• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1982.07a
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• pp.3-24
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• 1982

The relations between tidal fluctuation and freshwater discharge are stuied dy use of observed data in the estuarine region of the Nagdong Rivre. Damping modulus which represents the resistance to propagation of tidal wave is estimated, and it is verified that when the fresh water discharge is lower than 300 m/sec., the elevation of mean-water-level at Gupo is the same as mean sea-water-level.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 1999

In present, the terminal area of the Nagdong River Delta consists of micro-depositional landforms with sand barrier islands, sand bars and tidal flats which are arranged parallel to the present shoreline, and have rapidly shifted toward sea during last 100 years due to human activities such as construction of estuary dam, industrial complex and residential area. To clarify the landform changes of the area, the author traced the morphologic change pattern based on interpretation of air-photos, topographic maps and old Korean traditional map, and the results are as follows ; Based on the Daedongyeojido, one of the old Korean map, published in 1861, the area including upper part of the delta was underlying by sea level except two larger sand barriers, which means the Nagdong River Delta was not completely formed as the present outline of morphology by 1860s. According to the topographic map(1 :50,000) of 1916, the delta resembled to the present morphology pattern was exposed in 1916, and at this time the area was mainly composed of one sand barrier island, four sand bars and tidal flats, which had slowly elongated southwards before construction of the Nagdong River Estuary Dam in 1987. But after 1987, the area has been rapidly and drastically shifted southwards in arrange with one chain of sand barrier islands (Elsugdo -Myeonghodo-Sinhodo ) and four chains of sand bars (first chain ; Jinwoodo -Daemadeung-Maenggeummeorideung, second chain : Jangjado-Baeghabdeung, third chain ; Saedeung-Namusitdeung, fourth : Doyodeung-Dadaedeung) parallel to shoreline. This rapid landform change of the area is now occurring, and is seemed to ascribed firstly, to the construction of the Nagdong River Estuary Dam on Elsugdo in 1987, the Sinho Industrial Complex on Sinhodo and Myeongji Residential Area on Myeonghodo in 1992, secondly, to artificial alteration of drainage channel and consequential breakdown of former energy system between riverflow and tidal-and wave-energy. From these facts, it is inferred that the landform change pattern of the area will continue until a new equilibrium between the factor available to this energy system is accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.3 s.104
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• pp.311-321
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• 2003

We surveyed physico-chemical properties of bottom water and sediment to evaluate the influence of sediment on the eutrophication in the downstream of Nagdong River from 1998 to 2000. From May to August, DO concentration of bottom waters dropped below 5 mg $O_2/l$ and $NH_4\;^+$ and $PO_4\;^{3-}$ concentrations significantly increased in the bottom waters, resulting in the great differences between surface and bottom waters. Fluxes across water-sediment interface would be substantially active in this period. The serial orders of the water fertility or eutrophication were Joman River > Sonagdong River > Nagdong River. The organic nutrient contents of sediment increased toward the lower parts of the river system. Organic contents of the sediment would be under the influence of water pollution and exhibited a negative correlation with sediment bulk-density or particle size. The concentrations of exchangeable inorganic nutrients of sediment were greater than those of pore waters, and $PO_4\;^{3-}$, $NH_4\;^+$ and $SiO_2$ increased along the sediment depth. $PO_4\;^{3-}$ and $NO_3\;^-$ concentrations of the pore water were less than the overlying waters, while NH4+ and $SiO_2$ concentrations showed opposite trends. Exchangeable nutrients of sediment could be the repository for t]me nutrient exchange in the water-sediment interface.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 1983

Flora and distribution of vascular hygro- and hydrophytes were investigated from April to June, 1983 on the seven sampling sites along the estuary of Nagdong River. As the result, total 60 kinds of vascular plants are investigated, among them 13 kinds are aquatics; Rotala indica var. uliginosa, Myriophyllum spicatum, Allisma canalicultum, Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton berchtoldii, P. crispus, Ruppia maritima, Phyllospadix iwatensis, Zostera marina, Juncus effusus, Phragmites communis, and Scirpus triqueter. Present hydrophytes are largely confined to the main-stream zone. The transition zone is poorly habitated by hydrophytes and considered for the distributconfined to the estuary and coastal zone. However, long-term conditions of salinity gradient appear to be primarily responsible for the present flora and distribution.

• 수도
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• s.25
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• pp.15-27
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• 1981

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 1983

This report deals with the sedimentological study of the littoral sand of beaches in the Busan area. The purpose of this report is to know the grain size, mineralogical composition, heavy mineral and clay mineral of the beach sands, and gravity measurements of the Nagdong River Deltas. 1) As a whole, the littoral sand of the beaches are composed of uniformly medium grained, moderately sorted and nearly symmetrical. The barrier sand of the Nagdong Estuary is composed of fine grained, well sorted and nearly symmetrical. 2) The littoral sand of the beaches is transported by saltation and rolling. The barrier sand of the Nagdong Estuary is transported by suspension and saltation. 3) In the littoral sand of the beaches, the ratio of feldspar to quartz is 1 :2.31 and in the barrier sand of the Nagdong Estuary 1:1.40. 4) The content of heavy mineral of samples ranges from 0.54 to 3.87 %. The principal heavy minerals are hornblende, pyroxene, epidote, garnet, leucoxene, zircon, apatite, magnetite, hematite and ilmenite with minor accessories of rutile and olivine. 5) The x-ray diffraction analysis of the clay mineral informs the existence of quartz, feldspar, kaolinite and montmorillonite. The montmorillonite is considered to have been derived from the alteration of acidic volcanic rocks. 6) To determine the depositional structure of the Nagdong Estuary, Gravity measurements were made. Free air anomaly ranges from 14.5 mgal to 33.5 mgal and Bouguer anomaly ranges from 14.3 to 23.5 mgal and both are closely related to the topography. According to the interpreted layer structure, the upper layer composing sand, silt and clay, the intermediate layer composing sand with gravel, the lower layer composing weathered and soft rock, and bed rock composing hornfels or andesite. 7) The depositional environments of the study, the littoral area is dominated by the marine environment and the Nagdong Estuary by the mixed environment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1982

Seventy-seven Mugil cephalus of spinal deformation, living in Hanam, Nogsan, and Myeongji area, the downstreams of the Nagdong River, were collected in order to determine their forms and the levels of heavy metal contamination between March and October, 1981. The specimens were examined by X-ray and content of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The rate of appearance of deformational fish to the total Mugil cephflus were 4.3% (13 fish), 5.7% (17 fish), relatively high in May and June (dry season). Meanwhile during March and October they were low by 1.0% (3 fish), 2.0% (6 fish). As far as the research areas are concerned, they appeared in larger numbers in downstreams than in upper streams Myeongji (39), Nogsan (25), and Hanam (13). 2. Concerning with fractured parts of vertebraes,86 percent (66 out of 77) had their caudal regions fractured and 72 percent (55) their first to seventh caudal regions fractured. 3. The average levels of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc detected from flesh were 0.26ppm, 2.06ppm, 6.35ppm, 0.85ppm on the other hand, they were 0.22ppm, 1.84ppm, 5.03ppm, 0.93ppm in normal fish. 4. The average levels of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc measured in the bones were 0.39ppm, 2.55ppm, 8.97ppm, 2.73ppm. Meanwhile, from normal fish they were 0.33ppm, 2.25ppm, 7.24ppm, 2.42ppm. 5. Compared with regional heavy metal contamination such as cadium, lead, zinc, Myeongji area had higher contamination content than Nogsan area Nogsan area than Hanam area. 6. Compared with heavy metal contamination level in their tissues, cadmium was highly found in bones Lead and copper were highly detected in viscera. Particularly in skeleton cadmium was 560 times, zinc 160 times in proportion to those in the downstreams of the Nagdong River.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 1978

The annual variations of some heavy metal concentrations, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg were determined on tile day of spring tides in every month from May 1977 to April 1978 at eight stations in the Nagdong River downstream. Samples were taken at intervals of one or two hours from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. at each station. Annual ranges and means of concentrations of the heavy metals are as follows : aluminium 40.7-3700 ppb, 286 ppb; manganese 10.3-261.5 ppb, 80.8 ppb; iron ND-1237 ppb, 147.7 ppb; copper ND-30.9 ppb, 2.49 ppb; lead ND-29.9 ppb, 1.10 ppb; zinc ND-156.8 ppb, 5.61 ppb; cadmium ND-1.22 ppb, 0.09 ppb; mercury ND-0.37 ppb, 0.02 ppb respectively. In general, the contents of heavy metals except managanese and mercury were higher at the stations above station one, Kupo, though the ranges of the contents showed remarkable difference according to the sampling stations. Annual means of the concentrations of iron and manganese were exceeded already the desirable standards for industrial water and closed to the criteria of raw water for public supply. The values that over the criteria of raw water were sometimes found. Mercury concentration showed comparative high level such as ND-0.37 ppb in annual range but it was not over the environment criterion, 0.5 ppb. Aluminium, iron and mercury showed generally high values in summer period and other metals in winter period, through the patterns of seasonal variations were difference depending on the sampling stations and the kind of metals.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.155.2-155
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1981

In order to investigate water pollution of heavy metals in the Nagdong Estuary, samples were collected five times from August 1978 to April 1979 every other month, and analyzed for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed no significant heavy metal pollution in most parts of the studied areas, except near the outfalls of the Sasang Industrial Complex. In general, the heavy metal contents were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season due to the dilution effect of river water flow. Distribution of heavy metals in the dissolved and the particulate fractions were also investigated.