• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

The virtual reality (VR) cartoon is a format of VR contents that leverage the characteristics of webtoons that provides the simple story line and graphical storytelling tools to strategically surmount limitations of VR contents design. The VR cartoon enables people to experience the imaginary three-dimensional space in the webtoon as a real space by the transformation of webtoon contents through VR prototyping. The VR cartoon successfully presents focused environment where people can readily pay attention to the contents without notable motion sickness. People have been familiar with the storytelling strategy in the context of published cartoons and webtoons, likely we've understood the narrative of a movie through the continuous scenes projected in the screen. Indeed, it has been recognized as a popular toolset of communication, where visual images are sequentially delivered by replacing multiple planar spaces to tell a story narrative. While there are discrete panels with the time and space resolution in the graphical cartoons, people can distill a commit closure based on their past experiences. This is a typical "grammar" of the cartoon, which can be extrapolated to the VR cartoon that provides a seminal storytelling strategy. In this article, we review how the storytelling strategy in webtoons has been transformed into that in VR cartoons, and analyze the key components of VR cartoons. We envision that our research can potentially create keystones to produce variety of new VR contents by reflecting various narrative media including cartoon as a 'sequential art'.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.143-180
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• 2019

This article aims to examine the manner in which the 'Byeongmat' discourse was constructed, and the mechanism of the 'Byeongmat' discourse. I claim that the constructed discourse excludes disabled persons and women. When the 'Byeongmat' first appeared in the mainstream, it was understood as being presented only by webtoons. Furthermore 'Byeongmat' and webtoons were understood as almost synonymous. In this sense, it is no exaggeration to say that the way in which the 'Byeongmat' discourse was constructed is the way in which 'Byeongmat webtoons' were interpreted. In this article, to find out how the 'Byeongmat' discourse was constructed, I examine two things. First, the reception of media of 'Byeongmat'. 'Byeongmat' was at first understood as 'kitsch' by the media, but soon after generational meaning was added. Second, the interpretation of 'Byeongmat' in academia. In academia, the 'Byeongmat' discourse is advanced as a refined generationalism. Regardless of the 'Byeongmat webtoon' itself, 'Byeongmat webtoon' is interpreted as a text which is destructing narrative and filled with parodies. Furthermore this characteristic of the 'Byeongmat webtoon' is interpreted as a resistance culture of the younger generation. However, this interpretation serves as a mechanism which excludes the disabled and women. Currently, Korean society faces the popularization of the 'Byeongmat' code, the decline of the 'Byeongmat webtoons' and the crack of the younger generation discourse. The current situation allows the 'Byeongmat' discourse to be criticized without losing its social context while securing a distance of critcism. I expect that this article can contribute to further diversifying interpretations of 'Byeongmat' and 'Byeongmat webtoons', and accelerating the crack on the younger generation discourse.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.77-114
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• 2020

This article aims to examine the Sinpa of Along With the Gods: The Two Worlds. Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds was a box office hit with a 10 million attendance mark, but it was also criticized as a 'Korean Sinpa' at the time of its release. The original version of Along with the Gods is a Webtoon called Singwahamkke in Korean. The popularity of Singwahamkke and its adaptation, Along with the Gods was enormous, which prompted a very active research to be carried about the work. However there are only a few articles which analyze the Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds focusing on the Sinpa, even though the Sinpa of the Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds was a highly controversial issue when the movie was released. In this regard, this article tries to examine the Sinpa of the Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds closely, especially by comparing it with the original webtoon Singwahamkke Jeoseung. The body part of this article is composed of three major parts: chapters 2, 3, and 4. Chapter 2 contains an in depth explanation about the notion of Sinpa, the main conceptual research tool for this study. In chapter 3, the original webtoon Singwahamkke Jeoseung is examined closely. This chapter analyzes the 'Sinpajeok moment' in Singwahamkke Jeoseung and argues that despite the presence of Sinpa elements, the webtoon cannot be considered a 'Sinpajeok text'. On the other hand the main subject of chapter 4 is discovering what effect the adaptation from webtoon to movie had on this work, with a particular focus on the gender of Sinpa and Kim Ja-hong. Chapter 5, which corresponds to the conclusion, briefly evaluates the social significance of the controversy arisen in South Korea about the Sinpa in Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds. Sinpa is one of the most repeated code in the realm of Korean popular narrative. This is why the Sinpa of contemporary text is examined continuously even though there are already plenty of studies on the Sinpa. Everyone has called Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds Sinpa but no one has properly analyzed it. It is hoped that this article which closesly examined the Sinpa in Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds contribute to the field of Sinpa. It is also expected that this article can find appropriate contextual meaning of the series of Along with the Gods.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2022

Today's universities have a keen interest in educational reform. The issue of population decline in college-age due to population decline is not new. Universities have been developing quantitatively for a long time and are now considering ways to survive rather than qualitative growth. Since the sharp decline in the school-age population due to the population decline has no clear solution immediately, universities are overcoming this crisis by creating many alternatives. Attracting international students is one of them. In this study, the effectiveness of photovoice was examined through the analysis of the case of the Korean-Japanese convergence cartoon class. The photo-voice method has sufficient potential as a teaching method for foreign convergence classes and can be expected to play a role as a teaching method suitable for students participating in convergence classes with different social, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds. In particular, in the convergence class, since participating students generate research materials through photo production, it can be a tool for inner exploration necessary for webtoon production and a tool for narrative inquiry for storytelling. It is expected that expanding the understanding and use of photo voice will have the methodological value of convergence classes. In addition, the teaching method using photo voice produced in the composition of photos and stories is likely to be used as an appropriate tool for convergence classes for students with different social, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.183-212
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• 2020

GL(Girls' Love), which deals with romance between women, is considered a small, minor culture in the sub-culture market. Nevertheless, recent 'reboot feminism' in the voice of women in the epic that appears to be the central protagonist is increased, and interest in naturally glIncreasing. It encourages those who declare "post BL" to consume GLs featuring female characters instead of male characters. In an atmosphere where female creators consume female dictionaries who write women's stories and argue that they should expand the scope of their female counterparts, "Her Simcheong," a webtoon that won the 2018 Our Comics Award, explores the possibility of female epic through rewriting myths. Gender norms given to women, such as filial piety and nirvana, all get new names in . A good daughter is a liar, and a good wife has a woman she loves. Besides Simcheong, hit-and-run mothers, Jang Seung-sang's wife and Jang Seung-sang's daughter-in-law also focus on female characters' stories, highlighting solidarity among women to survive in a male-dominated society. In this process, solidarity among women naturally leads to GL imagination. Her Simcheong describes direct sexual contact, such as kissing and hugging among women, as beautiful illustrations, and shows romance between women in a manless world. While solidarity among women is always regarded as 'undangerous' friendship or girlish sensibility, the romance between women in breaks the cultural rules of women's growth novel and women's trade. This reveals the inconsistency of the conspiratorial male solidarity, which has been trading women around hegemony.