• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.403-407
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• 2013

Fouett$\acute{e}$ turns are repeated pirouettes which begin as a normal pirouette en dehors but include a movement that allows the rotational momentum lost to friction to be regained once each revolution. The purpose of this study was to investigate on orientation density of head/trunk to the front with and without music to which dancers perform the Fouette turn in time. 10 female dancers($21.0{\pm}1.4$ years old, height; $165.3{\pm}3.9$ cm, weight: $50.5{\pm}5.7$ kg) who are the students of S University participated in this study. It took shorter time to perform one revolution of fouette turn with music (930 ms) than without music (961 ms), which reason may be the shorter time of phase 2 in which the rotational momentum is not produced but lost to fiction. Orientation density of trunk to the front was smaller with music (.176) than without music (.196), while the one of head had not significant difference between with and without music. And the path length of marker on $2^{nd}$ left metatarsal bone during one revolution was smaller with music (35.7 cm) than without music (40.2 cm) but the difference was not statistically significant (p=.267).

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.131-157
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• 2014

Special track systems used to divert a train to other directions or other tracks are generally called 'railway turnout'. A traditional turnout system consists of steel rails, switches, crossings, steel plates, fasteners, screw spikes, timber bearers, ballast and formation. The wheel rail contact over the crossing transfer zone has a dip-like shape and can often cause detrimental impact loads on the railway track and its components. The large impact also emits disturbing noises (either impact or ground-borne noise) to railway neighbors. In a brown-field railway track where an existing aged infrastructure requires renewal or maintenance, some physical constraints and construction complexities may dominate the choice of track forms or certain components. With the difficulty to seek for high-quality timbers with dimensional stability, a methodology to replace aged timber bearers in harsh dynamic environments is to adopt an alternative material that could mimic responses and characteristics of timber in both static and dynamic loading conditions. A critical review has suggested an application of an alternative material called fibre-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU). The full-scale capacity design makes use of its comparable engineering characteristics to timber, high-impact attenuation, high damping property, and a longer service life. A field trial to investigate in-situ behaviours of a turnout grillage system using an alternative material, 'fibre-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU)' bearers, has been carried out at a complex turnout junction under heavy mixed traffics at Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia. The turnout junction was renewed using the FFU bearers altogether with new special track components. Influences of the FFU bearers on track geometry (recorded by track inspection vehicle 'AK Car'), track settlement (based on survey data), track dynamics, and acoustic characteristics have been measured. Operational train pass-by measurements have been analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of the replacement methodology. Comparative studies show that the use of FFU bearers generates higher rail and sleeper accelerations but the damping capacity of the FFU help suppress vibration transferring onto other track components. The survey data analysis suggests a small vertical settlement and negligible lateral movement of the turnout system. The static and dynamic behaviours of FFU bearers appear to equate that of natural timber but its service life is superior.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.196-207
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• 2014

This study considers expression types and aesthetic characteristics by analyzing Animal sculptures by Billie Achilleos in art collaboration with Louis Vuitton. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, As for expressin type shown in the art collaboration, it is reflected the historical and cultural value peculiar to a country symbolized through animals. As the aesthetic characteristics of symbolism, it reflects historical identity of country by using an image of a symbolic animal representing a state. Second, as the type shown in physical characteristics of animals by utilizing items in Louis Vuitton directly, it is organically expressed a literal type by directly integrating a form having been designed as a commodity itself into the characteristically physical part of an animal. As the aesthetic characteristics according to this is naturality, the motive of the work having borrowed shapes of diverse animals or insects can be said to have been naturally reflected in the primitive natural beauty. Third, through the deconstruction and recombination of a Louis Vuitton item. the amusement of the aesthetic characteristics was expressed in a type having the structurally embodied dynamic movement of an animal, and is expressing visual fun. Fourth, it uses expression type emphasized a specific part of an animal by decorating accessories in Louis Vuitton partly. The aesthetic characteristics is Ornament, the value of craft decoration is being shown by using colorful visual effects by using materials with the colorful textures and patterns of fabrics or mixing embroidery or beads, and belt decoration.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.44-50
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• 2006

This study has proposed a method of content-based image retrieval using object region in order to overcome disadvantages of existing color histogram methods. The existing color histogram methods have a weak point of reducing accuracy, because these have both a quantization error and an absence of spatial information. In order to overcome this problem, we convert a color information to a HSV space, quantize hue factor being pure color information, and calculate histogram. And then we use hue for retrieval feature that is robust in brightness, movement, and rotation. To solve the problem of the absence of spatial information, we select object region in terms of color feature and region correlation. And we use both the edge and the DC in the selected region for retrieving. As a result of experiment with 1,000 natural color images, the proposed method shows better precision and recall than the existing methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.4 s.161
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

Trees enhance slope stability against down slope mass movement through the removal of soil water by transpiration and by the mechanical reinforcement of their roots. To assess the magnitude of this reinforcement on natural slope stability, direct shear tests were made on dry sand reinforced with different array types of roots. Pinus koraiensis was used as root specimens. The peak shear resistance at each normal stress level was measured on the rooted and unrooted soil specimens. Increased soil resistance(${\Delta}S$) by roots was calculated using parameters like internal friction angle and cohesion of tested soil and also evaluated the effects of root array in tested soil. As results, we find that shear resistance increased in tested soil shear box as diameters and arrayed numbers of root specimen increased and cross root array in tested soil had a much greater reinforcing effect than other root arrays. Comparison of traditional root-soil model with experiments showed that simulated reinforce strength by the model was different with those obtained by the experiment due to its linearity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate how formativeness of shamanism has expressed and developed in modern fashion. Formative expression of shamanism in modern fashion has expressed in the way of on style, color, material and pattern as follows; Style has made animal and human incorporated by expressing abstract animal on the part or whole of costume and it has reconstructed traditional shaman costume into modern costume. Skin colors of living bodies which exist in nature, such as black, blown, yellow and grey, were used to symbolize spirit and low brightness of colors such as blue, white and black were also used to symbolize hyperspace. Artificial materials which imitate animal figure and genuine materials from animal were used. Various natural materials used in traditional shaman costume were also used. Animal patterns and abstract patterns symbolizing the celestial heaven and lower world, and patterns shown on wall painting and rock painting has appeared. The meaning of shamanism in modern fashion can be identified as interchangeable movement of time and space, a cosmic outlook on the world and ration. Spiritually designed costume has made fashion move to hyperspace in spirit trip. Modern fashion with shamanism has expressed its cosmic outlook on the world or universal wish beyond human's real world by patterns such as bird figure which means the celestial heaven and lower world. Corporation and transition of human and animal were symbolized as shaman hypernatural intercourse with designs expressed in costume using a part of animal or animal's characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

Recently, the demand of ultra high-rise building is on the increase in korea due to the rapidly changing movement in economic growth and the expansion of national infrastructure. At the same time, the tendency toward the amount used of concrete has greatly increased every year. In addition, as the seriousness of quantity demanded of aggregate is gathering strength, the active areas of research proceeds to do actively in every place in order to review the usability of crushed sand as a part of the countermeasures. And, it needs to establish the quality standard and service guide, etc. for the practical use. Accordingly, this study was to establish the ratio of water-binder materials as three levels like 23.5, 27.5, and 31.5%, and the replacement ratio as three levels like 0, 50, and 100% in order to define the engineering properties of ultra high-strength concrete using the crushed sand. This study was to examine it after establishing the combined condition by the substitute of the fine aggregate percentage and admixture. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows. 1) The more the replacement ratio of crushed sand and the ratio of water-binder materials increased, the mon the fluidity decreased due to the decrease of irregular grain shape of sand and unit combined discretion. 2) This study found out that 100% of replacement ratio of crushed sand was almost similar level to the compressive strength of concrete using the natural sand.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.673-690
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• 2015

This study is to consider the geographical images of Nakdong River region represented in the Modern Poetry. The findings are as follows. First, the change aspect of the poetry around Nakdong River area shows the social phenomenon of population movement, economic deprivation symptoms, the Korean War, economic development plans, the industrialization and spatial inequalities, environmental problems and environmental poetry, and various environmental issues, etc. Second, the poetry about Nakdong River can be classified by geographical area, showing a humanistic geographical image of the sense of place, natural geographical images about geomorphology and climate, and regional development and environmental pollution. Finally, the large number of poetry describes the beautiful terrain and the sense of place of poet, among ones targeting the upsteam of Nakdong River. The one in middle and downstream areas, however, reflected the reality and was social criticism mostly. This is because that, compares to the upstream, many large cities are distributed in the downstream area and the river becomes increasingly contaminated as it flows to the downstream.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.357-370
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• 2013

The Republican Period of China (1912 to 1949) was when the archetypes of thought (constituting contemporary China) engaged in heated rivalry and were directly influenced by Korea through frequent exchanges. This study analyzes the characteristic of Chinese women's aesthetics towards the human body with a focus on visual materials (such as articles and illustrations concerning hairstyle, makeup, skincare, fashion, and gymnastics) featured in the Chinese women magazines of Fun$\ddot{u}$zazhi (婦女雜誌) and Linglong (玲瓏). This study analyzes these magazines and compares them with Korean counterparts. The movement of the developed and controlled human body was a common characteristic of this period; however, compared to the Chinese, the Japanese colonial period of Korea resulted in an introspective self-examination through excessively objectified eyes. Dress and adornment as the symbol of a new civilization acted as the most remarkable signifier. The overlapping of a western image with a Japanese image led to more resistance in Korea. The criterion for the value of a women's external appearance (that traditionally dualized womanly virtues) collapsed and dress was accepted as an expression of individuality instead of as a social class. The human body was traditionally recognized as a microcosm of the universe that dominated the natural principle of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements. However, the ideal human body was postulated and the aesthetic consciousness of the body changed into an imaginary view of the human body that proceeded to keep the body fit for and gave birth to the concept of supplementing the deficiency of the beauty of the human body with dress and makeup.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hip abductor muscle strength and lumbar instability in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Fifty-two female patients were recruited for this study. The patients' history was recorded and was used to determine the general characteristics of the female complaints. The women were additionally examined to determine whether the level of pain was characteristic of patients with chronic lumbar instability. The following tests were also carried out in the subjects during the examination: 1) the prone instability test. 2) the test for aberrant movement patterns during lumbar flexion test. 3) the straight leg raising test. 4) posterior-to-anterior mobility test, and 5) the test for age and strength of the hip abductor muscle following assessment of the dominant side. In particular, hip abductor muscle strength was evaluated using a dynamometer. Results: The test results showed that the number of positive responses for the five types of lumbar instability tests performed, was significantly related to the strength of the hip abductor muscle. The average hip abductor muscle strength in total subjects was $72.89{\pm}7.66N$, whereas the average hip abductor muscle strength in subjects who showed positive responses to more than four out of the five tests, was $44.70{\pm}5.79N$. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the hip abductor muscle strength and lumbar instability were negatively correlated. The lower was the strength of the hip abductor muscle, the higher was the possibility of lumbar instability.