• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.216-221
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• 2004

Changes in physiological functionality of giant embryonic rice by germination process were investigated using 70% ethanolic extract of the rices. Physiological functionality was evaluated by determining the reducing power, phenolic compound content, GABA content, and antimutagenicity. The results showed that the order of reducing power of the non-germinated rices was Nampung giant embryonic rice>normal rice> Whachung giant embryonic rice, however, the activity was high as the order of Whachung giant embryonic rice> Nampung giant embryonic rice> normal rice by germination process. About 3-fold activity increase was observed for Whachung giant embryonic rice, while, the activity of Nampung giant embryonic rice and normal rice decreased by the same treatment. The phenolic compound content of three rice cultivars were found to be almost same levels. Germination of rice increased the content of phenolic compounds by 2.6-fo1d without any considerable changes for both Nampung giant embryonic rice and normal rice. The GABA contents was highest in Whachung giant embryonic rice, followed by Nampung giant embryonic rice, normal rice in either germination or non-germination condition. The germination increased the GABA contents by more than 2.4-fold for all rice cultivars tested. We also found an increase in the antimutagenic activity by germination process for all cultivars, where the activity was the greatest for Whachung cultivar.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.721-726
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• 2010

'Nampung', a new soybean cultivar for soy-paste, was developed from the cross between Suwon190 and 'Pokwangkong' by soybean breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. A promising line, SS97215-S-S-20, was selected and designated as the name of Milyang162. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials(RYT) for three years from 2005 to 2007 and was released as the name of 'Nampung'. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, light brown hilum, medium spherical seed (19.9 grams per 100 seeds). 'Nampung' is resistant to soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule, the major soybean disease in Korea. It is possible to harvest of 'Nampung' using combine because of it's lodging tolerance, few branches, and high position of pod attachment. The average yield of 'Nampung' is 2.97 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2005 to 2007 which is 21 percent higher than the check variety, 'Taekwang'.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.258-264
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• 2000

Starches from the eight varieties of rice were analyzed using scanning electron microscope(SEM), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and X-ray diffractometry, and tested on the starch-granule susceptibility to 15% $H_2SO_4$ and glucoamylase. The shape of starch granules from normal rice varieties and low-amylose mutants were polygonal while shrunken and floury mutants were globular. According to DSC, starches from Nampung CB243 showed higher onset temperature$(T_o)$, completion temperature$(T_c)$ and Punchilmi, Nampung EM90 showed higher enthalpy$({\triangle}H)$ of gelatinization than others. shr showed the highest hydrolysis rate to 15% $H_2SO_4$ while Nampung CB243 showed the lowest one. Eight varieties of rice starch granules showed A-type pattern on X-ray diffractograms. The lower amylose content rice varieties showed the higher hydrolysis rate treated with glucoamylase.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2001

The amylose content, based on iodine blue value, of eight rice cultivars decreased in order of Nampungbyeo>Whachungbyeo>Punchilmi>Nampung CB243>Whachung du-1>Nampung EM90>Whachungchalbyeo>shr. The amylopectin chain length distribution was obtained by enzyme treatments followed by high-performance size-exclusion chromatographic separation. Chain length distribution profiles of the isoamylase-debranched starches showed distinct patterns according to cultivars. Based on the sensory evaluation result of the bread prepared from gluten and rice flours of eight rice cultivars, chewiness of the product was related with the presence of amylose while the short-chain amylopectin fraction was contributed to the texture and overall quality.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

70% ethanolic extracts were prepared from the three mutant rice cultivars with giant embryo termed Shinsunchal-giant embryonic rice, Whachung-giant embryonic rice and Nampung-giant embryonic rice, and its antioxidative and antimutagenic properties were evaluated and compared. For analysing antioxidativity, various antioxidative indices, such as electron donating ability to DPPH radical, scavenging capacity to hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton reaction, scavenging capacity to superoxide radicals generated by HPX/XOD system, inhibitory effect on autoxidation of linoleic acid and inhibitory effect on membrane lipid peroxidation derived from rabbit erythrocyte ghost, were determined. For analysing antimutagenicity, suppressive effects on mutagenesis induced by the chemical mutagen, mitomycin C, were measured using E. coli PQ 37 as a indicator cell. The results showed that for both antioxidativity and antimutagenicity the giant embryonic rices were more effective compared to the general cooking rice, Among the giant embryonic rice cultivars, Nampung-giant embryonic rice tended to be most effective, showing its scavenging activity to DPPH radical, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical, and inhibitory activity to lipid peroxidation was 2,3-, 3,3-, 1.7-, and 2.5-fold greater than those of normal rice, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of two giant embryonic rices, Nampung giant embryonic rice and Hwachung giant embryonic rice, were investigated mainly focusing on their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and scavenge reactive oxygen species in comparison with those of general rice. The results showed that germination process increased reducing power, inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation and scavenging ability either on superoxide or hydroxyl radicals. Among the cultivars tested, increase in antioxidative action was found to be most prominent for Hwachung giant embryonic rice cultivar. For scavenging of superoxide radicals, the extract from Nampung giant embryonic rice has the most potent activity, however, increasing rate of scavenging activity by germination process was also found to be the greatest for Hwachung giant embryonic rice. We found that the scavenging mechanism for superoxide radicals was attributed to the direct scavenging of the radicals. The scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, the most toxic oxygen radical to biological system, by the rice extracts were also examined, and the results showed that either overall activity or the increasing rate of the activity to scavenge hydroxyl radicals by germination process was the greatest for Hwachung giant embryonic rice. Moreover, the results suggested that the scavenging action to hydroxyl radicals might be mediated by direct quenching of the radicals, not by chelating $Fe^{2+}$. Further studies showed that the antioxidant action of the rice extracts tested in vitro was also operative for suppressing ROS production induced in TPA-stimulated HL-60 cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2000

Relationship among the properties of rice, such as amylose contents of endosperm starch, sugar content and amylogram characteristics, and processing properties for rice bread was studied. The amylose content of the rice cultivars decreased in order of Nampungbyeo, Whachungbyeo>Punchilmi(fl)>Nampung CB243> Whachung du-I, Nampung EM90>Whachung-chalbyeo>shr. Protein contents of rice tested in this study were almost same level, however, shr, the high sugar rice, showed the highest protein content scored as 8.2%. The study showed that the amylose contents of rice cultivars were negatively correlated with their protein contents. The starting temperatures for gelatinization of the flour of Punchilmi(fl) and Shurunken(shr) were low, however, in case of Whachungbyeo and Nampungbyeo plus their mutants derived from the both, the stickiness and the hardness of the flours were shown to be positively correlated with the amylose contents. In addition, loaf volume tested using sensory evaluation and overall quality showed the same tendency. Among the rice cultivars tested in this study, breads made from white rice had good qualities in bread making process than those made from brown rice. The bread made from Nampungbyeo was demonstrated to have highest score e in overall quality, as well as the lowest retrogradation index during storage at $4^{\circ}C$

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.158-172
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• 2000

In order to visualize mine cavities, 3D seismic reflection data were acquired at the ground subsidence sites near Nampung coal mine area, Neukguri, Dogye, Samchuck. Full range 3D array with complete range of azimuths on the bins was considered in the data acquisition design. Because of poor S/N data, we estimated the stacking velocities by CVS method, and we estimated the shot and receiver statics on the shot and receiver stack data. We could confirm that features of ground collapse that were expected from the subsidence. In order to visualize the cavities, we need to apply more sophisticated processing schemes, such as velocity analysis, residual statics correction.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.576-584
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• 1988

Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) were extracted from the Nampung, Milyang #23, Whasung and Jinhung varieties of rice by neutral detergent fiber method. To determine the properties of NDF three factors were measured : water-binding capacity(WBC), Fe-binding capacity and sodium taurocholate binding with NDF. The average WBC of NDF was $5.60{\pm}0.87gH_2O/g$ NDF, and the average Fe-binding capacity ranged from 24.63% at pH 5.0 to 19.6% at pH 6.0 and 48.98% at pH 7.0. Binding of sodium taurocholate with NDF was determined in vitro using C-14 labeled sodium taurocholate at 100M sodium taurocholate concentrations. NDF binding of Jinhung was 27.87 while Nampung, Milyang #23 and Whasung measured 32% each. When sodium taurocholate concentrations were raised from $40{\mu}M\;to\;240{\mu}M$ the tendency of binding increased as the concentrations increased, but not linearly.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 1985

The four rice varieties, Kwanak, Nongbaek, Pungsan and Nampung-byo were cultivated to examine the growth conditions and grain yield in a Gyuam SiL paddy field irrigated with cold water around $17^{\circ}C$. Water temperatures for various distances from the inlet were measured. The results were summerized as follows. 1. Culm length, panicle exertion, diameter of the 3rd internode stem, heading date, fertilization rate, ripeness rate, no. of grains per panicle and grain yield were sensitive to water temperature. Panicle length, flag-leaf length, diameter of spike-neck and no. of panicles, however, were negligibly sensitive and there were no differences among varieties. 2. Elongations of the 2nd and 3rd internode steam were unsensitive to water temperature. 1st internode elongation and 4th internode development, however, were sensitive which was major factor in the culm length. 3. Ratios of partial dry weight to total dry weight were closely correlated with water temperature, Therefore, dry weight of grain was increased with water temperature while that of plant and root decreased. 4. Chlorophyll contents were decreased with the increment of water temperature and the highest at $20^{\circ}C$. 5. There was no grain yield at $17^{\circ}C$, Increases of grain yield to water temperature per unit were order at Pungsan > Kwanak > Nongbaek > Nampung. 6. The critical temperature in grain yield was $21^{\circ}C$. Optimum temperatures of Japonica ${\times}$ Indica types were higher than those of Japonica types.