의 고유진동수가 63 Hz 대역으로 이동하게 되면서 중량충격음의 음압레벨이 높게 나타났다. 이를 통하여 마감모르타르의 물결합재비가 중량충격음에 미치는 특성을 규명하였다.

• 광물과 암석
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.227-239
• /
• 2021

자연산 시료의 광물함량을 X-선 분말회절분석에 의하여 실용적이고 효과적으로 정량분석하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 무작위 배향된 분말시료 마운트(randomly oriented powder sample mount)를 최적으로 제작하는 실험을 하였으며, 단일 피크강도를 표준물질과 비교하여 정량분석하는 레퍼런스 강도비(RIR) 방법과 X-선 회절도의 전패턴을 계산하는 리트벨드 방법의 효율성을 비교하는 실험을 수행 하였다. 또한, 비정질 광물이 포함된 시료를 리트벨드 방법에 의하여 정량분석하고 효율성을 검토하였다. 연구결과, 측면 마운팅(side mounting) 방법에 의하여 최적의 무작위 배향(random orientation)에 도달할 수 있었다. 또한, 특정 피크를 사용하는 RIR방법보다는 X-선 회절도의 전패턴을 사용하는 리트벨드 방법이 정량분석에 더 적합하였다. 그러나 어느 방법이든 분석기술 뿐만 아니라 분석자의 숙련된 경험을 필요로 한다. 리트벨드 방법에 의해 비정질 광물도 정량분석할 수 있었으며 분석결과는 지질해석을 가능하게 하였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2022

Objectives: In the epidemiology of communicable diseases, the term epidemic period, also referred to as "wave" is often used in the general and academic milieu. A wave refers to a natural pattern of increase in the number of sick individuals, a defined peak, and then a decline in the number of cases. It implies a pattern of peaks and valleys after a particular peak is taken. The idea of epidemic waves is a useful tool for predicting the course as well as helping to accurately describe an epidemic. However, in many domestic and foreign news as well as in various research results in Korea, most of the reports either had no standard, were inaccurate, had a questionable classification of the period of the epidemic, or the basis for classification of a given wave was not presented. Methods: The author reviewed and organized related literature with epidemic wave. The author made several suggestions of an epidemic wave as follows. Results: To start with, it should be based on the number of incident cases in consideration of the size of the outbreak, then the period from the bottom to the peak and then reaching the next bottom; also, the period over a certain scale based on the number of incident cases; and the period according to the change in the major infection type (mutation-dominant species). In addition, according to the period of change in the vaccination rate (formation of herd immunity), as well as the content and duration of the intervention, that is, classification according to the applied quarantine stage. Furthermore, the classification of epidemic periods by the time-dependent reproduction number or time-varying reproduction number (Rt), and lastly the application of mathematical methodology. Conclusions: Therefore, classifying the epidemic period into generally known and accepted time frames is considered to be a very important task for future research analysis and development of intervention strategies.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2022

Lysimachia christinae Hance was commonly used in Oriental medicine for treating the hepatitis virus, cholecystitis and cholagogic efficiency. According to the previous study, it possesses high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Simultaneous determination analytical method of isolated eight compounds, cynaroside (1), 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethyl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→3)] β-D-glucopyranoside (2), stearylester ricinoleic acid (3), (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) but-3-en-1-yl palmitate (4), 2-hydroxy-24-methoxy-4-tetracosenoic acid (5), 2-hydroxy-24-propoxy-4-tetracosenoic acid (6), β-sitosterol (7), and androst-16-ene-3,6-diol (8) were established by using HPLC-DAD. This HPLC analysis was detected on a Dionex C18 column (5 ㎛, 120 Å, 4.6 mm × 150 mm) at 25℃. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Validation of the method was assessed by linearity, precision and accuracy test. Calibration curve was good at r² > 0.9998. Limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.19 to 8.18 g/ml and Limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.19 to 24.80 g/ml. The relative standard deviations (RSD) values of precision test, intra- and inter- day, were less than 0.99% and 1.0%. The accuracy test results ranged from 98.81% to 106.49% and RSD values were less than 0.95%. These results showed that the HPLC-DAD method was very reliable and accurate for the quantity analysis of eight compounds in L. christinae extract for quality control.

• 현장농수산연구지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2005

1. 일장과 온도의 영향은 자연일장에서 괴경이 600mg, 9시간 단일에서 640mg으로 큰 차이가 없었으나 12시간처리구, 15시간처리구에서는 490, 500mg으로 일장이 영향을 미쳤다. 2. 배양액의 농도가 마의 비대에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 양액은 50% 용액에서 420mg으로 다른 구에 비해 가장 높게 나타났다. 3. 호르몬농도는 NAAl00ppm에서 560mg으로 무처리 및 다른 농도구에 비하여 가장 좋았다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2023

Background: The detectors of both computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DR) have a wide dynamic range that could tolerate high values of exposure factors without an adverse effect on image quality. Therefore, this study aims to assess patient radiation dose and proposes institutional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for two teaching hospitals in Ghana. Materials and Methods: CR and DR systems were utilized in this study from two teaching hospitals. The CR system was manufactured by Philips Medical Systems DMC GmbH, while the DR system was manufactured by General Electric. The entrance skin doses (ESDs) were calculated using the standard equation and the tube output measurements. Free-in-air kerma (µGy) was measured using a calibrated radiation dosimeter. The proposed institutional DRLs were estimated using 75^th percentiles values of the estimated ESDs for nine radiographic projections. Results and Discussion: The calculated DRLs were 0.4, 1.6, 3.4, 0.5, 0.4, 1.1, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.7 mGy for chest posteroanterior (PA), lumbar spine anteroposterior (AP), lumbar spine lateral (LAT), cervical spine AP, cervical spine LAT, skull PA, pelvis AP, and abdomen AP, respectively in CR system. In the DR system, the values were 0.3, 1.6, 3.1, 0.4, 0.3, 0.7, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.3 for chest PA, lumbar spine AP, lumbar spine LAT, cervical spine AP, cervical spine LAT, skull PA, pelvis AP, and abdomen AP, respectively. Conclusion: Institutional DRLs in nine radiographic projections have been proposed for two teaching hospitals in Ghana for the first time. The proposed DRLs will serve as baseline data for establishing local DRLs in the hospitals and will be a valuable tool in optimizing patient doses.