• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.7
• /
• pp.311-333
• /
• 2005

The national language in the divided Germany has undergone changes that are not simply 'linguistic' in nature but reflect on the diverse social activities that have contributed to the development of the country's political and economic systems. Accordingly, a study of the German language in the process of the division would necessarily involve looking into the socio-political dynamics of the period, in tandem with the study of the linguistic structure per se. This paper deals with the political situation of Germany during the period of 1945 through 1990 and the issues of territorial devision during that period with the view to clarifying the extra-linguistic factors behind the changes of the country's national language. This mode of explaining the heterogeneous linguistic changes that characterize post-war Germany will provide an opportunity to consider the classical issues of the relationship between linguistic changes and social ones in a new light.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2009

Relationships between immigrant mothers' Korean language ability and preschoolers' language development in multi-cultural families were studied with 91 mothers and their children. Language capacity of mothers and children was measured by receptive and expressive vocabulary test, sentence comprehension test and two kinds of reading tests. Results showed that mothers' level of comprehension was relatively low but their reading ability was higher than that of elementary school first-grade Korean students. Comprehension of children in multi-cultural families with non-immigrant counterparts showed a lower level of language ability. Mother's level of expressive vocabulary, receptive vocabulary and reading ability correlated with children's language development. These results indicate a relationship between children's delayed language development in multi-cultural families and mother's low proficiency in Korean language.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.55-74
• /
• 2003

The issues concerning the nature of the attitude toward the study of national language may vary from country to country, depending on the national or racial characteristics. The problem domains and the methodologies dealing with them may vary accordingly. Ever since the Korean language was equipped with a writing system in the year of 1443 through King Sejong's long-cherished desire, investigations have been constantly made into the real nature of the language itself in pursuit of a better method for representing the spoken language in written form. This is how the study of the Korean language began to take shape. Among such investigations are Hunmin-jeong-eum(the Korean script: 1446) compiled by Jiphyon-jon, the royal office of schloarly researches, Doongguk-jeonghun-yokhun (the orthodox script of Korean: 1448), Hongmu-jeonghun-yeokhun(interlinear gloss for the Chinese script of the Ming Dynasty: 1455), An Orthodox Approach to Written Korean (1909) by the institute of the National Script, Re Standardized Spelling System (1933) by Chosun Language Society, An Authorized Dictionary of Standard Korean (1936), How to Write Borrowed Words(1940), and A Grand dictionary of Korea (1947-57). Chu Shi-Gyung's Phonetics of the Korean Script(1908), Korean Grammar(1910), and Sound Patterns of Korean(1914) were all written in this vein; so was Choi Hyun-Bae's Uri-mal-bon (the rudiments of Korean Grammar: 1929/1937). All these achievements in the study of the Korean language are the end-products of the constant endeavor to solve the issues related to the spoken and written farms of the Korean language. And this is how the uniqueness and autonomy of the language study in korea have been established. It should be borne in mind, however, that, in seeking solutions to the problems inherent in the Korean linguistic studies of foreign countries. On the contrary, they have been very active in accommodating such results. While they have set up their problem domains on the basis of the korean language, they been progressively open-minded in looking for the solutions to the problems at hand.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2024

Automated text summarization (ATS) systems rely on language resources as datasets. However, creating these datasets is a complex and labor-intensive task requiring linguists to extensively annotate the data. Consequently, certain public datasets for ATS, particularly in languages such as Thai, are not as readily available as those for the more popular languages. The primary objective of the ATS approach is to condense large volumes of text into shorter summaries, thereby reducing the time required to extract information from extensive textual data. Owing to the challenges involved in preparing language resources, publicly accessible datasets for Thai ATS are relatively scarce compared to those for widely used languages. The goal is to produce concise summaries and accelerate the information extraction process using vast amounts of textual input. This study introduced ThEconSum, an ATS architecture specifically designed for Thai language, using economy-related data. An evaluation of this research revealed the significant remaining tasks and limitations of the Thai language.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.543-556
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence multicultural adolescents' proficiency in their mother's native language, or their immigrant mother's native language. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed on data from the survey answered by 1,028 multicultural adolescents aged 15 years old and whose mothers were from foreign countries for the 6th Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study(MAPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) in 2016. The main results are as follows. First, multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency was generally low and significant differences were observed according to their gender, parents' educational level, household income, and mother's native country. More specifically, a higher proficiency in minority language was found for girls than boys, adolescents with a higher parental educational level, adolescents with a higher income, and adolescents whose mothers were from Japan or China, compared with those from the Philippines, Thailand, or Vietnam. Second, a significant positive correlation was observed between multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency and 1) foreign culture acceptance, 2) parent's educational support, and 3) the use of the minority language at home. Third, foreign culture acceptance, parents' educational support, and the use of the minority language at home were predictors of multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency. The study is meaningful in that it examined multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency, elucidating their bilingual development, whereas previous studies have only focused on their proficiency in Korean, which is the majority language.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2006

Backgrounds: MEG can measure the task-specific neurophysiologic activity with good spatial and time resolution. Language lateralization using noninvasive method has been a subject of interest in resective brain surgery. We purposed to develop a paradigm for language lateralization using MEG and validate its feasibility. Methods: Magnetic fields were obtained in 12 neurosurgical candidates and one volunteer for language tasks, with a 306 channel whole head MEG. Language tasks were word listening, reading and picture naming. We tested two word listening paradigms: semantic decision of meaning of abstract nouns, and recognition of repeated words. The subjects were instructed to silently name or read, and respond with pushing button or not. We decided language dominance according to the number of acceptable equivalent current dipoles (ECD) modeled by sequential single dipole, and the mean magnetic field strength by root mean square value, in each hemisphere. We collected clinical data including Wada test. Results: Magnetic fields evoked by word listening were generally distributed in bilateral temporoparietal areas with variable hemispheric dominance. Language tasks using visual stimuli frequently evoked magnetic field in posterior midline area, which made laterality decision difficult. Response during task resulted in more artifacts and different results depending on responding hand. Laterality decision with mean magnetic field strength was more concordant with Wada than the method with ECD number of each hemisphere. Conclusions: Word listening task without hand response is the most feasible paradigm for language lateralization using MEG. Mean magnetic field strength in each hemisphere is a proper index for hemispheric dominance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2019

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in sociodemographic characteristics, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and healthcare needs among disabled persons with and without language disorder. Methods : Using raw data from the National Survey of the Disabled Person (2017), this study compared 6,320 disabled persons without language disorder and 229 disabled person with language disorder among 6,549 persons with disabilities. The dependent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, IADL, and healthcare needs. Results : People with language disorder were younger (p<.001), illiterate (p<.001), and had higher family income (p=.003) than people without language disorder. In addition, people with language disorder had a higher disability grade than people without language disorder (p<.001), and the percentages of brain injury, hearing impairment, and intellectual disability were higher among type of disability (p<.001). People with language disorder showed significantly higher dependence on all items of IADL than people without language disorder (p<.001). As the first-ranked healthcare need, people without language disorder had the highest percentage of "chronic illness management," and people with language disorder had the highest percentage of "disability management" (p<.001). Conclusion : The findings of the current investigation suggest that health care services are needed to improve IADL in people with language disorder and that the development of a disability management program for people with language disorder is required.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.371-381
• /
• 2017

The performance of the statistical context-sensitive spelling error correction depends on the quality and quantity of the data for statistical language model. In general, the size and quality of data in a statistical language model are proportional. However, as the amount of data increases, the processing speed becomes slower and storage space also takes up a lot. We suggest the improved statistical language model to solve this problem. And we propose an effective spelling error candidate generation method based on a new statistical language model. The proposed statistical model and the correction method based on it improve the performance of the spelling error correction and processing speed.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2003.10d
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2003

본 논문은 정제된 대용량 말뭉치로부터 얻은 음절 n-gram과 어절 통계를 이용한 한국어 자동 띄어쓰기 시스템을 제안한다. 한 문장 내에서 최적의 띄어쓰기 위치는 Viterbi 알고리즘에 의해 결정된다. 통계 기반 연구에 고유한 문제인 데이터 부족 문제, 학습 말뭉치 의존 문제를 개선하기 위하여 말뭉치를 확장하고 실험을 통해 얻은 매개변수를 사용하고 최장 일치 Viable Prefix를 찾아 어절 목록에 추가한다. 본 연구에 사용된 학습 말뭉치는 33,641,511어절로 구성되어 있으며 구어와 문어를 두루 포함한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1987.07a
• /
• pp.270-274
• /
• 1987

In this paper, the design method, design techniques and structure of a language for a SCARA type industrial robot, are presented. The proposed new language is modular and expandable using the C programming language and the 8086 assembly language. It is composed of monitor mode, editor mode, execution mode, I/O mode and teach mode. The developed language is implemented on the robot controller to verify its performance.