• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2011

To find seasonally optimal microalgae for mass culture of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, the growth rates of 12 microalgal species (two marine Chlorella spp., five marine Nannochloris spp., two marine Nannochloropsis spp., one estuarine Nannochloropsis sp., and two estuarine Chlorella spp.) were compared at $25^{\circ}C$ at 15 psu and 30 psu. Among these, six species showing high growth rates were chosen and examined again at high ($30^{\circ}C$ and $32^{\circ}C$) and low ($10^{\circ}C$) temperatures. Their amino and fatty acids and the dietary value of the rotifers that fed on each microalgal species were examined. Nannochloris sp. (KMMCC-119) and Chlorella vulgaris (KMMCC-120) showed the highest growth rates at temperatures over $30^{\circ}C$ and at $10^{\circ}C$, respectively. The growth rate of Nannochloris was higher than those of Chlorella and Nannochloropsis at high temperatures, but lower than those of the latter at low temperatures. The growth rate of rotifers fed on Nannochloropsis was highest and that of those fed on Chlorella was lowest. Levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were highest in Nannochloropsis and lowest in Nannochloris. However, total amino acid content was highest in Nannochloris and lowest in Chlorella. In conclusion, Nannochloropsis sp. (KMMCC-33) was the best microalgal species for the mass culture of the rotifer. However, during high- or low-temperature seasons in which Nannochloropsis does not grow well, Nannochloris spp. (KMMCC-119, 395) and C. vulgaris (KMMCC-120) would adequately replace Nannochloropsis sp. (KMMCC-33).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2022

This study aims to know the effect of water-extracted horseradish Moringa oleifera leaf and KW21 fertilizer combination application on the density of Nannochloropsis sp. It was conducted in the Natural Food Laboratory of State Polytechnique, Tual. The experiment used complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications: A (25% horseradish leaf extract + 75% KW21), B (50% horseradish leaf extract + 50% KW21), C (75% horseradish leaf extract + 25% KW21), D (positive control of 100% KW21), and E (negative control of 100% horseradish leaf extract). Results showed that Treatment C yielded the best result, both the highest density of Nannochloropsis sp. and suitable harvest time.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 저온 해양성 미세조류인 Nannochloropsis sp.를 대상으로 (주)아이엠비즈에서 개발한 수직형 고효율 광배양기를 통한 생산성 평가를 목적으로 2톤의 배양액으로 자가영양의 옥외생장실험을 진행하였다. 한달간 진행된 실험에서, 0.1%의 $CO_2$를 주입한 배양에서는 일평균 0.953g/L의 생산성을 나타냈으며, 공기만을 주입했을 경우에는 0.574g/L의 생산성을 나타냈다. 온도의 분포는 최저 $20^{\circ}C$에서 최고 $31^{\circ}C$에 이르렀으며, 이 범위에서 온도에 따른 생산성의 변화는 크게 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 빛의 세기는 최저 5,000럭스에서 최고 4만 럭스 내외로 조사되었으며, 빛의 세기와 미세조류의 생장사이에 매우 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편, 본 실험에서 시도된 개발된 배양기를 통한 가압부상에 의한 조류의 수확방법은 효과가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2013

The marine microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. was cultured under a metal halide lamp (MH) or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of various wavelengths (blue, LB; red, LR; yellow, LY; green, LG; white, LW); changes in growth, total carotenoid, chlorophyll a, amino acid and fatty acid profiles were investigated. LB-exposed cultures exhibited the highest specific growth rate (SGR) (0.32), whereas LY-exposed cultures showed the lowest SGR (0.18). After cultivation for 9 days, the maximum dry cell weight (g/L) of LB-exposed cultures was significantly higher than that of those exposed to other light conditions (LB>MH>LW$${\geq_-}LG{\geq_-}$$LR>LY). The essential amino acid (EAA, %) contents of cultures exposed to LG, LB, LR and MH were higher than those exposed to LY and LW (P<0.05). Eicosapentaenoic acid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid levels were significantly higher in MH-exposed cultures compared to those exposed to LY (P<0.05), with no marked difference compared to those exposed to LB, LG, LR and LW (P>0.05). The total carotenoid content was highest in LR-exposed cultures (18.0 mg/L), whereas MH showed the lowest (11.8 mg/L; P<0.05). Chlorophyll a content was highest in cultures exposed to LR compared to other light sources. These results suggest consistent differences in growth and biochemical composition after exposure to light of different wavelengths.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 미세조류인 Nannochloropsis sp.로부터 바이오디젤 생산용 지질을 얻기 위하여 유기용매 및 초임계 이산화탄소(SC-$CO_2$)를 이용하여 추출을 수행하였다. SC-$CO_2$ 추출법으로 얻은 지질의 지방산메틸에스테르 함량은 58.31%로 높았으며, Bligh-Dyer 추출법은 18.0 wt.%의 가장 높은 조지방 수율을 나타내었다. SC-$CO_2$ 추출법에 극성을 높이기 위해 공용매로서 methanol을 사용한 결과, 조지방 수율 12.5 wt.%, 지방산메틸에스테르 함량 56.32%, 지방산메틸에스테르 수율 7.04 wt.%였으며, SC-$CO_2$ 만을 이용하는 추출 방법에 비하여 추출 시간을 2시간에서 30분으로 단축시킬 수 있었다. 따라서 미세조류에서 지질을 추출하는데 기존의 유기용매 추출법과 비교하여 SC-$CO_2$ 추출법이 친환경적이며, 효율적인 방법임을 확인하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.24.1-24.8
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• 2017

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different algae in diet on growth, survival, and interleukin-10 productions of sea cucumber. At first, a 9-week feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and survival of the sea cucumber fed one of the six experimental diets containing ST (Sargassum thunbergii), UL (Ulva lactuca), UP (Undaria pinnatifida), LJ (Laminaria japonica), SS (Schizochytrium sp.), and NO (Nannochloropsis oculata) in a recirculating aquaculture system. The result showed that survival was not significantly different among the dietary treatments, and the specific growth rate (SGR) of sea cucumber fed the UL diet ($1.58%d^{-1}$) was significantly higher than that of sea cucumber fed the other diets (P < 0.05), except for the LJ and NO diets. Secondly, interleukin (IL)-10 gene expression was determined where mice splenocytes were stimulated with $10{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ of sea cucumber extracts for 2 h. The result showed that IL-10 gene expression levels were significantly increased in UL, LJ, and NO diets fed sea cucumber extracts compared to other experimental diets. The results suggest that dietary inclusion with Ulva lactuca, Laminaria japonica, and Nannochloropsis oculata algae may improve the growth of juvenile sea cucumber and could upregulate IL-10 gene expression in mice splenocytes. Such detailed information could be helpful in further development of more appropriate diets for sea cucumber culture.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.462-471
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• 2017

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of thiamine is a cofactor for enzymes involved in central metabolism pathways. However, it is also known to have a role as a stress signaling molecule in response to environmental changes. Anabaena sp. and N. oculata are microorganisms which are abundantly found in Malaysia's freshwater and marine ecosystem. However, not much studies have been done especially in regards to thiamine biosynthesis. This work aimed to amplify of gene transcripts coding for thiamine biosynthesis enzymes besides looking at the expression of thiamine biosynthesis genes upon stress application. Various stress inducers were applied to the cultures and RNA was extracted at different time points. The first two genes, ThiC and ThiG/Thi4 encoding enzymes of the pyrimidine and thiazole branch respectively in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway were identified and amplified. The expression of the genes were analysed via RT-PCR and the intensity of bands were analysed using ImageJ software. The results showed up to 4-fold increase in the expression of ThiC and ThiG gene transcript as compared to control sample in Anabaena sp. ThiC gene in N. oculata showed an expression of 6-fold higher as compared to control sample. In conclusion, stresses induced the expression of the gene coding for one of the most important enzymes in thiamine biosynthesis pathway. This is an agreement with the hypothesis that overexpression of thiamine is crucial in assisting plants to combat abiotic stresses.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2017

Mixed A, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata, Chaetoceros calcitrans 등 4종류의 미세조류로부터 99.9% 에탄올로 추출한 성분의 항균활성을 검증하기 위해 그람음성세균 2종(E. coli, S. Typhimurium)과 그람양성세균 2종(S. aureus, B. cereus)에 대하여 paper disk diffusion assay, MIC, MBC를 측정하였다. 4종류의 미세조류 추출물은 공시균주에 대하여 0.62-1.66 mg/mL의 MIC를 나타내었으며, C. vulgaris 추출물이 4종의 공시균주에 대한 MIC가 0.62 mg/mL로 가장 강한 항균활성을 나타내었으며, MBC 또한 C. vulgaris 에탄올 추출물이 E. coli에 대해 2.50 mg/mL, S. aureus, B. cereus와 S. Typhimurium에 대해서는 4.16-5.00 mg/mL로 가장 강한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 항균활성이 가장 강한 C. vulgaris 에탄올 추출물의 성분을 분석한 결과, 함량이 가장 많은 성분은 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (linoelaidic acid, peak 5, 7)로 38.8%이었으며, 그 다음이 2-Hexadecen-1-o1, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl (phytol, peak 2,6)로 30.0%이었다. Octadecadienoic acid는 일명 linoelaidic acid로 탄소수 18개의 고도불포화지방산이며, 두 번째로 함량이 많은 Phytol은 클로로필을 구성하는 불포화 제1급 알코올의 일종으로서(엽록소의 구성 성분) 병원성 대장균 및 황색포도상구균에 항균활성을 나타낸다는 보고로 볼 때, 이 2가지 성분이 항균활성의 주성분인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2016

Several of our recent studies have focused on mass production of the marine Cladoceran Diaphanosoma celebensis, which can serve as a feed substitute for Artemia nauplii in the culture of larval marine fish. We compared the growth and survival rates of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes fed D. celebensis with those fed Artemia. The group fed D. celebensis showed an increase in growth from 0.10 g to 1.78 g, while the group fed enriched Artemia had a growth from 0.10 g to 0.92 g. The survival rate of fish fed D. celebensis was 86.7% while that of fish fed enriched Artemia was 51.1%, indicating that the former group was superior to the latter both in growth and survival rate. Fatty acid analysis revealed that D. celebensis fed Nannochloropsis oculata and Schizochytrium sp. had an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content of 16.42% and a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of 3.93%. Meanwhile, juvenile tiger puffer fed D. celebensis had an EPA content of 9.12% and a DHA content of 10.69%. Juvenile tiger puffer fed D. celebensis had a similar n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content to that of tiger puffer fed enriched Artemia which had an EPA content of 5.82% and a DHA content of 15.90%, indicating that no additional enrichment was required.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 1998

rotifer의 배양조에 혼재된 Artemia가 rotifer의 증식에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 실험에는 Koshiki주의 rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis와 미국 샌프란시스코의 Great Salt lake주의 Artemia sp.를 사용했다. 그리고 모든 실험은 염분을 22ppt, 배양 온도는 $25^{\circ}C.$, 먹이로서 N. oculata을 2일 간격으로 ml 당 $7{\times}10^5$ 세포씩 공급하면서, 50 ml의 비이커에 N. oculata 현탁액을 40ml씩 넣고, rotifer 20마리 그리고 Artemia는 3마리씩 각 수조에 수용하여 각 생물들을 단일종 배양한 경우와 혼합 배양한 경우의 증식을 비교하였다. rotifer와 Artemia 유생을 혼합 배양한 경우, 두 생물은 한정된 먹이 N. oculata 조건하에서 먹이 경쟁(food competition)을 하였다. 또한, rotifer의 대량 배양조에 Artemia 성체의 급속한 섭식 활동에 의해서 심각한 먹이 부족 현상을 일으켰다. 결국, Artemia 성체는 rotifer의 안정적인 생산을 크게 방해하는 rotifer 증식 억제 요인으로서 작용했다. 즉, rotifer을 안정적으로 생산하기 위해서는 종묘 생산 과정에서 유발될 수 있는 Artemia의 혼재가 일어나지 않도록 각별한 주의가 필요하다.