• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a policy change to expand Korean National Health Insurance (KNHI) benefit coverage to include scaling on access to dental care at the national level. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 12,794 adults aged 20 to 64 years from Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2010-2014) was analyzed. To examine the effect of the policy on the outcomes of interest (unmet dental care needs and preventive dental care utilization in the past year), an estimates-based probit model was used, incorporating marginal effects with a complex sampling structure. The effect of the policy on individuals depending on their income and education level was also assessed. Results: Adjusting for potential covariates, the probability of having unmet needs for dental care decreased by 6.1% and preventative dental care utilization increased by 14% in the post-policy period compared to those in the pre-policy period (2010, 2012). High income and higher education levels were associated with fewer unmet dental care needs and more preventive dental visits. Conclusions: The expansion of coverage to include scaling demonstrated to have a significant association with decreasing unmet dental care needs and increasing preventive dental care utilization. However, the policy disproportionately benefited certain groups, in contrast with the objective of the policy to benefit all participants in the KNHI system.

• Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.114-117
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• 2016

A research project, the "Construction of Frailty Cohort for Elderly and Intervention Study," funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, has been ongoing since December 2015. The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) aims to identify risk factors for adverse outcomes associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults, as well as means of prevention. KFACS is a multicenter, longitudinal study, with the baseline survey being conducted in 2016-2017. The sample (n=3,000) consists of those aged 70-84 years, stratified by age and gender, recruited from urban and rural regions nationwide. An in-person interview and health examination are performed every 2 years. This project is also conducting many intervention studies. Project interventions focus on nutrition and exercise. The nutritional intervention study compares the effects of 1.2 g/kg versus 1.5 g/kg daily protein intake on sarcopenia and frailty in older Koreans. The exercise trial examines the effectiveness of an information and communication technology-based program in preventing or reducing frailty.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 국민건강영양조사 제 6기 1-3차년도 (2013년-2015년) 참여자 중 1-12세 미만인 어린이의 AD 여부와 에너지 및 영양소 적정섭취비율과의 관계를 분석하였다. AD군은 전체 연구대상자의 약 15.2%로, 남아 비율이 높았으며, non-AD군보다 평균나이가 약 0.7세 더 많았고, 나이를 세분화하여 비교했을 때, 나이가 들수록 AD 환아 수가 증가하였다. 신체 계측 결과, AD군이 non-AD군보다 신장과 체중 값이 더 컸지만, BMI는 군 간의 차이를 보이지 않았다. AD 여부와 식품군 및 영양소섭취 현황을 나이와 성별을 보정하여 비교한 결과, 두 군 간의 유의미한 차이가 있는 영양소는 없었다. 다만, 칼슘의 RNI 대비 섭취비율이 두 군 모두에게서 약 70% 수준으로 나타났는데, 이는 우리나라 어린이의 전반적인 칼슘 섭취량 부족에서 온 것으로 볼 수 있다. AD 여부에 따른 에너지와 영양소 섭취량의 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, KDRIs에 따른 적정섭취비율을 비교한 결과, AD군에서 지방과 비타민 C를 적정한 수준으로 섭취하는 비율이 더 높았고, 부족하거나 과잉으로 섭취하는 비율은 더 낮았다. AD 위험도와 에너지 및 영양소 적정섭취비율과의 관계를 분석하였을 때에는 지방은 과잉으로 섭취했을 경우, 비타민 C는 부족하거나 과잉으로 섭취했을 경우 AD 위험도가 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 어린이에게서 AD는 지방과 비타민 C의 영양소섭취비율과 관련이 있는 것으로 보이며, 이러한 결과는 AD 관리를 위한 식이 제한의 영향도 있을 것으로 예상한다. 이에 대해 좀 더 명확하게 인과관계를 규명하기 위한 추가 연구가 요구된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Chewing difficulty is a factor contributing to a poor nutritional status in the elderly. The aim of this study was to examine disparities in food and nutrition intakes among Korean elderly people with and without chewing difficulty. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study utilized data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2013. The study subjects included males and females over 65 years of age who were not required to adhere to a special diet due to disease or sickness. They were divided into groups according to their chewing ability. Those who found chewing "very difficult" or "difficult", were combined to form the chewing difficulty group. Similarly, those who found chewing "moderately difficult", "easy", and "very easy" were combined to form the normal chewing group. RESULTS: Of the 999 subjects, 47.7% had chewing difficulties and the prevalence of chewing difficulty was higher in females than in males (P = 0.03) and higher in those 75 years of age and over than in younger individuals (P < 0.001). The chewing difficulty group had a significantly lower intake of fruits and vegetables (P < 0.05) and lower vitamin C and potassium intake than those in the normal group. Comparison of the percentages of Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) in the two groups indicated that the intake of most nutrients (energy, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and iron) were significantly lower in the chewing difficulty group than in the normal group. In particular, calcium intake was inadequate (51% of KDRIs) in the chewing difficulty group. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that chewing difficulty is closely related to food and nutrient intake in the elderly and can result in vitamin and mineral intake deficiencies. It is evident that the care of elderly subjects with chewing difficulty is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.116-127
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the coverage of the current mandatory nutrition labeling system on the nutrient intake of Koreans. Methods: KNHANES dietary intake data (2013) of 7,242 subjects were used in the analysis. KNHANES dietary intake data were collected by a 24-hour recall method by trained dietitians. For analysis, all food items consumed by the subjects were classified into two groups (foods with mandatory labeling and other foods). In the next step, all food items were reclassified into four groups according to the food type and nutrition labeling regulations: raw material food, processed food of raw material characteristics, processed foods without mandatory labeling, and processed foods with mandatory labeling. The intake of energy and five nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat, saturated fat, and sodium) of subjects from each food group were analyzed to determine the coverage of the mandatory nutrition labeling system among the total nutrient intake of Koreans. Results: The average intake of foods with mandatory labeling were 384g/day, which was approximately one quarter of the total daily food intake (1,544 g/day). The proportion of energy and five nutrients intake from foods with mandatory labeling was 18.1%~47.4%. The average food intake from the 4 food groups were 745 g/day (48.3%) for the raw food materials, 54 g/day (3.5%) for the processed food of raw material characteristics, 391 g/day (25.3%) for the processed foods without mandatory labeling, and 354 g/day (22.9%) for the processed foods with mandatory labeling. Conclusions: Although nutrition labeling is a useful tool for providing nutritional information to consumers, the coverage of current mandatory nutrition labeling system on daily nutrient intake of the Korean population is not high. To encourage informed choices and improve healthy eating habits of the Korean population, the nutrition labeling system should be expanded to include more food items and foodservice menus.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 2008년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 분석하여 우리나라에서 가장 많이 소비되는 상위 7종류의 과채류 주스(사과, 포도, 감귤, 오렌지, 석류, 파인애플, 토마토)를 선정하고, 이 주스들의 총페놀, 총플라보노이드 및 항산화능 함량을 정량 분석하였다. 2008년에 실시한 국민건강영양조사의 자료 분석을 통해 오렌지 주스(6.31 g/capita/day), 포도 주스(2.28 g/capita/day), 토마토 주스(1.50 g/capita/day), 감귤 주스(1.23 g/capita/day), 사과 주스(1.05 g/capita/day), 석류 주스(0.17 g/capita/day), 파인애플 주스(0.05 g/capita/day) 등 7가지 과채류 주스의 하루 일인당 주스 소모량을 산출하였다. 총 7종류의 과채류 주스의 섭취를 통해서 얻어진 일인당 하루 섭취량의 경우, 총페놀 섭취량은 11.70 mg GAE/capita/day, 총플라보노이드 섭취량은 1.65 mg CE/capita/day, 그리고 항산화능은 10.42 mg VCE/capita/day(DPPH 분석법)와 13.21 mg VCE/capita/day(ABTS 분석법)였다. 일인당 하루 총페놀 섭취량, 총플라보노이드 섭취량 및 항산화능 섭취량 추정은 과채류 주스의 페놀성 화학물질 등의 생리활성성분의 농도뿐만 아니라 일인당 하루 과채류 주스 소모량에도 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2018

연구목적 본 연구는 한국 성인의 인슐린 저항성 정도와 우울감, 자살 생각, 스트레스 및 삶의 질 사이의 연관성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 방 법 제6기 3차년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 3,613명의 대상자를 선정하였다. 인슐린 저항성은 Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance를 통해 계산하였다. 우울감, 자살 생각, 스트레스에 대한 설문이 이루어졌으며, 삶의 질은 EuroQol-5 dimension의 삶의 질 지수를 통해 평가되었다. 분석 방법으로는 상관 분석과 회귀 분석이 사용되었다. 결 과 인슐린 저항성 집단에서 대조 집단에 비해 우울감과 자살 생각의 위험성이 유의하게 높았다. 스트레스는 남성에서만 인슐린 저항성 집단에서 위험성이 유의하게 증가하였다. 삶의 질 지수는 인슐린 저항성과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 나이, 성별, 체질량 지수를 보정하였을 경우에는 자살 생각에서만 위험성 증가가 확인되었다 결 론 한국 성인에서 인슐린 저항성이 우울증과 관련된 정신건강 문제들과 연관성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.74-93
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There has been an increased interest in determining calcium magnesium, sodium, and potassium's distinct effects on hypertension over the past decade, yet they simultaneously regulate blood pressure. We aimed at examining the association of dietary calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium independently and jointly with hypertension using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2014. MATERIALS/METHODS: The associations were examined on a large cross-sectional study involving 16684 US adults aged>20 years, using multivariate analyses with logistical models. RESULTS: Sodium and calcium quartiles assessed alone were not associated with hypertension. Potassium was negatively associated with hypertension in the highest quartile, 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.87). When jointly assessed using the high and low cut-off points, low sodium and corresponding high calcium, magnesium, and potassium intake somewhat reduced the odds of hypertension 0.39 (95% CI, 0.20-0.76). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was positively associated with hypertension in the highest quartile1.50 (95% CI, 1.11-2.02). When potassium was adjusted for sodium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio assessed among women, increased odds of hypertension were reported in the highest quartile as 2.02 (95% CI, 1.18-3.34) and 1.69 (95% CI, 1.12-2.57), respectively. The association of combined minerals on hypertension using dietary goals established that men meeting the reference intakes for calcium and exceeding for magnesium had reduced odds of hypertension 0.51 (95% CI, 0.30-0.89). Women exceeding the recommendations for both calcium and magnesium had the lower reduced odds of 0.30 (95% CI, 0.10-0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the studied minerals' association on hypertension is stronger when jointly assessed, mostly after gender stratification. As compared to men, women increased their risk of hypertension even with a low sodium intake. Women would also reasonably reduce their risk of developing hypertension by increasing calcium and magnesium intake. In comparison, men would somewhat be protected from developing hypertension with calcium intake meeting the dietary goals and magnesium exceeding the nutritional goals.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.211-229
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• 2023

This study analyzed the differences in the general characteristics, mental and health-related factors, eating habits, and nutrient intake of Korean male youths before and after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The data of a total of 1,231 subjects, from among the participants in the 2018 and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were analyzed. The 2020 group had fewer married members than the 2018 group. The subjects in the 2020 group weighed more (P<0.05), had a higher waist circumference (P<0.01), and showed greater weight gain (P<0.05) than the 2018 group subjects. The aerobic physical activity of the 2020 group was lower (P<0.01) compared to the 2018 group. The members of the 2020 group had higher depression scores (P<0.01), suicidal tendencies (P<0.01), and need for counseling for mental problems (P<0.05) than those of the 2018 group. The prevalence of high fasting blood sugar levels and diabetes was higher in the 2020 group compared to the 2018 group. The frequency of breakfast (P<0.01) and dining out (P<0.001) and the proportion of breakfast (P<0.01) and dinner (P<0.05) taken with the family or non-family members was lower in the 2020 group than in the 2018 group. The rate of dietary supplement intake of the 2020 group was higher than that of the 2018 group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the protein (P<0.05), riboflavin (P<0.01), and carbohydrate (P<0.01) intakes between the two groups. These results suggest that male youths had a higher waist circumference and high levels of depression, and showed a decrease in frequency of breakfast intake and dining out after the out break COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, nutrition and health promotion programs are urgently needed to improve mental health, other health-related factors and nutritional status of male adults that are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.307-319
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• 2024

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 2019, 2021년 자료를 활용하여 중년 남성과 여성의 건강 관련 삶의 질에 따른 건강 및 식생활 특성을 비교하기 위하여 진행되었다. 40-59세 성인을 대상으로 건강 관련 삶의 질을 측정하기 위해 HINT-8을 사용하여 총점에 따라 4군 (상, 중상, 중하, 하)으로 나누었다. 남성은 건강 관련 삶의 질이 낮을수록 소득이 낮고 미혼인 비율이 높으며 음주와 흡연하는 비율이 높았고 체형을 말랐거나 비만하다고 생각하는 비율이 높았고 최근 1년 동안 체중이 증가한 비율이 높았다. 여성은 건강 관련 삶의 질이 낮을수록 나이가 많고 교육 수준과 소득이 낮고 비만인 경우가 많았으며 체형 또한 비만하다고 생각하는 비율이 높았고 최근 1년 동안 체중이 증가한 비율이 높았다. 그리고 고지혈증과 고중성지방혈증 유병 비율이 높았다. 남성과 여성 모두 삶의 질이 낮을수록 채소/버섯/해조류 및 과일의 섭취 빈도가 적었다. 본 연구에서 중년 남성과 여성의 건강 관련 삶의 질과 관련된 요인에 서로 다른 특징이 있으므로 이에 맞는 정책의 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 본 연구결과가 중년의 건강 관련 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.