• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2019

Phthalates, endocrine disrupting chemicals, are similar in structure to sex hormones and mainly show reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity. In this study, we analyzed 11 phthalates, including 3 kinds of phthalates prohibited in cosmetic use and 8 kinds of phthalates regulated in 'Common standards for children's products safety' and EU cosmetic regulation (EC No. 1223/2009). The phthalate analysis was optimized using GC-MS/MS. In analytical method validation, this method was satisfied in specificity, linearity, recovery rate, accuracy and MQL. Therefore, we used this method to analyze 82 products of Nail cosmetics & polish. Although six phthalates such as DBP, BBP, DEHP, DPP, DIBP and DIDP were detected at concentrations of $1.0{\sim}59.8{\mu}g/g$g, they were suitable to Korean cosmetic standards. DIBP and DBP were detected at concentration of $1.1{\sim}2.6{\mu}g/g$ in artificial nail, DBP and DEHP were $1.4{\sim}2.5{\mu}g/g$ in glue for nails, and DIBP, DBP, and DEHP were $2.5{\sim}33.3{\mu}g/g$ in nail stickers. Although substances such as DBP and DEHP in artificial nail, Glue for nails, and nail stickers were detected, they were suitable to 'Common safety standards for children's products. DIBP is not a regulated substance in Korea but showed the third highest detection rate following DBP (84.6%) and DEHP (63.4%). The concentration of phthalates detected in nail products is considered to be safe in current standards but continuous monitoring and research about non-regulated substances are also needed to be considered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

When a nail pulled out in dense, granular soil, the soil in the vicinity of the nail tends to dilate, but its dilatancy results in a normal stress concentration at the soil/nail interface, thereby increasing the pull-out resistance of the inclusion. It is thought to be occurring within the resistance zone where the soil mass is at stationary state and the reinforcement are held in position by the soil, due to the friction or bond. In this paper, A series of direct shear and interface tests were conducted by using so called‘Constant Normal Stiffness Test Apparatus’which was modified and improved from the conventional direct shear box test rig. Unlikely the normal shear box test, this enables to simulate the different constraint effects of surrounding soil during shear under the conditions of constant stress and volume, constant normal stiffness. The aim of the research programme is to get better understanding of pull-out bond mechanism, thus to explore the possibility of evaluating the pull-out bond capacity of soil/reinforcement at the preliminary design stage from the laboratory test.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-99
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• 2007

Nail bed malignancies are rare entities. Most nail bed malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)s. Less than 10% of subungual SCCs occur in the foot. Fifty percent occurred on the hallux and approximately 25% on both the fourth and fifth digits. The correct diagnosis is often delayed because nail bed malignancies are frequently mistaken for benign or infectious processes. SCC on extremities is hard to distinguish from the benign lesion like chronic ulcer, fistula caused by chronic osteomyelitis, and abscess fistula. Attention should especially be paid in diagnosing the subungual lesion because paronychia is a common disease. SCC is the most common carcinoma second to malignant melanoma as a soft tissue malignant tumor in the West, and it involves mainly the head, neck and upper extremities but rarely involves lower extremities, particularly the toes. The authors emphasize the importance of a biopsy for chronic nonhealing lesions by presenting this case.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2005

Background: We evaluated the clinical and the radiological results of treatment for humeral shaft fractures by using an antegrade intramedullary nail. Methods: Thirty-nine (39) cases of humeral shaft fractures treated with antegrade intramedullary nail were evaluated. Bone union was evaluated with simple radiographic findings, and a functional evaluation was done using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. Results: The average duration until union was 14.1 weeks. On the functional evaluation using the ASES score, 15 cases were excellent, 19 cases good, 3 cases fair, and 2 cases poor. Conclusion: We conclude that antegrade intramedullary nailing has a good clinical and radiological result for treatment of humeral shaft fractures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.1406-1416
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• 2008

Soil nailing is used as a method of slope stabilization and excavation support. The design method of soil nail are based on experience or assumption of interaction between soil and reinforcement. Most design methods simply considers the tension of reinforcement for analysis of slope stabilization. Soil nails interact with soils under combined loading of shear and tension. Jewell & Pedley(1990) suggested a design equation of shear force with bending stiffness and discussed that the magnitude of the maximum shear force is small in comparison with the maximum axal force. However, they have used a very conservative limiting bearing stress on nails. This paper discusses that the shear strength of soil nails should not be disregarded with proper bearing stresses on nails. The modified FHWA design method was proposed by considering shear forces on nails with bending stiffness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.199-206
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• 2005

Engineers have performed slope stability analyses, including Limit Equilibrium Analysis, Finite Difference Analysis and Finite Element Analysis. Each analysis results in different Factor of Safety(FS) for slopes. The comparison of FS results from these stability analyses has been carried out for various conditions, such as geometry of slopes, dry and fully saturated soils, nail and anchor reinforcements. Standard deviations of FS calculated from various slope analyses are 0.03 to 0.04 and 0.22 to 0.48 for the slopes without and with nail or anchor reinforcement, respectively. Construction of tiered concrete retaining wall in addition to nail or anchor reinforcement increases FS of 12% to 29% for fully saturated soils.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.984-991
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to develop a humeral Intramedullary fixation nail (HIFN) suitable for Korean people. In this study, CT images were obtained from 72 Korean cadaveric humeral bones and 3D Korean humeral bone models were reconstructed based on the CT images to investigate anatomical characteristics. Major design parameters of HIFN were selected using the morphological measurement information of the Korean humeral bone models. Through finite element analysis and mechanical tests, the developed HIFN prototype was compared with the Polarus HIFN ($ACUMED^{(R)}$, USA), and it was found that the HIFN prototype showed similar and/or superior mechanical performance compared to the Polarus HIFN. Also, clinical validation for the HIFN prototype was carried out to check predictable troubles in surgical operations. Finally, optimal design modification was proposed to prevent the possible axillary nerve injury due to the locking screw system of the HIFN prototype.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 2013

We describe the case of a 56-year-old man who had been shot by a pneumatic nail gun in the chest during work. He had removed the nail by himself immediately at the accident field. He visited to the emergency department of a local hospital and, after a simple dressing and simple history had been taken, he was referred to our emergency department for penetrating thoracic injury. Immediately, Transthoracic echocardiography were done and showed moderate hemopericardium. Patient had been hydrated and transported to the operating room. After cardiac wound repaired by midsternotomy, the patient was discharged on the 13th postoperative day without complications except mild mitral valve regurgitation.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2001

A soil wall reinforced by soil nailing is excavated in the typical soil conditions which are consisted of weathered soil, weathered rock and soft rock. The resulting nail loads computed are compared to loads measured by utilizing strain gauges during construction. The wall deflection at two locations are related to construction events and specific soil conditions, providing an understanding of the behavior of soil nailed walls. The load distribution along the nail indicated relatively high loads close to the wall. The mobilized load on the nail is proportional to the wall deflection showing the maximum value at the surface of the wall. The construction monitoring for this project provided valuable information in understanding the behavior of soil nailed walls.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.315-321
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• 2017

Ice cream color is delivered brand stories to consumer through visual sense stimulation. Today's consumption patterns reflect not just five-senses(look, taste, hear, touch, smell) satisfaction but also the consumption of satisfaction through brand value. these marketing of utilized color is using in beauty design area also. therefore these a study is consisting the theoretical and empirical research, that's for implemented of storytelling the beauty design. on this base contemplation 'B' brand ice cream's color and brand story through the theoretical research, and express the derived design on nails by the empirical research. As a result, a study is implied fusion of ice cream color and nail art design, that believed to serve as a basic source of beauty design and color imagnation that reflect the color of specific brand.