• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1276-1279
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• 2007

The main objectives of the Load/Unload are no slider-disk contact and no media damage. But, it remains unsolved technical problems on the unloading process. While the slider climbs up the ramp at the outer edge of the disk, the possibility of the slider-disk contact by lift-off force and rebound of the slider increases. Keeping in mind of these points, to prevent the slider-disk contact, we apply the disk bump on disk outer edge proceeding unload. First, referring to the simulation results, we select the optimal bump shapes to improve unload performance by unload analysis. Second, the disk bump is mechanically manufactured by pressing disk surface using tungsten tips. The bumps are variously processed by changing pressing pressure of tungsten tips. After confirming bump shape by nano-scanner, the optimal bump shape is applied to experimental unload process. Through this experiment, it is conformed that the unload performance was improved by using the optimal disk bump to prevent the slider-disk contact.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1220-1221
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• 2008

Submicron-sized conical-type tungsten(W) field-emitters based on carbon nanotubes(CNTs) are fabricated with the configuration of CNTs/catalyst(Ni)/buffer(Al/Ni/TiN)/W-tip. This study focuses on elucidating how the Al/Ni/TiN stacked buffer layer affects the structural properties of CNTs and the electron-emission characteristics of CNT-emitters. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) are used to monitor the nanostructures, surface morphologies, chemical bonds of all the catalysts and CNTs grown. The crystalline structure of CNTs is also characterized by Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the measurement of field-emission characteristics for the field-emitters fabricated shows that the emitter using the Al/Ni/TiN stacked buffer reveals the excellent performances.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.233-233
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of tungsten addition on mechanical properties, we prepared refractory (62χ)Nb-18Si-l00Mo-l0Ti-χW (χ=0, 5, 10 and 15 mol.%) in-situ composites by the conventional arc-casting technique, and then explored the microstructure, hardness and elastic modulus at ambient temperature and tensile properties at 1670 K. The microstructure consists of relatively fine (Nb, Mo, W, Ti)/sub 5/Si₃, silicide and a Nb solid solution matrix, and the fine eutectic microstructure becomes predominant at a Si content of around 18 mol.%. The hardness of (Nb, Mo, W, Ti(/sub 5/Si₃, silicide in a W-free sample is 1680 GPa, and goes up to 1980 GPa in a W 15 mol.% sample. The hardness, however, of Nb solid solution does not exhibit a remarkable difference when the nominal W content is increased. The elastic modulus shows a similar tendency to the hardness. The optimum tensile properties of the composites investigated are achieved at W 5 mol.% sample, which exhibits a relatively good ultimate strength of 230 MPa and an excellent balance of yield strength of 215 MPa, and an elongation of 3.7%. The SEM fractography generally indicates a ductile fracture in the W-free sample, and a cleavage rupture in W-impregnated ones.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.327-327
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• 2011

A nonthermal bioplasma source was developed for application to human liquid fluids by making use of nano-size tungsten tips. Characteristics of the plasma source are investigated. Here we have used the AC voltage system. The bioplasma source generated by a tungsten tip with quartz tube and ground electrode is a low-temperature plasma without making any noticeable damage to cells at a low power operation. The breakdown voltage and current signals are measured by high voltage probe (Tektronix P6015A) and current probe (P6021). Variation of breakdown temperature near the tip electrode is larger than that in the neighborhood of ground electrode. Bubble formation during discharge has been recorded and investigated by using the high speed camera. The existence and behavior of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals are detected and measured by spectrometers. The electrical and optical properties of breakdown characteristics are also investigated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.3981-3986
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• 2012

Anatase nanocrystalline and its tungsten-doped (0.4, 2, and 4 mol %) powders have been synthesized by microwave irradiation through hydrolysis of titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TIP) in aqueous solution. The materials are characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM-EDX, TEM, FT-IR and UV-vis techniques. The nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ particles are 30 nm in nature and doping of tungsten ion decreases their size. As seen in TEM images, the crystallites of W (4 mol %) doped $TiO_2$ are small with a size of about 10 nm. The photocatalytic activity was tested on the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Catalytic activities of W-doped and pure $TiO_2$ were also compared. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of the W-doped $TiO_2$ photocatalyst is much higher than that of pure $TiO_2$. Degradation decreases from 96 to 50%, during 115 min, when the initial 4-NP concentration increases from 10 to 120 ppm. Maximum degradation was obtained at 35 mg of photocatalyst.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2011

이 논문에서는 반도체의 기판으로 사용되는 Si(silicon)기판과 금속배선 물질인 Cu(copper)의 확산을 효과적으로 방지하기 위한 W(Tungsten)-C(Carbon)-N(Nitrogen) 확산방지막을 제시하였고, 시료 증착을 위하여 rf magnetron sputter를 사용하여 동일한 증착조건에서 질소(N)의 비율을 다르게 증착한 후 시료의 열적 안정성 측정을 위하여 상온에서 $800^{\circ}C$까지 각각 질소 분위기에서 30분간 열처리 과정을 실시하여 열적 손상을 인가하였다. 이후 Nanoindentation 기법을 이용하여 총 16 points에서 Elastic modulus와 Weibull distribution을 측정하였다. 그 결과 질화물질이 고온에서 물성변화가 적게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었고, 온도변화에 따른 박막의 균일도와 결정성 또한 질화물질에서 더 안정적이었다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2017

The effect of the mixing method on the characteristics of hybrid-structure W powder with nano and micro sizes is investigated. Fine $WO_3$ powders with sizes of ${\sim}0.6{\mu}m$, prepared by ball milling for 10 h, are mixed with pure W powder with sizes of $12{\mu}m$ by various mixing process. In the case of simple mixing with ball-milled $WO_3$ and micro sized W powders, $WO_3$ particles are locally present in the form of agglomerates in the surface of large W powders, but in the case of ball milling, a relatively uniform distribution of $WO_3$ particles is exhibited. The microstructural observation reveals that the ball milled $WO_3$ powder, heat-treated at $750^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in a hydrogen atmosphere, is fine W particles of ~200 nm or less. The powder mixture prepared by simple mixing and hydrogen reduction exhibits the formation of coarse W particles with agglomeration of the micro sized W powder on the surface. Conversely, in the powder mixture fabricated by ball milling and hydrogen reduction, a uniform distribution of fine W particles forming nano-micro sized hybrid structure is observed.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

In this study, the tribology of laser patterned DLC thin film was studied. DLC thin films were coated by RF-PECVD to improve the durability of tungsten carbide (WC) materials. DLC thin films have high hardness and low friction characteristics. Dot and line patterning was processed on the surface of DLC thin film with femtosecond laser, and the coefficient of friction was improved. As a result of ball on disk abrasion test, the hardness and friction coefficient of DLC thin films were much better than that of WC material. The friction coefficient of DLC thin film with dot patterning and line patterning showed better results. The excellent performance of the laser patterned DLC coating is appeared to reduce the coefficient of friction due to the reduction of surface contact area.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.300-300
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• 2011

알루미늄을 이용한 배선은 반도체 소자가 초집적화와 초소고속화 됨에 따라, 피로현상과 지연시간 등 배선으로서의 많은 문제점을 가지고 있어, 차세대 배선 재료로서 전기적인 특성 등이 우수한 구리에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 구리는 낮은 온도에서 확산이 잘되어 배선 층간의 절연에 문제점을 야기 시킨다. 따라서, 구리를 배선에 적용하여 신뢰성 있는 제품을 만들기 위해서는 확산방지막이 필요하다. 확산방지막은 집적화와 더불어 배선의 두께가 줄어 듦에 따라 소자의 특성에 영향을 미치지 않는 범위 내에서 저항은 낮고, 두께는 얇아야 하며, 높은 종횡비를 갖는 구조에서도 균일한 박막을 형성하여야 하므로, 원자층 증착공정을 이용한 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 텅스텐 질화막을 이용한 확산방지막은 WF6 전구체를 이용한 보고가 많지만, 높은 증착 온도와 부산물로 인한 부식가능성 이라는 문제점을 안고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는, 기존의 할라이드 계열을 이용한 원자층 증착공정의 단점을 보완하기 위하여, 아마이드 계열의 전구체를 사용하여 텅스텐 질화막을 형성하였으며, 이를 통해 공정온도를 낮출 수 있었다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2001

The synthesis and characteristics of W-Ni-Fe nanocomposite powder by hydrogen reduction of ball milled W-Ni-Fe oxide mixture were investigated. The ball milled oxide mixture was prepared by high energy attrition milling of W blue powder, NiO and $Fe_2O_3$ for 1 h. The structure of the oxide mixture was characteristic of nano porous agglomerate composite powder consisting of nanoscale particles and pores which act as effective removal path of water vapor during hydrogen reduction process. The reduction experiment showed that the reduction reaction starts from NiO, followed by $Fe_2O_3$ and finally W oxide. It was also found that during the reduction process rapid alloying of Ni-Fe yielded the formation of $\gamma$-Ni-Fe. After reduction at 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, the nano-composite powder of W-4.57Ni-2.34Fe comprising W and $\gamma$-Ni-Fe phases was produced, of which grain size was35nm for W and 87 nm for $\gamma$-Ni-Fe, respectively. Sinterability of the W heavy alloy nanopowder showing full density and sound microstructure under the condition of 147$0^{\circ}C$/20 min is thought to be suitable for raw material for powder injection molding of tungsten heavy alloy.