• 생약학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the native Phytolacca insularis in Ulleung Island for their distribution and ecological characteristics. P. insularis, called as "Sum-Ja-Ri-Gong", is very rare plant which is only restricted in Ulleung Island. It is a plant out of 217 endangered plant species designated by the Korea Forest Service (1996). The native sites were discovered several plants in the small communities at the area from 32m to 116m above the sea level in the seashore of Ulleung Island. The average vegetation height of herb layer in the native sites was 0.77m and average coverage percentage of vegetation layer was 75.56%. Average 11.89 species were emerged on a plot. P. insularis has a tendency to emerged with Galium spurium var. echinospermon and Artemisia lavandulaefolia community.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.561-567
• /
• 2011

상록활엽관목으로서 꽃이 화려하고 관상가치가 높으나 멸종위기 수종인 자생만병초와 원예도입종 만병초 품종을 공시하여 내한성의 기작을 잎 운동과 광합성 활성 등의 생리적 반응을 조사하여 구명하고자 하였으며 다음과 같이 요약된다. 월동 후의 엽소 피해 정도로 측정한 내한성 정도는 자생종인 만병초와 홍만병초에서 도입종보다 크게 높았으며, 도입종 중에서도 'Nova Zembla'에서 가장 낮았고, 'Cynosure'와 'Parker's Pink'는 이보다 다소 높았다. 저온에 의한 엽각의 변화는 자생종과 'Parker's Pink' 품종에서 크게 일어났으며, 'Nova Zembla'와 'Cunningham's White'에서의 변화는 적었다. 저온에 의한 잎말림 현상도 자생종에서 크게 일어났고 도입종은 이들보다 작았으며, 도입종 중에서는 'Parker's Pink'가 다소 컸고 나머지 품종들은 작았다. 자생종의 내한성은 저온에 의한 엽각변화와 잎말림현상이 관여하는 것으로 판단되며, 내한성이 약한 'Parker's Pink'에 있어서는 잎운동 활성과의 관련성이 적어 다른 요인이 관여하고 있는 것으로 생각된다. 내한성이 강한 만병초에서 월동 전 광합성 활성이 높았고 월동 후 광합성활성의 회복이 자생종 및 도입종의 'Cynosure'에서 비교적 빨랐으며, 내한성이 가장 약했던 'Nova Zembla'에서 월동 전 광합성 활성과 월동 후 광합성활성의 회복속도가 가장 낮았다. 기공전도도는 광합성활성과 유사한 경향을 보였으며, 내한성이 강한 자생종에서 월동 후 뿌리로부터 잎으로의 수분이동이 원활하여 엽소현상이 적었고, 월동 후 기공전도도가 가장 낮았고 수분이동에 크게 제한을 받은 'Nova Zembla'에서 엽소현상이 크게 나타난 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로부터 만병초 종에 있어서 월동중의 잎 운동과 월동후의 수분이동 및 광합성에 의해 축적되는 수분스트레스 관련 물질들이 종합적으로 관여하여 엽소현상으로서 나타나는 내한성을 결정하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.563-569
• /
• 2007

RAPD analysis showed that all the OTUs of 'Sandolbae' were the same species because amplified band patterns of all samples generated by each of 5 random primers were identical. Even though there were different environmental conditions, all the "Chuiangne" trees from three different places were the same species, and also all the "Cheongshilli" trees were the same species too. No genetic variations were detected between native Korean pears grown in the habitats and in the research field. Because 212 polymorphic bands were generated by 9 primers selected through primer screening, they were possible to analyze genetic relationship among naturally growing three native Korean pears and nine cultivars of Pyrus pyrifolia and P. communis. Based on the RAPD analysis, three main groups were formed. The first group represented the Six P. pyrifoia cultivars, the second group was the three native Korean pears, and the last group was the three P. communis cultivars. Genetic distance between 'Wonwhang' and 'Chojuro' was closer than other cultivars in group 1 since dissimilarity index value between these two cultivars was 50.82. However, genetic distance between 'Niitaka' and 'Chojuro' was the most distant compared to the others in group 1. In group 2, 'Sandlobae' was genetically closer to 'Chuiangne' than 'Cheongshilli' because dissimilarity index value between 'Sandlobae' and 'Chuiangne' was smaller, 50.82, than the value between 'Sandlobae' and 'Cheongshilli', 63.636. In group 3, 'Old Home' was genetically closer to 'Bartlett' than 'Kaiser Alexander(or Bosc)'. Group 3 composed of P. communis cultivars was genetically further than other two groups, P. pyrifolia cultivars and native Korean pears.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2012

Mikania micrantha, a neo-tropical vine, is spreading rapidly in the tropical part of Nepal and is now threatening the rural ecosystem including biodiversity and rural livelihoods. However, no attempt has been made to control the spread of M. micrantha. As a result, the vines are spreading freely and rapidly. After a thorough literature review and assessment of forest management practices, we proposed a manual cutting method, as it suits the Nepalese situation for several reasons: required labor is readily available, as local communities are managing forest patches, and the method does not have any potential adverse effects on non-target native species. Experimental plots were laid out in August 2011 to examine the effectiveness of manual cutting. Two different site types based on canopy coverage were selected and divided into three blocks based on cutting strategy. Four treatments were assigned across the experimental plots following a complete block design. We harvested above-ground biomass according to the assigned treatment. The results suggested that there should be at least two consecutive cuttings within a 3-week interval before flowering, and that three consecutive cuttings resulted in 91% mortality of the vines. In addition, cutting promoted regeneration of native plant species. Employing regular cutting operations can modify understory shade enhancing regeneration of native species, which is a desirable condition to constrain proliferation of M. micrantha. Periodic cuttings reduced the competitiveness of M. micrantha regardless of canopy openness, but native ground cover should be retained.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.151-155
• /
• 2012

Korean freshwater turtles are divided into native turtles, Chinemys reevesii in Geoemydidae, Pelodiscus sinensis in Trionychidae, and imported turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, T. s. scripta, Pseudemys rubriventris and Ocadia sinensis. In this study, we determined the distribution of Korean freshwater turtles based on a field study and literature study, and considered the taxonomic position of unidentified native turtles. The study was carried out between May 2010 and November 2011 during the day time, and the capturing tool used to collect turtles consisted of net and metal frame. C. reevesii and P. sinensis were found in 16 and 11 places, respectively. C. reevesii, which inhabits the Korean peninsula, is a taxonomically controversial species, but it is presumed that the turtle belongs to Mauremys. Moreover recent taxonomic studies of the soft-shell turtle have shown that the Korean native species is P. maackii, and P. sinensis was imported from abroad and has been in the natural habitats of Korea since 1970s. The exterior shape and skeletal form of P. maackii and P. sinensis are nearly similar. However, the skin color and yellow spots on the shell could be used to distinguish the two species.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2022

When free-ranging birds are accidentally killed or die, there may be greater potential for their associated ticks to detach, seek alternate hosts, and become established. We examined 711 carcasses of 95 avian species for ticks at a stopover island of migratory birds in the Republic of Korea where only Ixodes nipponensis and I. persulcatus were previously reported from local mammals and vegetation. A total of 16 ticks, I. turdus and Haemaphysalis flava, were collected from 8 fresh carcasses belonging to 5 avian species. Despite their known abundance on migratory birds and mainland Korea, these species had not colonized the isolated insular ecosystem possibly due to the low abundance and diversity of local hosts. The results imply that increasing human impact, such as the anthropogenic mortality of migratory birds and the introduction of non-native mammalian hosts, will increase the potential invasion and colonization risk of ticks. This finding also suggests that tick surveillance consisting of fresh carcasses of dead migratory birds may provide additional information, often ignored in surveillance of ticks on live birds, for the potential introduction of non-native ticks and associated pathogens affecting animal and human health.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2003

RAPD를 이용하여 국내에 생육하는 4종의 자생 민들레와 2종의 귀화 민들레 종간의 유전적인 유연관계를 분석하였다 Primer Screening을 통해 선발된 30개의 Primer를 이용하여 RAPD를 행한 결과, Polymorphic band 수는 141개로 나타나 민들레 종간의 유전적인 차이 분석이 가능하였다. Primer OPC12, OPD16, OPK16, OPK17, OPK20, OPSI에서는 각 종마다. 특정 밴드가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 OPS8에서는 564bp에서 귀화종인 서양민들레 종에서만 특이 밴드가 나타났다. RAPD분석결과 자생종과 귀화종 민들레들은 명확히 2군으로 구분되었다. 1군에는 서양민들레. 붉은씨서양민들레 등의 귀화종 그룹이었으며, II군은 민들레, 산민들레, 좀민들레, 횐민들레 등의 자생종 민들레 그룹으로 나뉘어졌다. Bootstrap 방법으로 6종의 유연관계를 분석한 결과도 비유사계수를 통한 방법으로 분석한 결과와 매우 유사하였다 우리 나라에서 자생하는 민들레속 6종의 주요형질을 조사한 결과 I군에 속하는 민들레류는 II군에 속한 종들에 비해 개화일수가 길고, 외총포편의 방향이 다르며 털의 유무 또한 다른 특징이 있었다. ll군에 속하는 횐민들레는 다른 민들레종과는 화색에서 확연한 차이를 보였으며 자생종들 속에서도 잎의 방향과 발아의 생리적 특성 등 유전적으로 여러 다른 점이 복합적으로 작용함으로서 II군내에서도 유전적 거리가 가장 먼 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.437-444
• /
• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of sika deer fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops (hay, silages and straw): 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, Wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (mixed browse, oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hays and straws: 5 species (timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Five sika deer were used as experimental animals and the averaged body weight was 95+5.4kg. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period(p<0.05). The sika deer ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake roughage sources ranking by sika deer was observed like this: browse and fallen leaves (32.2%), grass and legumes (27.0%), native grasses and weeds (22.0%), imported hays (12.9%) and forages crops (5.5%) respectively. Although, the sika deer ate more browse leaves, but ate more roughage which had low fibrous contents (NDF and ADF), but high drymatter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by sika deer was showed as browse and fallen leaves (32.2%). Based on the result, the food habit of sika deer seems to be closer to the typical browser.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 2021

Background: Sika deer, Cervus nippon, were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they were released into the wild during religious events and have since begun to impact the native ecosystem and species endemic to South Korea. The study of activity patterns can improve our understanding of the environmental impact of non-native species and their association with sympatric species. Using camera traps, we studied the diel and seasonal activity patterns of non-native sika deer and quantified the temporal overlap with sympatric mammalian species in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands of Hallasan National Park, South Korea. Results: A total of 970 trap events were recorded for five mammalian species from nine locations during the camera-trap survey. Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) had the highest number of recorded events (72.0%), followed by sika deer (Cervus nippon) (16.2%), wild boar (Sus scrofa) (5.0%), Asian badger (Meles leucurus) (4.5%), and the Jeju weasel (Mustela sibirica quelpartis) (2.0%). Sika deer had bimodal activity patterns throughout the year, with peaks throughout the spring-autumn twilight, and day and night time throughout the winter. Relating the daily activity of sika deer with other mammalian species, roe deer expressed the highest degree of overlap (Δ₄ = 0.80) while the Asian badger demonstrated the lowest overlap (Δ₄ = 0.37). Conclusions: Our data show that sika deer are a crepuscular species with seasonal variations in daily activity patterns. Additionally, we identified the temporal differences in activity peaks between different mammals in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands and found higher degree of overlap between sika deer and roe deer during twilight hours.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.121-134
• /
• 1994

This study was surveyed the vegetation on the 2∼3 walls at 22 districts in Seoul to get basic data for wall planting in urban environment. The results were as follows: 1. 45 families, 90 genera and 113 species were grown on the walls in Seoul and woody wall plants were 30 species(26.5%) and herbaceous plants were 83 species(73.5%). 2. Of 30 woody species, evergreen species were 7(23.3%) and deciduous species were 23(76.7%). 3. Of 83 herbaceous species, annuals were 43(51.8%), biennials 12(14.5%), and perennials 28(33.7%). 4. Climbing wall plants were 28 species(24.8%). 5. 35 species(31.0%) were planted artificially and 78 species(69.0%) were self-grown plants. 6. Of 138 planted walls, 46 walls were covered with Parthenocissus tricuspidata(33.3%), 11 walls Forsythia koreana(8.0%), 9 walls Pharbitis nil(6.5%), 9 walls Wisteria floribunda(6.5%), and 8 walls Rosa multiflora var. platyphlla(5.8%). 7. In the comparison of native and exotic plants on the walls in Seoul, native species were 84(74.3%) and exotic were 29(25.7%).