• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.536-539
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• 2003

The Dongjung Au-Ag-Cu mine area was seriously contaminated with As and heavy metals-Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn etc. Those elements were highly accumulated in plants grown at farmland as well as farmland soil. Stream waters and groundwater which has been used as drinking water around the mine site contain high levels of heavy metals, especially As. As a result of human health risk assessment using EHS(Extraction of Heavy metals in Stomach and Small intestine) test for bioaccessible contents of heavy metals, there is a potential of cancer and adverse effects on human health for the residents of the mine area.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.2019-2024
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• 2021

For evaluating the radiological safety of dismantled concrete, the process of disposal and recycling of the radioactive concrete generated during the dismantling of Kori Unit 1 is analyzed. Four scenarios are derived based on the analysis of the concrete recycling and disposal process, and the potential exposure to the workers and public during this process are calculated. VISIPLAN and RESRAD code are used for evaluating the dosages received by the workers and public in the following four scenarios: concrete inspection, transport of concrete by the truck driver, driving on a recycled concrete road, and public living near the landfilled concrete waste. Two worker exposure scenarios in the processing of concrete and two public exposure scenarios in recycling and disposal are considered; in all the scenarios, the exposure dose does not exceed the annual dose limit for each representative.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.1 s.20
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

The navigation area approach to Mokpo port consists of narrow channels with 30mile section, and the route is crossed with many fairways. In particular, fairway routeing except Mokpogu is not assigned and there are many threatening factors against the safe operation of vessel because fishing and mining areas are designated. Therefore, this paper proposed elements for safe passage through a marine traffic environmental assessment with the analysis of surrounding environment, dangerous elements, traffic survey and marine casualty.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.749-758
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• 2023

An understanding of safety problems pursuant to environmental release of GM (Genetically Modified) crops is considered important. Among the recognized safety problems, the possibilities of weediness and ecosystem invasion are constantly being validated. We herein compared the growth characteristics and germination rate of soybeans formed by hybridization with vitamin A-enhanced soybeans carrying an introduced gene that increases β-carotene content. We also examined overwintering, survival, and weed competitiveness to evaluate hybrid ecological impact on long-term unmanaged cultivatable land. These studies revealed that the hybrid soybeans exhibited intermediate growth characteristics and germination rate compared with the vitamin A-enhanced soybeans and wild soybeans, or exhibited traits similar to those of the maternal strain. Overwintering experiments were conducted by planting seeds at depths of 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm and recovering them after three or five months. After five months, all seeds at depths more than 5 cm lost viability. Among seeds recovered after three months, only wild soybeans retained viability at depths of more than 5 cm. Survival and weed competitiveness were assessed by sowing each type of seed and performing no irrigation, or pest or weed control. Quantitative assessment of numbers of individual soybean plants that appeared in the experimental plot revealed that all plants germinated after sowing, but only wild type plants survived overwintering. These studies suggest that both GM soybeans and hybrid soybeans cannot survive in uncultivated land even if they are released into the environment, which indicates less possibility of ecosystem invasion and weediness.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.452-460
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• 2019

Exposure to heavy metals through the consumption of contaminated seafood poses a health risk to humans. In Korea, seafood imports are increasing with consumption, with the largest increase in imported seafood coming from Russia. Peter the Great Bay and the Razdolnaya River are both major fisheries and protected areas under the Northwest Pacific Action Plan located near Vladivostok, Russia. This study analyzed heavy metal [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), total mercury (tHg), and total (tAs), and inorganic (iAs) arsenic] concentrations in shellfish and crustaceans collected from these areas. Except for iAs, the major toxic heavy metal concentrations of the samples met the national standards (Cd, 0.024-0.982 and 0.003-0.379 mg/kg; Pb, 0.021-1.533 and 0.002 mg/kg; tHg, 0.006-0.015 and 0.036-0.097 mg/kg). The tAs concentrations of three samples exceeded the Russian standard (5 mg/kg, wet weight), whereas the iAs concentrations were extremely low (ND-0.033 mg/kg). Compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, the percentages of PTWI of Cd, Pb, and tHg were 0.239%, 0.001-0.049%, and 0.013-0.302%, respectively. These findings reveal that there is no potential health risk by heavy metals through the consumption of Russian seafood obtained in the surveyed areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

Low back disorders (LBDs) have been the most common musculoskeletal problem in Korean workplaces. It affects many workers, and is associated with high costs to many companies as well as the individual, which can negatively influence even the quality of life of workers. The _evaluation of low back disorder risk associated with manual materials handling tasks can be performed using variety of ergonomic assessment tools such as National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Revised Lifting Equation (NLE), the Washington Administrative Code 296-62-0517 (WAC), the Snook Tables etc. But most of these tools provide limited information for choosing the most appropriate assessment method for a particular job and in finding out advantage and disadvantage of the methods, and few have been assessed for their predictive ability. The focus of this study was to _evaluate spinal loads in real time with lifting and pulling heavy cow leathers in variety of postures. Data for estimating mean trunk motions were collected as employees did their work at the job site, using the Lumbar Motion Monitor. Eight employees (2 males, 6 females) were selected in this study, in which the load weight and the vertical start and destination heights of the activity remained constant throughout the task. Variance components (three dimensional spaces) of mean trunk kinematic measures were estimated in a hierarchical design. They were used to compute velocity and acceleration of multiple employees performing the same task and to repetitive movements within a task. Therefore, a results of this study could be used as a quantitative, objective measure to design the workplace so that the risk of occupationally related low back disorder should be minimized.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.spc
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• pp.117-122
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• 2019

City parks play an important role in reducing the air pollution and mitigating the city heat island effect caused by global warming. However, from July 2020, restricted parks over 20-year will be partially lifted due to sunset regulation on parks. As a result, the government and local governments have been making efforts to revitalize parks, such as creating ecological parks and securing park sites. However, building winds generated by high-rise buildings constructed around ecological parks in the city may cause discomfort to pedestrians and threaten the ecosystems of plants and animal that live in ecological parks. There are no clearly proposed as standards for wind environment assessment in Korea, but also it has been rarely studied on pedestrian wind environment. In this study, wind environment studies have been reviewed to find the important parameters related to wind environment assessment. Further, wind climate analysis using wind data obtained by Seoul meterological station was performed to examine the possibility of applicability of the wind environment assessment on the city ecological parks.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

In this paper, risk assessment was conducted to verify self - disposal requirements by landfill for exempted incineration ash by using Resrad Ver.6.5 computer code. The result of risk assessment by landfill for the incineration by-product is that individual dose is $6.91{\times}10^{-2}{\mu}Sv\;y-1$ and collective dose is $3.475{\times}10^{-7}man-Sv\;y-1$. It proved that the result meets reference dose of individual dose $10{\mu}Sv\;y-1$ and collective dose 1 man-Sv y-1 for general public. According to the current 'Nuclear Safety Commission Notice [No. 2014-3]', it states that the exempted wastes can be disposed of by incineration, landfill and recycling. However, most of recently documents and papers related to exempted wastes are disposed of by landfill and recyling and it could not confirm the case of exempt by incineration. If the national consensus is derived and treating the waste by using process of incineration is activated, it could be considered to treat low level of radiation wastewater and activated carbon excluded from exempted waste because of nuclide $^3H$ and $^{14}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.173-185
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• 2019

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the accuracy and precision of exposure model ECETOC TRA v.3.1 by comparing model predictions with repeated exposure measurements in Korean workplaces and to investigate the applicability of ECETOC TRA to Korean workplace exposure assessment in K-REACH. Methods: Measured values and work conditions for 14 kinds of chemicals collected from exposure field surveys conducted at 10 companies in Korea were utilized for this study. All possible process categories (PROCs) considered to be relevant to each work process classification were selected and applied to ECETOC TRA as major determining parameters. In order to quantify the accuracy of the model, the lack of agreement (bias, relative bias, precision) was calculated and the risk ratios for each exposure situation between estimated and measured were also compared. Results: The estimated values varied between five and 25 times according to the PROCs for all exposure situations (ESs) based on tasks/chemicals. The results showed that most of the estimated values were below the measured values, and just 13 of 53 tasks were above the measured values. The overall bias and precision were $-2.91{\pm}1.62$ with ECETOC TRA, and we found that ECETOC TRA showed a low level of conservatism when applied to Korean workplaces, similar to previous studies. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the existed PROC codes have limitations in fully covering various ESs in Korea. In order to improve the applicability of ECETOC TRA in K-REACH, the addition of new PROCs for Korean industries are necessary.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2024

Level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) is performed to calculate radionuclide concentrations and exposure dose resulting from nuclear power plant accidents. To calculate the external exposure dose from the released radioactive materials, the radionuclide concentrations are multiplied by two factors of dose coefficient and a finite cloud dose correction factor (FCDCF), and the obtained values are summed. This indicates that a standard set of FCDCFs is required for external exposure dose calculations. To calculate a standard set of FCDCFs, the effective distance from the release point to the receptor along the wind direction should be predetermined. The TID-24190 document published in 1968 provides equations to calculate FCDCFs and the resultant standard set of FCDCFs. However, it does not provide any explanation on the effective distance required to calculate the standard set of FCDCFs. In 2021, Sandia National Laboratories (SNLs) proposed a method to predetermine finite effective distances depending on the atmospheric stability classes A to F, which results in six standard sets of FCDCFs. Meanwhile, independently of the SNLs, the authors of this paper discovered that an infinite effective distance assumption is a very reasonable approach to calculate one standard set of FCDCFs, and they implemented it into the multi-unit radiological consequence calculator (MURCC) code, which is a post-processor of the level 3 PSA codes. This paper calculates and compares short- and long-range FCDCFs calculated using the TID-24190, SNLs method, and MURCC method, and explains the strength of the MURCC method over the SNLs method. Although six standard sets of FCDCFs are required by the SNLs method, one standard sets of FCDCFs are sufficient by the MURCC method. Additionally, the use of the MURCC method and its resultant FCDCFs for level 3 PSA was strongly recommended.