• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 2018

The flow of cooling water in a passive containment cooling system (PCCS), used to remove heat released in design basis accidents from a concrete containment of light water nuclear power plant, was conducted in order to investigate the thermo-fluid equilibrium among many parallel tubes of PCCS. Numerical simulations of the subcooled boiling flow within a coolant loop of a PCCS, which will be installed in innovative pressurized-water reactor (PWR), were conducted using the commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-CFX. Shear stress transport (SST) and the RPI model were used for turbulence closure and subcooled flow boiling, respectively. As the first step, the simplified geometry of PCCS with 36 tubes was modeled in order to reduce computational resource. Even and uneven thermal loading conditions were applied at the outer walls of parallel tubes for the simulation of the coolant flow in the PCCS at the initial phase of accident. It was observed that the natural circulation maintained in single-phase for all even and uneven thermal loading cases. For uneven thermal loading cases, coolant velocity in each tube were increased according to the applied heat flux. However, the flows were mixed well in the header and natural circulation of the whole cooling loop was not affected by uneven thermal loading significantly.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.49-52
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• 2013

An experiment to investigate the natural circulation of a cryogen has been performed. The study is motivated mainly by our recent development of cryogenic cooling system for prototype superconducting cyclotron without any circulating pump. In the natural circulation loop system, a cooling channel is attached on the outer surface of the aluminium block and the liquid nitrogen passes through inside of the channel to cool the block indirectly. A cryocooler as a heat sink is located at the top to re-condense cryogenic vapor coming from the aluminium block in which electrical heater is installed as a heat source. The main dimensions are determined using the relevant analysis and the natural circulation loop is successfully fabricated. The temperature distributions in the loop are measured during initial cool-down process and in steady state, from which the modified Grashof numbers are calculated and compared with the existing correlation estimated with one-dimensional analysis for steady state flow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.148-154
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• 2004

As a rocket propellent of hydrocarbon fuels, the characteristics of liquefied natural gas was evaluated with the viewpoint of the constituents and content, the cooling performance as a coolant, and characteristic velocity and specific impulse as parameters of the engine performance. Content of methane was a principal factor to determine the characteristics as a rocket propellant and more than 90 % of it was needed as a fuel and coolant in the regenerative cooled liquid rocket engine. Some constituents of the liquefied natural gas can be frozen by the pre-cooling of the pipe lines, therefore they can be a factor disturbing the normal working of engine. In case the content of methane is around 90% in the liquefied natural gas, a normalized stoichiometric O/F mixture ratio of 0.75 is suggested for a nominal operation condition to get the maximum specific impulse and characteristic velocity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.953-967
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• 2017

In this paper, a complete station blackout (SBO) or complete loss of electrical power supplies is simulated and analyzed in a downward cooling 5-MW pool-type Material Testing Reactor (MTR). The scenario is traced in the absence of active cooling systems and operators. The code nodalization is successfully benchmarked against experimental data of the reactor's operating parameters. The passive heat removal system includes downward water cooling after pump breakdown by the force of gravity (where the coolant streams down to the unfilled portion of the holdup tank), safety flapper opening, flow reversal from a downward to an upward cooling direction, and then the upward free convection heat removal throughout the flapper safety valve, lower plenum, and fuel assemblies. Both short-term and long-term natural core cooling conditions are simulated and investigated using the RELAP5 code. Short-term analyses focus on the safety flapper valve operation and flow reversal mode. Long-term analyses include simulation of both complete SBO and long-term operation of the free convection mode. Results are promising for pool-type MTRs because this allows operators to investigate RELAP code abilities for MTR thermal-hydraulic simulations without any oscillation; moreover, the Tehran Research Reactor is conservatively safe against the complete SBO and long-term free convection operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.20-26
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• 2019

This study was conducted on cooling systems in which, for the first time at home and abroad, cold water panels are embedded in the walls of small buildings for radiant cooling by heat absorption with cold water. In summer, cold water is circulated through cold water (chiller) circulation tubes embedded in three walls (two side walls and one rear wall) of a building to implement radiant cooling by the coldness of the water. From the results of this study, the experimental and theoretical natural convection heat transfer coefficients were relatively well-matched over the entire experimental range, thereby verifying the reliability of the experimental results. The surface temperature reduction rate of the walls in which cold water panels are embedded was large whereas that of the walls where no cold water panels are embedded was very small.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2012

In the design procedure of the cooling tower the form-finding of the shell is the most important process, because the shape of the shell determines the sensitivity of dynamic behaviour of the whole tower against wind excitation. In engineering practice, geometric parameters of the shell are generally determined based on natural frequency analysis. 32 cooling tower shell geometries were selected through variation of the geometric parameters of an existing cooling tower shell. They were evaluated based on the first natural frequency. From the result three representative cooling towers are selected for the analysis of the structural behaviour by means of linear FE-method. As a result, a hyperbolic rotational shell with the small radius overall will yield the shell geometry with a higher first natural frequency and thus a wind-insensitive structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the cooling characteristics of a heat sink for an LED headlight used in passenger cars. To this end, this study conducts the experimental and numerical analysis of the heat sink heated at constant heat fluxes without air flow applied. In the experiments, heat was transferred at a constant heat flux through the bottom of a heat sink. The measured temperature on pre-selected locations of the heat sink was in good agreement with the numerically predicted one. The experimental and numerical results indicate that the convective heat transfer coefficient for the natural convection mode was decreased by increasing the heat flux applied to the bottom of heat sink, lowering the cooling capabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2018

Cooling the building by natural ventilation is one of the passive methods widely used from ancient times. It can be effectively applied especially in case of cooling load during the intermediate season of the year. In this study, the effect of 4 cases of window ventilation control mode which are 'Always Close', 'Temperature', 'Enthalpy' and 'Always Open' is simulated by Energyplus program and analyzed to improve the comfort of occupants and reduce energy consumption of the school classroom.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2011

The cryogenic cooling load from the top plate of cryostat to liquid helium surface, including wall conduction, thermal radiation and current leads, is investigated in a closed cryostat system for superconducting magnet. In general methods of load estimation, individual load is calculated separately, however they are actually coupled each other because of natural convection of helium vapor. Using relevant heat transfer analysis, we calculate cryogenic load with taking into account the effect of natural convection. Cryogenic load is under-estimated approximately 1% when the natural convection is ignored. The difference between actual cooling load and cooling load by individual calculation increases with supplying current.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

The result of the previous work leads to the idea that the inner area of the hyperbolic shell generator should be minimized for the cooling tower with higher first natural frequency. In this study the inner area of the hyperbolic shell generator was graphically established under varying height of the throat and angle of the base lintel. From the graph, several shell geometries were selected and analysed in the aspect of the natural frequency. Three representative towers reinforced differently due to different first natural frequencies were analysed non-linearly and evaluated using a damage indicator based on the change of natural frequencies. The results demonstrated that the damage behaviour of the tower reinforced higher due to a lower first natural frequency was not necessarily advantageous than the others.