• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.157-171
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• 2019

In this research, the dynamic instability region (DIR) of the sandwich nano-beams are investigated based on nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory (NSGET) and various higher order shear deformation beam theories (HSDBTs). The sandwich piezoelectric nano-beam is including a homogenous core and face-sheets reinforced with functionally graded (FG) carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In present study, three patterns of CNTs are employed in order to reinforce the top and bottom face-sheets of the beam. In addition, different higher-order shear deformation beam theories such as trigonometric shear deformation beam theory (TSDBT), exponential shear deformation beam theory (ESDBT), hyperbolic shear deformation beam theory (HSDBT), and Aydogdu shear deformation beam theory (ASDBT) are considered to extract the governing equations for different boundary conditions. The beam is subjected to thermal and electrical loads while is resting on Visco-Pasternak foundation. Hamilton principle is used to derive the governing equations of motion based on various shear deformation theories. In order to analysis of the dynamic instability behaviors, the linear governing equations of motion are solved using differential quadrature method (DQM). After verification with validated reference, comprehensive numerical results are presented to investigate the influence of important parameters such as various shear deformation theories, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, the volume fraction of the CNTs, various distributions of the CNTs, different boundary conditions, dimensionless geometric parameters, Visco-Pasternak foundation parameters, applied voltage and temperature change on the dynamic instability characteristics of sandwich piezoelectric nano-beam.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.677-687
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• 2017

The nonlinear buckling response of nano composite anti-symmetric functionally graded polymeric microplate reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) rested on orthotropic elastomeric foundation with temperature dependent properties is investigated. For the carbon-nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) microplate, a uniform distribution (UD) and four types of functionally graded (FG) distribution are considered. Based on orthotropic Mindlin plate theory, von Karman geometric nonlinearity and Hamilton's principle, the governing equations are derived. Generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is employed to calculate the non-linear buckling response of the plate. Effects of FG distribution type, elastomeric foundation, aspect ratio (thickness to width ratio), boundary condition, orientation of foundation orthotropy and temperature are considered. The results are validated. It is found that the critical buckling load without elastic medium is significantly lower than considering Winkler and Pasternak medium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.668-669
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• 2008

In this paper, we introduce various coarse-grained elastic network modeling (ENM) techniques as a novel computational method for simulating atomic scale dynamics in macromolecules including DNA, RNA, protein, and polymer. In ENM, a system is modeled as a spring network among representative atoms in which each linear elastic spring is well designed to replace both bonded and nonbonded interactions among atoms in the sense of quantum mechanics. Based on this simplified system, a harmonic Hookean potential is defined and used for not only calculating intrinsic vibration modes of a given system, but also predicting its anharmonic conformational change, both of which are strongly related with its functional features. Various nano and bio applications of ENM such as fracture mechanics of nanocomposite and protein dynamics show that ENM is one of promising tools for simulating atomic scale dynamics in a more effective and efficient way comparing to the traditional molecular dynamics simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.551-552
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• 2006

This study was attended to demonstrate synthesis of silver nanoparticles stabilized with polymer and their applicability to printed electronics. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate in aqueous solution in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer. The ink used here is composed of 50 wt% Ag NP, 15 wt% humectant and then were printed on polyimide film. Particle deposit morphologies were controlled by varying the ink compositions. Printed silver patterns and dots were cured on a convection oven in air at $300^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. The printed patterns show good shape definition and the resistivity of the printed films is about $5{\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.177.2-177.2
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• 2015

Nano-mechanics 연구는 기판의 나노표면에 대하여 indenter tip을 직접 인가하여 측정함으로써 기존 분광학 연구에서는 불가능했던 박막의 기계적 특성 연구가 가능하다. 그러나 박막분석 특성상 박막의 표면, 기판 또는 하부 박막에 의한 영향으로 인해 박막의 고유한 물성특성 연구에 제약이 있다. 박막 표면에 의한 영향인 표면효과는 nano-indentation을 실행 할 때 tip의 압입으로 발생되는 표면의 스트레스로 인해 표면 변형이 나타나는 현상이다. 반면에 하부 박막과 기판에 의한 오류는 nano-indentation 실행 시 tip의 압입 깊이가 깊어질수록 하부박막 또는 기판과 가까워지기 때문에 박막 고유의 특성이 아닌 하부박막과 기판에 의한 영향이 같이 나타나는 현상이다. 이러한 오류를 최소화 하고자 많은 연구에서는 박막의 강도에 따라 nano-indentation의 실행 깊이를 박막 총 두께의 최소7%에서 최대 50%까지 삽입하는 방법을 도입하였다. 이를 기반으로 본 연구는 Zirconium nitride (ZrN) 박막의 증착된 두께 깊이만큼 nano-indentation 분석을 실행 하였으며 박막 고유의 nano-mechanics 특성을 연구 하였다. ZrN 박막은 hard coating 분야에 많이 사용되는 물질로 박막 고유의 hardness를 연구하는 것이 큰 의미가 있다. 연구 결과 모든 박막은 두께 30% 깊이 측정에서 박막 표면과 기판효과가 최소화된 박막의 물성 측정이 가능 하였고, 증착 시 질소를 0.5, 1, 2 sccm 흘려준 박막들은 총 두께 30% 깊이에서 hardness가 각각 23.2, 8.6, 18 GPa이었다. 따라서 nano-indenter 측정 시 유효한 측정 깊이에서 측정을 실시하는 것이, 박막의 물성분석에 있어서 대단히 중요함을 확인 하였다.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.1876-1882
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• 2008

Nano manipulator is used to manufacture Carbon NanoTube(CNT) tips. Using nano manipulator, operator attaches a CNT at the apex of Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) tip, which requires a mastery of mechanics and long manufacture time. Nano manipulator is installed inside a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) chamber to observe the operation. This paper presents a control scheme for horizontal axes of nano manipulator via processing SEM image. Edges of AFM tip and CNT are first detected, and the position information so obtained is fed to control horizontal axes of nano manipulator. That is, a visual servoing loop is realized to control the axes more precisely in nano scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.189-189
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• 2012

Lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) are promising materials for various optoelectronic devices, especially solar cells, because of their tunability of the optical band-gap controlled by adjusting the diameter of NQDs. PbS is a IV-VI semiconductor enabling infrared-absorption and it can be synthesized using solution process methods. A wide choice of the diameter of PbS NQDs is also a benefit to achieve the quantum confinement regime due to its large Bohr exciton radius (20 nm). To exploit these desirable properties, many research groups have intensively studied to apply for the photovoltaic devices. There are several essential requirements to fabricate the efficient NQDs-based solar cell. First of all, highly confined PbS QDs should be synthesized resulting in a narrow peak with a small full width-half maximum value at the first exciton transition observed in UV-Vis absorbance and photoluminescence spectra. In other words, the size-uniformity of NQDs ought to secure under 5%. Second, PbS NQDs should be assembled carefully in order to enhance the electronic coupling between adjacent NQDs by controlling the inter-QDs distance. Finally, appropriate structure for the photovoltaic device is the key issue to extract the photo-generated carriers from light-absorbing layer in solar cell. In this step, workfunction and Fermi energy difference could be precisely considered for Schottky and hetero junction device, respectively. In this presentation, we introduce the strategy to obtain high performance solar cell fabricated using PbS NQDs below the size of the Bohr radius. The PbS NQDs with various diameters were synthesized using methods established by Hines with a few modifications. PbS NQDs solids were assembled using layer-by-layer spin-coating method. Subsequent ligand-exchange was carried out using 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) to reduce inter-NQDs distance. Finally, Schottky junction solar cells were fabricated on ITO-coated glass and 150 nm-thick Al was deposited on the top of PbS NQDs solids as a top electrode using thermal evaporation technique. To evaluate the solar cell performance, current-voltage (I-V) measurement were performed under AM 1.5G solar spectrum at 1 sun intensity. As a result, we could achieve the power conversion efficiency of 3.33% at Schottky junction solar cell. This result indicates that high performance solar cell is successfully fabricated by optimizing the all steps as mentioned above in this work.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2007

Future MEMS systems will be composed of larger varieties of devices with very different functionality such as electronics, mechanics, optics and bio-chemistry. Integration technology of heterogeneous devices must be developed. This article first deals with the current development trend of new fabrication technologies; those include self-assembling of parts over a large area, wafer-scale encapsulation by wafer-bonding, nano imprinting, and roll-to-roll printing. In the latter half of the article, the concept towards the heterogeneous integration of devices and functionality into micro/nano systems is described. The key idea is to combine the conventional top-down technologies and the novel bottom-up technologies for building nano systems. A simple example is the carbon nano tube interconnection that is grown in the via-hole of a VLSI chip. In the laboratory level, the position-specific self-assembly of nano parts on a DNA template was demonstrated through hybridization of probe DNA segments attached to the parts. Also, bio molecular motors were incorporated in a micro fluidic system and utilized as a nano actuator for transporting objects in the channel.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.23-31
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• 2009

• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.411-422
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• 2023

In the present study, the axial vibration of the nanorods is investigated in the framework of the doublet mechanics theory. The equations of motion and boundary conditions of nanorods are derived by applying the Hamilton principle. A finite element method is developed to obtain the vibration frequencies of nanorods for different boundary conditions. A two-noded higher order rod finite element is used to solve the vibration problem. The natural frequencies of nanorods obtained with the present finite element analysis are validated by comparing the results of classical doublet mechanics and nonlocal strain gradient theories. The effects of rod length, mode number and boundary conditions on the axial vibration frequencies of nanorods are examined in detail. Mode shapes of the nanorods are presented for the different boundary conditions. It is shown that the doublet mechanics model can be used for the dynamic analysis of nanotubes, and the presented finite element formulation can be used for mechanical problems of rods with unavailable analytical solutions. These new results can also be used as references for the future studies.