• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.893-898
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• 2002

To examine the antioxidant activity of grape seed ethanol extract, the antioxidative index (AI) by the active oxygen method (AOM) and peroxide value (POV) of linoleic acids containing the extract at levels of 100, 500, 1000 ppm was measured during storage at 6$0^{\circ}C$ for 12 days. When comparing with BHT, the extract at levels of 500 ppm showed similar or better antioxidant activity (AI: 2.25, POV: 57 meq/kg oil) than that (AI: 1.21, POV:58 meq/kg oil ) of BHT at 200 ppm level. The mixture of 500 ppm of the extract and 500 ppm of ascorbic acid showed intense synergistic antioxidant activity (AI: 6.21, POV: 14 meq/kg oil) compared with using 1000 ppm of the extract only (AI: 3.39, POV 43 meq/kg oil). Also to determine the feasibility of using the extract for natural antioxidant, the oxidative stability of roasted peanut and Ramyon was investigated by measuring the POV of crude oils from the samples stored at 60"C for 18 days. The oxidative stability of roasted peanut and Ramyon seemed to be enhanced by treatment with the extract at level of 1000 ppm, especially with the 1 : 1 mixture of extract and ascorbic acid. This study suggested that grape seed ethanol extract could be used as the natural antioxidant for the improvement of overall oxidation stability of fat containing foods.oods.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2011

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has long history of reputed value and actual use for its medicinal, antimicrobial and pesticidal properties. This study was conducted to find possible developments to natural food preservatives and natural antimicrobials from garlic extracts. The antimicrobial activities of raw garlic extract, heat, pH, temperature against pathogenic bacteria were investigated. E. coli, S. Enteritidis, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus exhibited antimicrobial activities at 20% garlic extract, but no antimicrobial activity was seen in E. faecium. Raw garlic extract and garlic extract heated for 2 min at $95^{\circ}C$ showed strong antimicrobial activities, but the antimicrobial activity of garlic extract heated for 10 min at $95^{\circ}C$ was much less. The antimicrobial activities of 50% garlic extract adjusted pH 4.0~7.0 showed much the same, but the antimicrobial activities decreased at pH 8.0 or higher. The antimicrobial activities by storage $-18^{\circ}C$ of garlic extract showed much the same. When five strains were cultured for 72 hr at $35^{\circ}C$ in the TSB containing 1~10% garlic extract, viable cell number of five strains were decreased to $10^0{\sim}10^4$ CFU/ml even at 1% or 2.5% (E. faecium) after 24 hr, but later increased to $10^4{\sim}10^9$ CFU/ml after 72 hr. When five strains were cultured for 21 day at $4^{\circ}C$ in the TSB containing 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% garlic extract, viable cell number of E. coli, S. Enteritidis, and S. aureus were decreased to $10^3$, $10^0{\sim}10^2$, $10^1{\sim}10^4$ CFU/ml after 21 day, respectively, but L. monocytogenes and E. faecium increased to $10^8$ and $10^6$ CFU/ml after 21 day.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2008

From the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae), eleven flavonoid derivatives and a lignan, were isolated and identified as liquiritigenin (1), daidzein (2), formononetin (3), sophorophenolone (4), calycosin (5), methylnissolin (6), isomucronulatol (7), isomucronulatol 7-O-glucoside (8), methylnissolin 3-O-glucoside (9), calycosin 7-O-glucoside (10), (+)-syringaresinol O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (11), and isomucronulatol 7,2'-di-O-glucoside (12), by spectroscopic methods. This is the second report of the isoflavonoid derivatives sophorophenolone (4) and isomucronulatol 7,2'-di-O-glucoside (12) from a natural source, as well as the first report of compounds liquiritigenin (1), daidzein (2) and (+)-syringaresinol O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (11) from the species A. membranaceus.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.341-343
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• 2004

A monoacyldigalactosyl glycerol was isolated from the $CH_2Cl_2$ soluble fraction of the MeOH extract from the green alga Enteromorpha prolifera. The structure was established as $1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-[{\alpha}-D-galactopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol$ (1) by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-37
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• 2003

We examined methanol extracts prepared from the Korean plants for their inhibitory effects on rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) activity in vitro. Among 41 plant extracts, the extracts of Lagerstroemia indica, Punica granatum, Eurya japonica, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Vitis coignetiae exhibited highest inhibitory potency, even more potent than tetramethylene glutaric acid (TMG), known as one of typical aldose reductase inhibitors $(IC_{50}\;value,\;0.51\;{\mu}g/ml)$. Especially, the extract of Lagerstroemia indica (Lythraceae), exhibited the most inhibitory potency $(IC_{50}\;value,\;0.069\;{\mu}/ml)$ on RLAR.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2009

Column chromatographic separation of the alcoholic extract from the roots of Berberis amurensis yielded eight phenolic constituents including six lignans, hanultarin (1), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (3), (+)-lyoniresinol (5), (+)-syringaresinol (6), (+)-syringaresinol-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (7), liriodendrin (8), and two phenylpropanoids, 4-glucosyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl trans-propenoic ethyl ester (2), trans-ferulic acid (4). The structures were determined on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data. All isolated compounds(1-8) were reported for the first time from this source. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines in vitro using sulforhodamin B bioassay.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of Momordica Charantia L. water extracts, one of the natural chelator, on the biochemical and enzyme activity changes in the rats liver and kidney caused by lead acetate. Rat approximately 250 g in weight were grouped into the control, lead acetate treated, and the Momordica Charantia L. boiling water extracts treated after lead acetate groups. Lead acetate (1,000 ppm) and Momordica Charantia L. water extracts (5%, 10%) were delivered drinking water. Serum AST, ALT and BUN were measured, histological alteration of liver and kidney were examined by light microscopy. Momordica Charantia L. extract group was decreased serum AST, ALT and BUN level induced by lead. Optical observations of liver tissue, lead group were observed necrosis of hepatic cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells, but Momordica Charantia L. extract group was observed only slight infiltration of inflammatory cells around the central vein. Optical observations of kidney tissue, lead acetate induced atrophy and necrosis of glomerulus and infiltration of inflammatory cell around renal tubule. For the group treated with Momordica charantia L. extract, the glomerulus was similar to the control, some around the renal tubule was observed infiltration of inflammatory cells. In conclusion, Momordica Charantia L. water extract may protect the lead-induced toxicity on liver and kidney.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2015

In the present study, we investigated the oral toxicity of Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire, (Zingiberaceae) extract in Balb/c mice (BALB, n=60) for 3 weeks. Balb/c mice (10 mice/group, 6 group, $20{\pm}2g$, 6 weeks) were orally administered for 21 days, with dosage of 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day. Ethanol extract of A. tsao-ko did not affect any significant change of mortality, clinical signs, organs and body weights. Also, there were not significantly difference from the naive group (control) in hematological and serum biochemical examination. Consequently, these findings indicate that 3-week treatment with the ethanol extract of A. tsao-ko was not any toxic effects in Balb/c mice and the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for oral toxicity was determined to be 2000 mg/kg/day under our experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

This study discusses the long-term antifungal effect and antifungal performance of Hwangtoh mortars with various natural antifungal substances on five types of mold: Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullulans, Gliocladium virens, and Penicillium pinophilum, which can be easily detected in the indoors and outdoors of buildings in damp environments. The antifungal performances of various natural antifungal substances extracted from Marjoram, Phytoncide, Thyme, Ginkgo leaves, and Chitosan (oligosaccharide) were investigated on the five types of mold, as a basic experiment. Using the natural antifungal substances selected for the basic experiment, antifungal mortars were made, and their antifungal performance and long-term antifungal effects were also investigated. The results clearly showed that the marjoram extract and their associated mortars had excellent antifungal performance. Also, their long-term antifungal effects were outstanding and at an equivalent level to those of the mortars with organic chemical antifungal agents. The optimum addition rate of the marjoram extract in the mortar was 5% by mass of binder. It was also shown that the phytoncide extract in the mortar needed an addition rate of more than 10% according to the mass of binder, considering the long-term antifungal effect and the antifungal performance.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hair growth effects of a natural herbal ethanol extract, Samhwang-Sasimtang(SS). In case of antioxidant ability of SS, the content of phenolic compounds was 28.44mg/g. The extract showed strong electron donating ability and free radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. SOD-like activity also rose through increasing the concentrations of SS. In order to estimate the hair growth effects, the extract was applied to the back of seven-week-old C57BL/6 male mice ($150{\mu}{\ell}$ a day, five days a week, for four weeks) in four groups (C, control, saline; PC, positive control, 3% minoxidil; E1, experimental 1, 1% SS; E2, experimental 2, 2% SS). Ten mice were assigned to each group and five mice in each group were sacrificed at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. There was no a significant difference in body weight change among experimental groups. In macroscopic observation of hair growth at week 4, the scores of hair growth on the backs of mice were 80, 60, 40 and 20% in the PC, E2, E1 and C groups. In terms of histological observation, the ratio and thickness of hair follicles, the enzyme activities of ALP and ${\gamma}$-GT, immunohistological examination of IGF-1 and VEGF which are the hair growth factors, in each group were significantly high in this order: PC, E2, E1 and C group, at week 4. Meanwhile, hair growth inhibition factors, TGF-${\beta}1$ and Caspase-3, were reduced in PC, E1 and E2 groups compared with C group. These results indicate that SS extract may be effective in promoting hair growth, and suggest that it can be used practically as a superior natural agent for hair growth promotion.