• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.23.1-23.9
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• 2022

A survival prediction model has recently been developed to evaluate the prognosis of resected nonmetastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on a Cox model using two nationwide databases: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) and Korea Tumor Registry System-Biliary Pancreas (KOTUS-BP). In this study, we applied two machine learning methods-random survival forests (RSF) and support vector machines (SVM)-for survival analysis and compared their prediction performance using the SEER and KOTUS-BP datasets. Three schemes were used for model development and evaluation. First, we utilized data from SEER for model development and used data from KOTUS-BP for external evaluation. Second, these two datasets were swapped by taking data from KOTUS-BP for model development and data from SEER for external evaluation. Finally, we mixed these two datasets half and half and utilized the mixed datasets for model development and validation. We used 9,624 patients from SEER and 3,281 patients from KOTUS-BP to construct a prediction model with seven covariates: age, sex, histologic differentiation, adjuvant treatment, resection margin status, and the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition T-stage and N-stage. Comparing the three schemes, the performance of the Cox model, RSF, and SVM was better when using the mixed datasets than when using the unmixed datasets. When using the mixed datasets, the C-index, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year time-dependent areas under the curve for the Cox model were 0.644, 0.698, 0.680, and 0.687, respectively. The Cox model performed slightly better than RSF and SVM.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.73-99
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• 2023

The dragon is a special imaginary figure created by the people of East Asia. Its archetypes appeared primarily as totemic symbols of different tribes and groups in the region. The formation of early dynasties probably generated the molding of the dragon symbol. Dragon symbols carried deep imprints of nature. They concealed alternative messages of how ancient people at different locations dealt with or interacted with nature. Under pressure to standardize in the medieval and late imperial periods, the popular dragon had to transform physically and ideologically. It became imposed, unified, and framed, conveying ideas of caste classification and power, and losing itsecological implications. The dragon transitioned from a semi-ecological domain into a total social caste system. However, many people considered the "standardized" dragon as the symbol of the oppressor. Because of continuous orthopraxy and calls for imperial reverence, especially under orthopractic agenda and the surveillance of local elites, the popularized dragon was imbued within local artworks or hidden under the sanctity of Buddhas or popular gods in order to survive. Through disguise, the popular dragon partially maintained its ecological narratives. When the imperial dynasties ended in East Asia (1910 in Korea, 1911 in China, 1945 in Vietnam), the dragon was dramatically decentralized. However, trends of re-standardization and re-centralization have emerged recently in China, as the country rises in the global arena. In this newly-emerging "re-orthopraxy", the dragon has been superimposed with a more externally political discourse ("soft power" in international relations) rather than the old-style standardization for internal centralization in the late imperial period. In the contemporary world, science and technology have advanced humanity's ability to improve the world; however, it seems that people have abused science and technology to control nature, consequently damaging the environment (pollution, global warming, etc.). The dragon symbol needs to be re-defined, "re-molded", re-evaluated and reinterpreted accordingly, especially under the newly-emerging lens-the New Confucian "anthropocosmic" view.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.552-560
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• 2023

항공기 공중 충돌사고는 대규모 인명 피해를 초래할 수 있는 위험한 사건이다. 이를 예방하기 위해 민간 항공에서는 TCAS(traffic alert and collision avoidance system) 장착을 의무화하였으며, 새로운 기술의 도움을 받아 더욱 정밀하게 발전하고 있다. 한국에서 개인적으로 TCAS 연구를 위한 데이터를 수집하는데는 절차적인 어려움이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 ADS-B(automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast)와 Mode-S(mode-select)를 활용하면 TCAS RA(resolution advisory)의 정보 획득이 가능하다. ADS-B Exchange와 Opensky-Network에서 보관중인 데이터베이스를 제공받아 연구에 활용하였으며, 3건의 TCAS RA 발생 사례를 시각화하였다. 또한 2023년 전반기 국내 TCAS RA 발생사례를 분류한 후 그 특징을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 ADS-B와 Mode-S 데이터의 유효성을 확인하고, 발전방향을 모색하였다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.953-965
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• 2023

The stratospheric drones are developed to perform missions such as weather observation, communication relay, surveillance, and reconnaissance at 18km to 20km, where climate change is minimal and there is no worry about a collision with aircraft. It uses solar panels for daytime flights and energy stored in batteries for night flights, providing many advantages over existing satellites. The electrical and power systems essential for stratospheric drone flight must ensure reliability, efficiency, and lightness by selecting the optimal circuit topology. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the circuit topology of various types of multi-level inverters with high redundancy that can ensure the reliability and efficiency of the motor driving power required for stable long-term flight of stratospheric drones. By quantifying the switch element voltage drop and the number and weight of inverter components for each topology, we evaluate efficiency and lightness and propose the most suitable circuit topology for stratospheric drones.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권5_3호
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• pp.997-1008
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• 2023

해상의 선박탐지는 다양한 방법으로 수행될 수 있는데, 위성은 광역적인 감시가 가능하고, 특히 합성개구레이더(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) 영상은 주야간 및 전천후로 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 SAR 영상으로부터 효율적인 선박 탐지 방법을 제시하기 위하여, Sentinel-1 영상에 You Only Look Once Version 5 (YOLOv5) 모델을 적용하여 선박 탐지를 수행하고, 편파별 개별 모델과 통합 모델의 차이 및 편파별 정확도 특성을 분석하였다. 파라미터가 작고 가벼운 YOLOv5s와 파라미터가 많지만 정확도가 높은 YOLOv5x 두가지 모델에 대하여 각각 (1) HH, HV, VH, VV 각 편파별로 나누어 학습/검증 및 평가 그리고 (2) 모든 편파의 영상을 사용하여 학습/검증 및 평가를 실시한 결과, 네 가지 실험에서 모두 0.977 ≤ AP@0.5 ≤ 0.998의 비슷하면서 매우 높은 정확도를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 현업시스템의 관점에서 보면, 가벼운 YOLO 모델(YOLOv5s, YOLOv8s 등)로 4개 편파 통합 모델을 구축하는 것이 실시간 선박탐지에 효과적임을 시사하는 것이다. 이 실험에서 사용한 영상은 19,582장이었지만, Sentinel-1 이외에도 Capella, ICEYE 등 다른 SAR 영상을 추가적으로 활용한다면, 보다 더 유연하고 정확한 선박 탐지 모델이 구축될 수 있을 것이다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2009

Purpose: 2-[$^{18}F$]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([$^{18}F$]FDG) particularly plays as a important role in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in nuclear medicine. Domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizers are installed in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) at June 2008, these modules were known that it's synthetic yields were guaranteed in average $45{\pm}5%$ so far. To improve yields and convenience of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer, numerous trials in reaction time, base concentration, pressure and temperature were performed to increase [$^{18}F$]FDG yields. Materials and Methods: Several synthetic factors (temperature, time and pressure) and shortcoming were corrected based on many evaporation test. Syringe dispensing of tetra-butylammonium bicarbonate (TBAB) was replaced with micro pipette to prepare tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride salt ([$^{18}F$]TBAF). Troublesome refill of liquid nitrogen every 2 hours which was used to protect vacuum system was changed to charcoal cartridge, base guard filter. To monitor the volume of delivered $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron by surveillance camera, we set up the volumetric vial on the cover of the module. In addition to, the recovery vial was added in [$^{18}F$]FDG production system to recover [$^{18}F$]FDG loss due to the leak of valve ($V_{13,14}$) in [$^{18}F$]FDG purification process. Results: When we used micro pipette for adding TBAB ($30\;{\mu}L$ in 12% $H_2O$ in acetonitrile), this quantitative dispensation has enabled to improve $5.5{\pm}1.7%$ residual fluorine-18 activity in fluorine separation cartridge compared to syringe adding. Besides, the synthetic yields of [$^{18}F$]FDG has increased $58{\pm}2.6%$ (n=19), $58{\pm}2.9%$ (n=14), $60%{\pm}2.5%$ (n=17) for 3 months. The life cycle of charcoal cartridge and base vacuum was 3 months prior to filling liquid nitrogen every 2 hours and additional side separator can prevent pump corrosion by organic solvent. After setting of volumetric indicator vial, the operator can easily monitor the total volume of irradiated $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron. The recovery vial can be used for the stabilizer when an irregular [$^{18}F$]FDG loss was generated by the leak of valves ($V_{13,14}$). Conclusions: We has optimized appropriate synthetic conditions (temperature, time, pressure) in domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer. In addition to, the remodeling with several accessories improve yields of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer with reliable reproducibility.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.322-335
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• 2019

Objectives: The goal of this study is to standardize industry, process, and job within work environment measurement information. Methods: We selected 180 work environment measurement reports on 30 industries from a database monitored from 2014 to 2016 by the Korea Industrial Health Association. Ten industrial hygienists, each with over five years of experience in measurement, conducted a primary standardization of 180 reports. Two professional industrial hygienists with more than 20 years of experience each reviewed and revised the results of the primary standardization. We also examined the validity on the usefulness of the standardized database by the two industrial hygienists. Results: The final standardization results were classified into eight major categories, 23 sub-major categories, 39 minor categories, 53 unit categories and 70 sub-unit categories in the Korean Standard Industrial Classification (KSIC) 10th revision. A total of 161 processes were standardized, and there were 148 processes with K2B codes. Standard job was coded into 13 job groups including operator, automobile maintenance, nurse, maintenance, manager, excavating machine operator, forklift driver, radiologist, clinical pathologist, signer, researcher, kitchen assistant, and concrete reinforcement ironworker. Conclusions: Although the standardized information in this study may be only a part of the total information, it can be useful for improvement of the K2B system. Additional research is needed for an ongoing clean-up of data in the K2B and re-calibration and reclassification of standard processes until the future national exposure monitoring system is fully established.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.482-497
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• 2023

Sonazoid, a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent, was introduced for the diagnosis of hepatic nodules. To clarify the issues with Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Korean Society of Radiology and Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology collaborated on the guidelines. The guidelines are de novo, evidence-based, and selected using an electronic voting system for consensus. These include imaging protocols, diagnostic criteria for HCC, diagnostic value for lesions that are inconclusive on other imaging results, differentiation from non-HCC malignancies, surveillance of HCC, and treatment response after locoregional and systemic treatment for HCC.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.133-145
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• 1999

The purposesof the study are to analyze the community nursing center in U.S.A and to develop the model of nursing care system based on nurse-midwifery clinic in community for women's health in Korea. 1. In America nursing center is defined as nurse-anchored system of primary care delivery or neighborhood health center. Nursing centers are identified the following four types: (1) community outreach centers, which are similar to traditional public health clinics: (2) institutional-based centers following the mission of a large institution, such as a hospital or university: (3) wellness/health promotion centers, which offer screening, education, counseling, triage, and health maintenance services: and (4) independent practice. Nursing centers are a concept of services provided by nurses in practice arrangements in a community. Nursing centers offer a variety of services, ranging from primary care provided by advanced practice nurses with medical acute management and nursing care to the more traditional education, health promotion, screening wellness and coordination services. Some services, such as the care provided by advanced practice nurses are reimbursed under various insurance plan in some instances and states, where as others, such as preventive and educational services, are not. Thus, lack of reimbursement has threatened the survival of some centers. Licensing of nursing centers varies by state and program and accreditation of nursing centers is also limited. 52% of centers are affiliated with another facility and 48% are freestanding centers. The number of registered nurse at the nursing centers ranges from just one to 115, with a mean of eight RNs peragency and a median of three. Nursing centers avail ability varies: 14% are open 24 hours, 27% have variable short hours, 23% are open 6-7 days per week, and 36% are open Monday- Friday. As the result of my visiting three health centers in Seattle and San Francisco, the women's primary care nurse practitioners focus on a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the health status of women and diagnosis and management of common physical and psychosocial health concerns of women in ambulatory settings. Therapeutic nursing strategies are directed toward self-care, risk reoduction, health surveillance, stress reduction, healthy nutrition, social support, healthy coping, psychological well-being, and pharmacological therapy. They function as primary care providers for the well ness and illness care of women from adolescence through the older adult years and pregnant families. 2. In Korea a nurse-midwife practices independently for pregnant women's health including childbearing family at her own clinic in community. Her services are reimbursed under national health insurance but they are not paid on a fee-for-service schedule covering items. Analyzing the nursing centers in America, I suggest that nurse-midwifery clinics offer primary care for women and home care for chronic ill patients. The health law and health insurance policy should be reovised in order to expand nurse-midwife's and home care nurse's roles at nurse-midwifery clinic.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2017

본 논문은 컴퓨터 비전 기술을 기반으로 자동 차량 감시 시스템을 제안하였다. 실시간 주행표시 시스템은 ITS의 필수 요건을 충족하면서, 자동 감시제어가 가능한 시스템이다. 이러한 장점은 확실한 자동차 추적에 대해 주요 장애물 처리 시스템 적용할 경우, 움직이는 물체에 대한 그림자 추적이다. 추적 차량 이미지에서 모든 종류의 정보를 획득하기 위해 차량을 확실하게 감시 화면에 나타나게 하였다. 시간이 지남에 따라 차량을 정밀 추적 제어 할 필요가 있고, 입체 모델 기반접근 방식 또한 필요한 방식으로 적용하였다. 일반적으로 개체 또는 와이어 프레임 모델의 골격에 의해 차량의 각각의 유형을 나타내었고, 시스템이 실시간 실행되지 않더라도 차량 궤적은 3D기반 방식에서 높은 정밀도로 측정 될 수 있다는 점을 보여 준다. 본 논문에서는 차량, 배경, 그림자에 적용 가능하고, 도로 교통 감시의 시스템을 분할 방법을 역시 적용하였다. 과속 자동차의 속도 추적을 통해 낮은 레벨의 차량제어 추적기의 유효성 역시 실행 하였다. 결론에서 개발된 추적 제어 시스템에서 향상된 자동차 추적의 방법을 개선하고자 하였으며 고속도로 감시제어 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다.