• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2011

The Echinacea, which has been commonly known as a species of composite herb of dicotyledonous plant, has been used in native American traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases like colds or other infections in North America. We artificially cultured the adventitious roots of Echinacea angustifolia using the bioreactor culture system from Echinacea angustifolia and evaluated the efficacy as a cosmetic ingredient for skin care. Several studies previously have reported neogenesis, wound healing and inflammatory inhibition effect of Echinacea angustifolia but other efficacies were not well known. In the present study, we investigated the cosmetic efficacy to know applicable value of adventitious roots cultured from Echinacea angustifolia as a cosmetic ingredient. The adventitious roots extract of Echinacea angustifolia has superior anti-oxidant effect and matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitory effect, compared to natural Echinacea angustifolia. These results indicate that the adventitious roots extract cultured from Echinacea angustifolia presents a new possibility of being applicable to skin care and anti-wrinkle products as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.214-221
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• 2019

This study suggests basic data for taxonomic research among similar species by observing osteological development of larvae of Hemibarbus longirostris. Newly hatched yolk-sac larvae were 8.10±0.02 mm (n=5) in mean total length, and frontal, parasphenoid, and basioccipital in the cranium were ossified. On the 6 days after hatching, flexion-larvae were 10.9±0.26 mm (n=5) in mean total length, hyomandibular, sympletic, and ectopterygoid in the cranium were ossified. On the 12 days after hatching, post-larvae were 12.2±0.55 mm (n=5) in mean total length, interopercle in operculum region and postclavicle in shoulder girdle bone were ossified. On the 25 days after hatching, post-larvae were 16.1±0.27 mm (n=5) in mean total length, epihyal and interhyal in hyoid arch, two epural in caudal skeleton, interneural processes, and interhaemal processes were ossified. On the 40 days after hatching, juvenile were 27.9±3.74 mm (n=5) in mean total length, all skeletal development completed with hypural bone in the caudal skeleton region fused in three forms (1, 2+3, 4+5).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.85-101
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• 2005

This study was carried out a field survey and review articles to investigate a characteristic of the distribution pattern in Korean endemic Corylopsis coreana. Distribution of Corylopsis coreana was found from Boseung-gun, Gwangyang-si, Suncheon- si, Jeumanl-myeon Goheung-gun, Ganjeon-myeon Gurye-gun, Mt. Cheongwan Jangheung-gun, Nogodan Mt. Jiri in Jeollanam-do, Mt. Cheonhwang Namwon-si and Beamsagol and Banyabong Mt. Jiri, in Jeollabuk-do, Sancheong-gun, hadong-gun and Namhea-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do and Mt. Backun, Pocheon-si in Gyeonggi-do. Total flora in the distribution region of Coryloplsis coreana were recorded as 242 taxa; 70 families, 159 genus, 216 species, 22 varieties, 4 forma. Ratio of taxonomic categories was consisted of Pteridophyte $5.8\%$, Gymnosperm $3.7\%$, Dicotyledon $18.6\%$ and Monocotyledon $71.9\%$. Ratio of Life cycle styles was Annual $1.7\%$ and Perennial $98.3\%$. Ratio of growth habit was appeared to Herb $44.2\%$, Vine $12.4\%$, Shrub $17.8\%$ and Tree $25.6\%$. The distribution region of Corylopsis coreana found to typical type which distribute in N, NE or NE slope. The native Corylopsis coreana of Sinjeonri Sungju-eup in Jellanam-do appeared to a declining tendency which caused by influence of tree lager.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.631-639
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• 2011

This research was conducted to investigate potential use of New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides) as a new vegetable crop which will be cultivating in salt-affected soils including reclaimed land. Traditionally New Zealand spinach has been studied to explore functional compound or salt removing potential. To cultivate the crop species in the salt-affected soil widely, it is essential to obtain salt and soil texture responses under the controlled environment. Fifty nine New Zealand spinach ecotypes native to Korean peninsula first collected over seashore areas, and primitive habitat soil environment was evaluated by analyzing soil chemical properties from 32 locations. Different textures of sandy, silt loam, and sandy loam soils were prepared from nearby sources of sea shore, upland and paddy soils, respectively. Target salinity levels of 16.0 dS/m, 27.5 dS/m, 39.9 dS/m, and 52.4 dS/m in electrical conductivity (ECw) were achieved by diluting of 25, 50, 75, 100% (v/v) sea water to tap water (control, 0.6 dS/m), respectively. Various measurements responding to soil texture and irrigation salinity included plant height, root length, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), leaf parameters (leaf number, leaf length, leaf width), lateral branching, and inorganic ion content. was found to adapt to diverse habitats ranging various soil chemical properties including soil pH, organic matter, exchangeable bases, EC, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in Korea. Responding to soil texture, New Zealand spinach grew better in silt loam and sandy loam soil than in sandy soil. Higher yield (FW and DW) seemed to be associated with branch number (r=0.99 and 0.99, respectively), followed by plant height (r=0.94 and 0.97, respectively) and leaf number (r=0.89 and 0.84, respectively). Plant height, FW, and DW of the New Zealand spinach accessions were decreased with increasing irrigation salinity, while root length was not significantly different compared to control. Based on previous report, more narrow spectrum of salinity range (up to 16 dS/m) needs to be further studied in order to obtain more accurate salinity responses of the plant. As expected, leaf Na content was increased significantly with increasing salinity, while K and Ca contents decreased. Growth responses to soil texture and irrigation salinity implied the potential use of New Zealand spinach as a leafy vegetable in salt-affected soil constructed with silt loam or sandy loam soils.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.162-176
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• 2005

This study was carried out as a field survey and a review of articles to investigate a characteristic of the distribution pattern in Korean endemic Corylopsis coreana. Distribution of Corylopsis coreana was found in Boseung-gun, Gwangyang-si, Suncheon-si, Jeumam-myeon Goheung-gun, Ganjeon-myeon Gurye-gun, Mt, Cheongwan Jangheung-gun, Nogodan Mt. Jiri in Jeollanam-do, Mt. Cheonhwang Namwon-si and Beamsagol and Banyabong Mt. Jiri in Jeollabuk-do, Sancheong-gun, hadong-gun and Namhea-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do and Mt. Backun, Pocheon-si in Gyeonggi-do. Total flora in the distribution region of Coryloplsis coreana was recorded as 242 taxa; 70 families, 159 genus, 216 species, 22 varieties, 4 forma. Ratio of taxonomic categories was consisted of Pteridophyte $5.8\%$, Gymnosperm $3.7\%$, Dicotyledon $18.6\%$ and Monocotyledon $71.9\%$. Ratio of Life cycle styles was Annual $1.7\%$ and Perennial $93.3\%$. Ratio of growth habit was appeared to Herb $44.2\%$, Vine $12.4\%$, Shrub $17.8\%$ and Tree $25.6\%$. The distribution region of Corylopsis coreana found to typical type which distribute in N, NE or NW slope. The native Corylopsis coreana of Sinjeonri Sungju-eup in Jellanam-do appeared to have a declining tendency which was caused by influence of tree lager.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.325-336
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• 2005

The life form, the origin and the time of introduction of those naturalized plants grown in Jeju-Do, korea were grasped by conducting the documentary survey, and the field survey thereof. The naturalized plants were total 199 taxa including 185 species, 12 varieties and 2 cultivar, which belong to 115 genera, 32 families. The classification of families, there were 43 taxa of Compositae ($21.6\%$), 32 taxa of Gramineae ($16.8\%$), 17 taxa of Legumlinosae ($8.5\%$), and 13 taxa of Cruciferae ($6.5\%$). As the life forms of the naturalized plants in Jeju Island were there 91 taxa of annual plants, 31 taxa of biennial plants, 16 taxa of annual or biennial plants, 57 taxa of perennial plants, and 4 taxa of trees. The distribution of the naturalized plants, the were 29 taxa thereof were located in Jeju Island, 20 taxa in Jeju Island as well as in the southern part of Korean Peninsula, 33 taxa in Jeju Island as well as in the central part of Korean Peninsula, and 117 taxa in the entire area of South Korea. As 89 taxa thereof were originated from America, 69 taxa from Europe, 2 taxa from Africa, 22 taxa from Asia, 1 taxa from Oceania, and 16 taxa from other provinces. As 38 taxa thereof had been introduced into Jeju Island before 1921, 23 taxa from 1922 to 1963, and 138 taxa since 1964.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 1981

The field studies on the seasonal population prevalences of the vector mosquito larvae and other aquatic invertebrates were weekly carried out in the rice fields located in front of a village of Kwangtan-samri, Byeogje-myeon, Goyang-gun, Gyeonggido throughout mosquito breeding season (June-September) in 1980, and the results are as follows. The population of C. tritaeniorhynchus larvae increased soon after heavy rainfall, and decreased to some extent during the period of the insecticide application. The seasonal prevalence of A. sinensis was rather stable, not being affected by insecticide pressure at all. The population densities of other aquatic invertebrates in rice fields were seriously suppressed by the pesticide application, and their recovery was not as same as the previous level or not at all: (1) The populations of Odonata and Ephemeroptera nymphs were drastically decreased by the first application of insecticides and never recovered through out season. (2) Coleoptera seemed very susceptible to the insecticide application, as densities were markedly decreased whenever the insecticides were applied. (3) The high density of Hemiptera shown in early June were decreased sharply after the first application of pesticides, and thereasfter, some degree of recovery was shown, but suppressed by successive each application of pesticides. (4) A native species of planaria was exceptionally not influenced by the insecticide pressure, and two peaks of the density were appeared during the heavy rainfall.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2002

To establish the mass propagation methods of Weigela subsessilis,, a promising native plant species for horticultural use, several factors influencing rooting from stem cuttings were evaluated. Softwood cuttings showed best rooting rate, 70~77%, in all the cutting media tested, 2.8 times more than hardwood cuttings in which perlite was best medium. The rooting from hardwood cuttings was promoted by higher concentration of all growth regulators used,500 mg.L$^{-1}$ NAA being the best with 80%. More than 80% of softwood cuttings treated by growth regulators produced roots, especially 100, 500, and 1000mg.L$^{-1}$ NAA producing 97％. Roofings from semi-wood cuttings was enhanced by all the growth regulators, except 1000 mg.L$^{-1}$ concentration in which rooting was reduce. Higher rooting rate was obtained by higher concentration and longer soaking duration of NAA in case of hardwood cutting. Softwood cutting showed 100 ％ rooting by soaking treatment with 500 mg.L$^{-1}$ NAA for 3 min. Rooting rate of semi-hardwood cuttings was promoted by higher concentration and longer soaking with growth regulators, However, the degree of improvement was lower than soft and hardwood cutting.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2010

Phenolic compound contents and scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals in twelve fern species were studied by analysing ultrasonification extraction of dried aerial parts and rhizomes using methanol solvent. Total polyphenol content ranged from 2.97 to 140.1 mg per 1 g dried sample and 0.80 to $49.58\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ fresh sample. Highest polyphenol content was obtained with aerial part of Davallia mariesii and Polystichum lepidocaulon. Total flavonoid content of dried sample was $2.56{\sim}34.91\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and fresh sample $0.71{\sim}11.49\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$. Higher flavonoids were obtained with dried aerial part of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, but with fresh aerial part of P. lepidocaulon. In general, total polyphenol content was higher in rhizomes, except in case of total flavonoid. Scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals was higher with rhizome extracts compared to aerial parts. The rhizome of Polystichum polyblepharum showed highest effects on both radicals. However, the amount of fresh sample for $RC_{50}$ with consideration of water content and extraction yield. P. lepidocaulon aerial part was more advantageous than P. polyblepharum rhizome. All the fern extracts except for the Coniogramme japonica extract demonstrated superior scavenging effects on ABTS radicals, being similar activity of ascorbic acid and BHT.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2012

Coastal sand dunes are important for ecosystems due to the variety of rare species that can be found in this kind of habitat, and the beautiful landscapes they create. For environmental remediation, a potential strategy is phytoremediation using the symbiotic relationship of plants and microbes in the rhizosphere, which has proven ecologically sound, safe, and cost effective. Ninety-five colonies were isolated from the rhizosphere soil (RS) or rhizoplane (RP) of Rorippa islandica, Rumex crispus, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Lilium sp Stellaria media, and Gramineae. These colonies were then tested for plant growth promoting activities (PGPAs) such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, and siderphores synthesis ability. In addition, salt tolerance was evaluated at 4% and 8% salt concentrations. It was observed that amongst the test subjects about 50% of the strains had a high resistance to salinity. Many of them could produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) IAA (in RS 13.9% and in RP 7.6%), exhibited ACC deaminase activity (55.8% in RS and 36.6% in RP), and could synthesize siderphores (62.7% in RS and 50% in RP). Correlation coefficient analyses were carried out for the three kinds of plant growth promoting abilities (PGPA) and salt tolerance. A positive correlation was found between an ability to synthesize siderphores and ACC deaminase activity (r=0.605, p<0.037). Similarly, positive correlations were noted between salt tolerance and ACC deaminase activity (r=0.762, p<0.004, r=0.771), and salt tolerance and an ability to synthesize siderphores (r=0.771, p<0.003).