• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose the environmental planning guidelines of elementary school settings for a crime safety. The research methodologies To achieve the goal, the literature review analysis and the survey were used as main research methodologies. The survey is organized as follows. First, elementary education facilities were divided into 20 spaces based on the major space. Second, after analyzing the domestic and foreign CPTED Guidelines, elements of environmental planning were classified to fit in the space. Based on this, the expert survey was conducted. The results of this study are as follows; First, it is necessary to consider specific places such as 'toilets', 'parking lot', 'in-between space', 'main access road', 'sub-access road' and 'harmful facilities around school' for safer school environment. Second, it is significant to plan 'equipment facilities' and 'outdoor space in the school setting' with priority for elementary education environment. Third, environmental planning elements for safer elementary schools can be classified into 9 factors(types) including 'natural surveillance planning', 'territoriality reinforcement planning', 'mechanical surveillance planning', 'access control planning' and 'neighborhood reinforcement planning'. Forth, regarding 'indoor space', crime-free elementary school environment can be build through 'natural surveillance planning' and 'territoriality reinforcement planning'. Finally, regarding 'outdoor space', the crime can be prevented through 'natural surveillance planning' and 'access control planning'.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1612-1621
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• 2007

In this paper, we introduced our designed TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) based MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol for Home Networks called HomeTDMA. We have implemented and tested it in a test bed using crossbow motes and TinyOS. We also have compared HomeTDMA and CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) in terms of space and time complexity, channel access time, delivery success ratio, and throughput. Based on our results, HomeTDMA has an advantage over CSMA on channel access time, throughput and delivery success ratioIn the case of complexity, HomeTDMA is more complex compared to CSMA. Thus, CSMA is more appropriate in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where memory, energy, and throughput are important parameters to be considered. However, HomeTDMA has a natural advantage of collision free medium access and is very promising for home networks where a reliable transmission or data transfer and congestion control is highly preferred.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.233-264
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• 1993

The authorized form is called the heading must be unique and consistent. Without both uniqueness and cosistency, retrieval from the bibliographic database will not be optimal and in some cases may even be impossible. But the authority control is extremely expensive, because it is labour-intensive and dependent on professional investigation and judgement. In fact, it is by far the most expensive function in all of bibliographic control. The processes used to determine the form of access points. maintain. use. and evaluate very accurate authority records reduce the efficiency to generate or merge bibliographic items without modification from any national level bibliographic utilities as well as individual library. In this paper non-authority control system was suggested to solve the disadvantages of authority work. The apparent advantages of the non-authority control system are it is easy to determine the heading, input the bibliographic data. integrate the access points into an existing file, and generate and merge bibliographic data without modification. In addition, non-authority control system can be transmitted into online information retrieval system conducted with a mixture of controlled vocabularies and natural language.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권11호
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• pp.3020-3033
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• 1999

Role-Based Access Control(RBAC) security policy is being widely accepted not only as an access control policy for information security but as both a natural modeling tool for management structure of organizations and flexible permission management framework in various commercial environments. Important functions provided by the current RBAC model are to administrate the information on the components of RBAC model and determine whether user's access request to information is granted or not, and most researches on RBAC are for defining the model itself, describing it in formal method and other important properties such as separation of duty. As the current RBAC model which does not define the definition, design and operation for applications is not suitable for automated information systems that consist of various applications, it is needed that how applications should be designed and then executed based on RBAC security model. In this paper, we describe dynamic properties of session which is taken for a passive entity only activated by users, as a vehicle for building and executing applications in an automated information systems. And, a framework for session-oriented separation of duty property, application design and operation is also presented.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제22호
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• pp.231-258
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• 2010

본 연구는 공동주택 주민의 거주기간, 범죄예방노력을 배경변인으로 하여 만족도 분석과 세분화된 집단의 상호작용을 통해 주민인식 관점에서 범죄로부터 안전한 생활공간 구현과 범죄의 두려움을 극복할 수 있는 CPTED의 설계방안을 도출하는데 있다. 요인분석결과 도출된 전체 집단(Total group) 8개 요인의 만족도지수는 모두 0 이상으로 제시되어 긍정적이며, 꽤 수용할 만한 수준으로 나타났다. 2차 설계집단(Group1) 8개 요인의 만족도지수는 모두 0 이상으로 제시되어 긍정적이며, 기계적 접근통제, 기계적 감시는 꽤 수용 할 만한 수준이고, 나머지 6개차원에서는 적절한 수준을 나타났다. 1 2차 설계집단(Group2)은 8개 요인의 만족도지수는 모두 0 이상으로 제시되어 긍정적으로 나타났으며, 모든 차원에서 꽤 수용 가능한 수준으로 나타난 것을 알 수 있다. Two-way ANOVA를 분석한 결과는 거주기간에 따른 집단의 환경설계의 만족도 차이는 CPTED의 8개 모든 차원에서 1 2차 설계집단의 만족도가 높으며, 거주기간에 따른 만족도는 자연적 접근통제, 자연적 감시의 2년 미만집단에서 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 집단과 거주기간간 교호작용효과는 조직적 접근통제와 자연적 접근통제의 1 2차 설계집단 보다 2차 설계집단에서 2년 미만에서 만족도가 높으며, 나머지 2개의 하위집단에서 1 2차 설계집단이 높게 나타났다. 범죄예방노력에 따른 집단별 만족도 차이는 CPTED의 8개 모든 차원에서 1 2차 설계집단의 만족도가 높으며, 범죄예방노력에 따른 만족도 차이는 2차 설계집단에 '상'집단에서 만족도가 높으며, 교호작용효과는 기계적 접근통제, 조직적 접근통제, 자연적 접근통제, 영역성 강화에서 1 2차 설계집단 보다 2차 설계집단의 '상'집단에서 높으며, 1 2차 설계집단에서 '중'과 '하'집단의 만족도가 높게 나타났다.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2010

From the research which sees the building which uses a natural control method with ecological architecture, continuity tried to divide the building which uses a physical control method with sustainable architecture. Ecological architecture analyzes the microclimate of the area and applies mining and natural ventilation leads and that the interior environment controls, the condition of the site actively and there is a possibility of seeing. Also sustainable architecture which is possible to lead and recycling and reuse of the resources and energy cyclic process of the construction resources to lead and the interior environment to control. Therefore the case where the facility system and structural system become integrated design organically in natural circulating method is many. Specially the sunshade system and double skin system are combined and structural system of the building and there is a possibility of having the envelope which form is feature. Today the buildings lead and the system integration process where the integral parts are systematic is demanded the interior environment which and an external form and that, they make they are there is a possibility of seeing. the environmental building which hits joins in with natural control method and the structure and facility system are integrated and has the tendency which is developed and there is a possibility of saying that a meaning with the alternative construction will be able to reduce the resources and an energy.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.931-941
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• 2020

기계학습을 이용한 자연어처리 기술이 발전하면서 SHNS (Smart Home Network Service)가 다시 주목받고 있다. 그러나 SHNS는 구성 기기의 다양성과 사용자의 가변성 등으로 인하여 표준화된 인증 시스템 적용이 어렵다. 블록체인은 분산 환경에서 데이터 인증을 위한 기술로 제안되고 있지만, 작업증명시스템 구현 시 요구되는 계산 오버헤드 때문에 SHNS에 적용하는데 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 경량화된 작업증명시스템을 제안하였다. 제안하는 경량화된 작업증명시스템은 기기의 작업 권한을 제어함으로써 블록 생성을 관리하도록 제안되었다. 또한 본 논문에서는 이를 기반으로 SHNS의 접근통제 방안을 제안한다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.1246-1256
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• 1998

망관리 시스템의 여러 가지 구성 요소들 중 가장 핵심적인 요소 중의 하나는 망관리에 필요한 정보들인 관리 객체들의 개념적인 저장소인 관리 정보베이스이다. 관리 정보베이스에 저장된 관리 객체들은 망관리에 필수적이며 중요한 모든 정보들을 유지하고 있기 때문에 안전하게 유지되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 접근 제어를 위한 포괄적인 클래스 정의 및 접근 제어 보안 모델을 정의한 ISO/IEC 10164-9 권고안을 바탕으로 기존의 표준 관리 객체 클래스 구조를 명시적 규칙과 묵시적 규칙으로 세분화함으로써 크게 확장 및 보완하였다. 또한 세분화된 접근 제어 규칙에 따라 해당 규칙이 적용되는 절차를 각 접근 제어 정책에 적용하여 봄으로써 접근 제어 규칙 수행의 타당성을 검증하였으며, 접근 제어 시스템의 각 기능과 권고안 및 확장된 모델에 정의된 GDMO의 비정형적인 구조를 명세언어 Z를 이용해 정형화된 구조로 표현하였다.

• 수완나부미
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.3-18
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• 2014

With natural resources-terrestrial or coastal-fastly diminishing, governments are now resorting to biodiversity conservation, fast-tracking the introduction of new legislations, as well as the amendment of existing ones, and laying out programs that interpret existing practices and research agendas. This paper examines how biodiversity conservation-in addition to eco-tourism-has become an important symbol of the modernizing state of Sabah, Malaysia. It further examines the effects of biodiversity conservation on state and community management of natural resources, with particular reference to the management of natural resources by the indigenous peoples of Sabah. Citing case studies and focusing on a forest community at Kiau Nuluh, in the district of Kota Belud, Sabah, this paper evaluates strategies used by indigenous groups to maintain access and control over the management of natural resources-and by implication to livelihoods-via ecotourism, making creative alliances with non-government organisations as well as forging cooperation with government agencies which act as custodians of these resources. For a majority of indigenous groups however, the practice of biodiversity conservation has meant reduced and controlled access to natural resources, considering the fundamental issue of the lack of security of tenure to the land claimed under customary rights. New initiatives at recognizing Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs) by international conservation groups provide a means for tenure recognition, for a price, of course. The recognition of ICCAs also faces obstacles arising from developmentalist ideology which upholds that forests are valuable only when converted to other land use, and not left to stand for their intrinsic value.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2014

Despite the enormous technical and economic efforts to improve environmental conditions, currently about 40% of the global population (or 2 billion people) are still lack access to safe water supply and adequate sanitation facilities. Pollution problems and transmission of water- related diseases will continue to proliferate. The rapid population growth and industrialization will lead to a reduction of arable land, thus exacerbating the food shortage problems and threatening environmental sustainability. Natural systems in this context are a transdisciplinary approach which employs the activities of microbes, soil and/or plants in waste stabilisation and resource recovery without the aid of mechanical or energy-intensive equipments. Examples of these natural systems are: waste stabilisation ponds, aquatic weed ponds, constructed wetlands and land treatment processes. Although they require relatively large land areas, the natural systems could achieve a high degree of waste stabilisation and at the same time, yield potentials for waste recycling through the production of algal protein, fish, crops, and plant biomass. Because of the complex interactions occurring in the natural systems, the existing design procedures are based mainly on empirical or field experience approaches. An integrated kinetic model encompassing the activities of both suspended and biofilm bacteria and some important engineering parameters has been developed which could predict the organic matter degradation in the natural systems satisfactorily.