• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.7
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• pp.1135-1143
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• 2016

A private company's 1,000 MW coal-fired power plant will be the first coal-fired power plant that was included in the 5th 'Basic Plan on Electricity Demand and Supply' (2010). Now it is facing the task to abide by the RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard) policy after commercial operation. If they fail to supply the necessary REC (Renewable Energy Certificate) mandated by the RPS policy, they are subject to be fined by the government and forced to modify the cost function to reflect the burden. Eventually the company's coal-fired power plant will be forced to reduce generation to maximize profit because the amount of electricity generated by the power plant and the REC obligation is positively correlated. This paper analyzed the change of cost function of private coal-fired power plant according to the introduction of RPS policy from the viewpoint of private company, and finally proposed the optimal generation to maximize the profit of private coal-fired power plant under the current RPS policy.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.42-54
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• 2019

The solar and wind power is spreading as a means to $CO_2$ reduction, but it has the characteristics of the volatility depending on the weather changes. This article aims to estimate the additional integration costs in Korea electric system in response to such volatility of increasing solar and wind power generation, using Korea electric power trading analyzer(KEPTA). The analysis utilizes the statistics of "8th Basic Plan for Long-term Electricity Supply and Demand" and "Renewable Energy Plan 3020". As the results, integration costs will be estimated 13.94Won/kWh~32.55Won/kWh, consisting of 8.94Won/kWh as back-up costs, 1.03Won/kWh~4.45Won/kWh as balancing costs, and 3.97Won/kWh~19.16Won/kWh as grid-costs. These results suggest that when the integration costs are secured, Korea electric system will be expected in the stable situation. This article leaves the further studies with taking the technological development of solar and wind power generation, the introduction of energy storage system, and wholesale price of electricity into consideration.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 1998

To obtain basic data for efficient health plan, we investigated the condition of farmers' health, living behavior, working environment, and cumulative fatigue symptoms by crops (greenhouse melon, rice and red pepper, stock farming, pear, grapes, dropwort, sweet potato, potato, radish. cabbage). The results are as follows; (1) The condition of farmers health : Among them, cabbage cultivators were in bad health concerning cardiovascular system, musculo-skeletal system, and skin condition. (2) Living behavior : $\circled1$ Radish cultivators were in best of their physical condition. $\circled2$ Rice and red pepper cultivators were taking a regular recess as compared with dropwort cultivators. $\circled3$ On concerning bathe, sleeping, and clothes, stock farmers were in relatively bad condition. (3) Working environment : cabbage, greenhouse melon, and dropwort cultivators had relatively Poor working environment. (4) Cumulative fatigue symptoms : $\circled1$ Dropwort cultivators were in the worst of their condition concerning loss of their energy, physical condition. decline of will to labor, sense of unease, and low spirits. $\circled2$ On concerning general fatigue, dropwort, sweet potato, and cabbage cultivator were in bad condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The Honolulu Strategy is a framework document to address marine debris issue globally. The Fifth International Marine Debris Conference held in March 2011 and organized by NOAA and UNEP catalyzed the development of the Holonulu Strategy. Goals of the Strategy are to reduce the amount and impact of land-based, sea-based, and accumulated marine debris. A set of strategies for each goal were provided for education and awareness, legislation, and alternative technologies. The Strategy also lists indicators that could be used to evaluate outcomes of strategies. The adoption of the Honolulu Strategy by the international community has led the international organizations such as GPA, IMO, and CBD to strengthen their responses to the marine debris issue. UN has also set up specific actions that will be implemented until 2025 through its resolutions on marine debris. Recent global developments related to the marine debris issue might lead to a change in the character of the international marine debris management from the current soft law regime to a mandatory one. The Honolulu Strategy could provide a guideline when the Korean government formulates the Second Basic Plan for Marine Debris Management, especially with its prevention-oriented approaches, utilization of scientific policy development tools, and adoption of evaluation system using performance indicators.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2011

Quantum beam technology has been expected to develop breakthroughs for nanotechnology during the third basic plan of science and technology (2006~2010). Recently, Green- or Life Innovations has taken over the national interests in the fourth basic science and technology plan (2011~2015). The NIMS (National Institute for Materials Science) has been conducting the corresponding mid-term research plans, as well as other national projects, such as nano-Green project (Global Research for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials science). In this lecture, the research trends in Japan and NIMS are firstly reviewed, and the typical achievements are highlighted over key nanotechnology fields. As one of the key nanotechnologies, the quantum beam research in NIMS focused on synchrotron radiation, neutron beams and ion/atom beams, having complementary attributes. The facilities used are SPring-8, nuclear reactor JRR-3, pulsed neutron source J-PARC and ion-laser-combined beams as well as excited atomic beams. Materials studied are typically fuel cell materials, superconducting/magnetic/multi-ferroic materials, quasicrystals, thermoelectric materials, precipitation-hardened steels, nanoparticle-dispersed materials. Here, we introduce a few topics of neutron scattering and ion beam nanofabrication. For neutron powder diffraction, the NIMS has developed multi-purpose pattern fitting software, post RIETAN2000. An ionic conductor, doped Pr2NiO4, which is a candidate for fuel-cell material, was analyzed by neutron powder diffraction with the software developed. The nuclear-density distribution derived revealed the two-dimensional network of the diffusion paths of oxygen ions at high temperatures. Using the high sensitivity of neutron beams for light elements, hydrogen states in a precipitation-strengthened steel were successfully evaluated. The small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) demonstrated the sensitive detection of hydrogen atoms trapped at the interfaces of nano-sized NbC. This result provides evidence for hydrogen embrittlement due to trapped hydrogen at precipitates. The ion beam technology can give novel functionality on a nano-scale and is targeting applications in plasmonics, ultra-fast optical communications, high-density recording and bio-patterning. The technologies developed are an ion-and-laser combined irradiation method for spatial control of nanoparticles, and a nano-masked ion irradiation method for patterning. Furthermore, we succeeded in implanting a wide-area nanopattern using nano-masks of anodic porous alumina. The patterning of ion implantation will be further applied for controlling protein adhesivity of biopolymers. It has thus been demonstrated that the quantum beam-based nanotechnology will lead the innovations both for nano-characterization and nano-fabrication.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.547-554
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• 2018

Wind energy is widely recognized as one of the cheapest forms of clean and renewable energy. In fact, in several countries, wind energy has achieved cost parity with fossil fuel-based sources of electricity generation for new electricity generation plants. Offshore wind energy development promises to be a significant domestic renewable energy source for the target of korea government 3020 plan. A pivotal activity during the development phase of a wind project is wind resource assessment. Several approaches can be categorized as three basic scales or stages of wind resource assessment: preliminary area identification, area wind resource evaluation, and micrositing. This study is to estimate the wind power capacity of chonnam province offshore area using three basic stages based on the six meteorological mast data. WindPRO was used, one of a well-known wind energy prediction programs and based on more than 25 years of experiences in development of software tools for wind energy project development. The design results of offshore wind power generation capacity is calculated as total 2.52GW with six wind farms in chonnam offshore area.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2019

Where is a better place to live? In the coming era, this should be more than simply a livable place. It should be an adaptable place that has a flexible system adaptable to any new situation in terms of diversity. Customization and real-time operation are needed in order to realize this technologically. We expect a smart city to have a flexible system that applies technologies of self-monitoring and self-response, thereby being a promising city model towards being a better place to live. Energy demand and supply is a crucial issue concerning our expectations for the flexible system of a smart city because it is indispensable to comfortable living, especially city living. Although it may seem that energy diversification, such as the energy mix of a country, is a matter of overriding concern, the central point is the scale of place to build grids for realizing sustainable urban energy systems. A traditional hard energy path supported by huge centralized energy systems based on fossil and nuclear fuels on a national scale has already faced difficult problems, particularly in terms of energy flexibility/resilience. On the other hand, an alternative soft energy path consisting of small diversified energy systems based on renewable energy sources on a local scale has limitations regarding stability, variability, and supply potential despite the relatively light economic/technological burden that must be assumed to realize it. As another alternative, we can adopt a holonic path incorporating an alternative soft energy path with a traditional hard energy path complimentarily based on load management. This has a high affinity with the flexible system of a smart city. At a system level, the purpose of all of the paths mentioned above is not energy itself but the service it provides. If the expected energy service is fixed, the conclusive factor in choosing a more appropriate system is accessibility to the energy service. Accessibility refers to reliability and affordability; the former encompasses the level of energy self-sufficiency, and the latter encompasses the extent of energy saving. From this point of view, it seems that the small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path have a clear advantage over the huge centralized energy systems of a hard energy path. However, some insuperable limitations still remain, so it is reasonable to consider both energy systems continuing to coexist in a multiplexing energy system employing a holonic path to create and maintain reliable and affordable access to energy services that cover households'/enterprises' basic energy needs. If this is embodied in a smart city concept, this is nothing else but smart energy inclusion. In Japan, following the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, a trend towards small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path intensified in order to realize a nuclear-free society. As a result, the Government of Japan proclaimed in its Fifth Strategic Energy Plan that renewable energy must be the main source of power in Japan by 2050. Accordingly, Sony vowed that all the energy it uses would come from renewable sources by 2040. In this situation, it is expected that smart energy inclusion will be achieved by the Japanese version of a smart grid based on the concept of a minimum cost scheme and demand response.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

Recently, Namak New Town is under construction adjacent to Mokpo City, and New Great Harbour Bridge between Mokpo City and Koha Island is designed to be built across Inner Harbour of Mokpo. Citizens' concerns about and participations in 「Campaign for Shaping Mokpo into Beautiful Seaport」 are required to make up the sight of Mokpo harbour beautifully. The of 「Master Plan for the Development of Beautiful Mokpo Seaport」 was reviewed. Citizens' levels of consciousness of and participation in 「Campaign for Shaping Mokpo into Beautiful Seaport」 were ascertained through questionnaire surveys of citizenry opinions, and prerequisites and requirements for the success of 「Master Plan for the Development of Beautiful Mokpo Seaport」 were suggested on the basis of the results of questionnaire surveys. As most of citizens are not satisfied with the existing urban environment in Mokpo City, the urban environment and the view of Mokpo are required to be made up according to the natural, social and environmental characteristics of Mokpo and its adjacent Islands in coastal waters. In order to cultivate citizens' basic cultural consciousness and sense of public kindness, cleanliness and orderliness, various educational programs are required to be developed and executed. Only when local government of Mokpo City collects the public opinions and continues to shape Mokpo into international beautiful seaport in the direction of a reflex of public opinion, Mokpo harbour can be made up into international beautiful seaport successfully with citizens' positive participation in citizenry practicable action plan.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2013

There are many reasons for decommissioning of cyclotron such as not only age-related deficiency, any serious wear or damage but also relocation, upgrade and changing mission. Decommission of cyclotron in USA and EU give rise to a lot of low-level radioactive waste and costs. Various research on decommissioning of particle accelerator have been carried to reduce the cost of decommissioning in USA and EU. In USA, the NRC require DFP (Decommissioning Funding Plan) to authorized licenser by 10 CFR Part 30.35. To resolve radioactive waste problem and reduce the estimated cost of cyclotron decommissioning, we should consider technical aspects (decommissioning procedures, decontamination techniques, etc.) and safety aspects(residual radioactivity, the expected dose, etc) for decommissioning. In this study, we analyzed practical information on the decommissioning of cyclotron in ANL (Argonne National Laboratory) and Belgium (EU). And we investigated the experience on the cyclotron relocation from SNUH (Seoul National University Hospital) to SKKU (Sungkyunkwan University). From these results, we provide the basic data for establishing of relevant standards on domestic cyclotron decommissioning. It is necessary to adopt the DFP for safe and economic decommissioning and waste recycling. These result could be utilized for the establishment on the standards and useful requirements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1410-1419
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• 2023

Public perception plays a crucial role in the successful completion of a nuclear power project. As a newcomer country to nuclear power, there are lots of misconceptions among the Bangladeshi people about nuclear energy. Consequently, it is crucial to minimize all the doubts among mass people and build up their positive outlook toward nuclear power. This demands a comprehensive survey to figure out the public opinion, concerns, false impressions, and knowledge gap regarding nuclear power. In the present study, these issues were addressed by a survey that was responded to by 661 persons for the 24 survey questions. The questions were categorized based on information, knowledge, faith, benefit, awareness, and technology. Feedback and responders' basic demographic and socioeconomic information were collected from various locations in Bangladesh through online and in-person surveys. The responses were analyzed in both statistical and descriptive ways. Some of the feedback was found to vary with age, sex, and education level while others were quite independent of these parameters. It is found that socioeconomic development and energy security can be achieved by the inclusion of nuclear energy in the power system master plan of the country. However, huge knowledge gaps and misconceptions were found among the public regarding nuclear energy. As per feedback, political instability and corruption may affect the national nuclear power project in Bangladesh. Low faith in the existing rules & regulations for nuclear power programs was also observed. The result of this study will be handy to develop the communication and public awareness strategy for a successful nuclear power project in Bangladesh.