• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.439-445
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• 2017

This study compares the safety of nail products by reviewing domestic and foreign literature for preparing a safety management plan for reduction of human body exposure to hazardous substances that occur in nail products. We analyzed the cases of exceeding the limit value of hazardous substances. In domestic artificial nail adhesive and nail tip, toluene content was 40.3 times higher than the standard value, chloroform was 22.8 times, and antimony was 15.4 times. In developed countries, it is obligatory to provide material safety data and workplace ventilation equipment through various policy researches. However, there is no safety standard in Korea. Therefore, if the regulations for safety management should be established with each characteristic of nail product, work environment, workers, and consumers, and the awareness of hazardous substance cosmetics should be improved through development and dissemination of various educational programs, it can contribute to disease prevention and health promotion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.452-463
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate airborne concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) during nail art practice by college students. Methods: Personal samples for students were measured using passive samplers(OVM 3500) during three kinds of practice, including polish nail, gel nail and acrylic French sculpture at two universities located in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. We also monitored area concentrations using active samplers and real-time total VOC monitors(ppbRAE 3000). All samples were analyzed with a gas chromatography flame ionized detector. Statistical analysis for monitored data were conducted using a web-based Bayesian toolkit, EXPOSTATS(www.expostats.ca). Results: Twenty-four personal samples and ten area samples were collected and five chemicals(acetone, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl methacrylate(EMA) and methyl methacrylate(MMA)) were detected. Acetone was detected in all personal samples and ranged from 2.58 ppm to 50.3 ppm. EMA was detected in all personal and area samples with a maximum concentration of 9.78 ppm during acrylic French sculpture. Personal exposure levels to acetone, butyl acetate and mixtures were significantly higher with high occupant density (p<0.05). Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of 3.61 ppm for EMA personal samples were significantly higher than that of area samples, 1.5 ppm (p<0.05). Since there was no local ventilation, total VOC concentration continued to increase as the practice progressed. Conclusions: In order to minimize VOCs exposure for trainees, it is necessary to introduce a local ventilation system and maintain adequate occupant density.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.79-88
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• 2009

In this study, it was studied on arching characteristics of a grand section tunnel with pre-steel-rib nail reinforcement. In this study, we examine the adaptation of tunnel plan and the case which is based on the strengthening method for preexistence tunnel and other pre-steel-rib nail while the upper part of cover depth is low or soil condition is bad. When the pre-steel-rib nail as new technology and method reinforces the foundation placed of grand section tunnel, it is much better in strengthening effect, safety and effectiveness than the conventional one. After investigation about the plan pre-steel-rib nail method, construction case and calibration data, it was confirmed and examined about the upper part of tunnel for strengthening the pre-steel-rib nail thereby arching characteristics of grand section tunnel using MIDAS/GTS finite element program. Moreover we present the method that could upgrade the accurate installation interval and adaptation method for strengthening effect to adapt the pre-steel-rib nail method in a foundation placed over a tunnel.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of hand massage with nail art on depression, self-esteem and vital signs of elderly women. Methods: The research design was one group pre and post test experimental design. Data were collected from December 7 to December 14, 2015. All participants had hand massage with nail art for 10 minutes. Depression, self-esteem and vital signs were measured before, immediately after the hand massage with nail art and one week later. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 12.0 Program. Results: Depression (F=30.80, p<.001), self-esteem (F=60.02, p<.000), diastolic pressure (F=29.56, p<.001) and body temperature (F=13.87, p<.001) were significantly different compared to pre-study values. Systolic pressure (F=3.85, p=.059) and pulse rate (F=0.32, p=.576) had no significant difference compared to pre-study values. Conclusion: The findings of this research show that hand massage with nail art has positive effects on decreasing depression and improving self-esteem for senior women who chose nail polish colour by themselves.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.398-400
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• 2011

Purpose: Subungual tumors are a common cause of nail plate deformity, and may be caused by fibrokeratoma, Koene's tumor and glomus tumors. Neurofibromas, either as part of neurofibromatosis or as a solitary tumor are exceptionally rare in the digits. Methods: A 44-year-old man presented with painless onychodystrophy and nail plate elevation of the right thumb due to a small subungual mass that had started growing 3 years ago. Sensory evaluation of the distal phalanx was normal, and no discoloration nor infection signs were seen. The nail plate was extracted under local anesthesia, and the mass was delicately removed without injury to the nail bed. The nail matrix was repaired with primary closure. Results: Histopathology shows a well circumscribed, cellular tumor with myxoid stroma. Tumor cells were S-100 protein positive, and the patient was diagnosed with myxoid neurofibroma. There has been no sign of recurrence to date, 14 months after the operation. Conclusion: Presentation of cutaneous neurofibromas in the digits is an uncommon finding. They may occur as a manifestation of neurofibromatosis or as a solitary tumor. Subungual neurofibromas are exceptionally rare. To our knowledge, there are only ten reports of solitary subungual neurofibroma unrelated to neurofibromatosis to date. We report a rare case of solitary subungual myxoid neurofibroma of the thumb, that was treated through total excision, with preservation of the nail matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.595-607
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• 2021

This study attempted to investigate the perception of safety of regular polish and gel polish and degree of nail damage. For this, a questionnaire survey and an experiment were performed against women in their 20-50s, and the results found the followings: In terms of effectiveness, safety and degree of nail damage, gel polish was higher than regular polish. In addition, moisture/sebum levels and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) decreased after the experiment. Specifically, such reduction was greater in gel polish. When the nail surface was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after polish removal, gel polish revealed severe nail damage. The above results confirm that gel polish is greater than regular polish in terms of influence on the degree of nail damage. Therefore, it is anticipated that the study results would be available as basic data in keeping nails healthy and beautiful.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 2021

Acquired digital fibrokeratoma is very a rare, benign, fibrous, and hyperkeratotic skin tumor that develops most frequently on the finger or toe. The tumor usually occurs in adults as a solitary, dome-shaped lesion. Sometimes, it appears as a rudimentary supernumerary digit and may be misdiagnosed as an accessory nail (double nail) or verruca vulgaris. The pathophysiology of an acquired digital fibrokeratoma is unknown. On the other hand, trauma has often been proposed as a predisposing factor for an acquired type of digital fibrokeratoma. This paper reports a case of trauma-related acquired digital fibrokeratoma presenting as a supernumerary digit and nail in a 36-year-old male. This case is presented with a 0.5 cm×0.4 cm×1.3 cm sized, firm, hyperkeratotic, protruding mass over the left second finger nail.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.594-607
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• 2022

This study is a follow-up paper on "Development of flipped learning class model for nail beauty education" published by Seol (2022). This model was conducted from March to June 2022 for 70 students taking the "Nail color design 1" course. After 15 weeks of class, a survey of the students' perceptions of flipped learning and their self-evaluation of goal achievement was conducted, which was composed of questionnaires using a 5-step Likert scale. 15 questions were designed to evaluate the students' satisfaction with their experience and class operations; 4 questions to evaluate whether the class goal had been reached through flipped learning; and 9 questions to evaluate the students' perceptions of flipped learning. As a result of applying this model to theoretical and practical nail beauty classes, it was confirmed that flipped learning helped students better understand the content and had a positive effect on learning, while the subject's educational goals were also achieved. By evaluating the students' perceptions of flipped learning, we may conclude that they experienced learning satisfaction and perceived the approach positively. Moreover, they have expressed a desire for additional flipped learning. This study is thus meaningful in confirming the procedure's effectiveness by applying the flipped classroom model to theoretical and practical subjects with a focus on the nail beauty field, and showing how it achieved students' positive perceptions and educational goals.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2024

The beauty industry has evolved into a highly competitive service sector, expanding alongside economic growth. Nail art, in particular, has witnessed a remarkable surge in popularity. To efficiently manage individual time, nail salons have adopted reservation systems. However, the issue of no-shows, where customers fail to keep their appointments, has emerged as a significant societal and economic concern. This study seeks to identify and address the root causes of no-shows in nail salons, providing essential data for the industry. A comprehensive survey was conducted, involving 476 customers from nail salons in the Daejeon and Chungcheong regions. Survey responses were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software. Results revealed that a change of mind was the primary reason for no-shows. This underscores the importance of promoting reservation awareness among both businesses and consumers. To mitigate no-shows, suggestions included implementing non-refundable reservation deposits and imposing cancellation fees. Notably, the beauty industry currently lacks systematic regulations concerning no-shows, highlighting the necessity for future research aimed at developing reservation-related guidelines and standards.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

Purpose: Osteosynthesis has been recommended for treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures in young patients. However, no implant of choice has been reported so far. This study was conducted in order to compare the fixation stability of two conventional fixation methods with three different novel fixed angle devices in this type of fracture. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 composite femurs (4th Generation Saw bone; Pacific Research Laboratories, USA) corresponding to human bone were used. Pauwels type III fracture type was uniformly reproduced. Specimens were fixed with a cannulated screw, cannulated screw with cable, and Intertan nail, dynamic hip screw, and IKEY nail. Measurement of failure loads and the rotational change of the femoral head fragment was performed for evaluation of fixation stability. Results: All implants were compared with cannulated screw and dynmaic hip screw. No meaningful improvement was observed for the cannulated screw with cable compared with the cannulated screw and dynamic hip screw. Meaningful improvement in load-to-failure and y-rotation and z-rotation was observed for both the Intertan nail and IKEY nail compared with the cannulated screw. However, compared with the dynamic hip screw, only the IKEY nail showed improvement in the same profile but the Intertan nail did not. Conclusion: Among novel fixed angle devices, meaningful improvement was observed for the IKEY nail compared with conventional implants. Strengths of this implant include biomechanical stability and simplicity of surgical technique, indicating that it may be another good option for osteosynthesis of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.