• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2019

Colibacillosis is one of the major health problems in young piglets resulting in poor health and death caused by Escherichia coli producing F18 pili and Shiga toxin 2e. It is pivotal to reduce colibacillosis in weaned piglets to enhance production performance. In this study, we evaluated synbiotics as the gut health improvement agents in the mouse model challenged with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolated from piglets. Prebiotic lactulose was formulated with each $5.0{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ of Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15, Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17, and Lactobacillus plantarum GB 1-3 to produce 3 combinations of synbiotics. A total of 40 three weeks old BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): a control group and 3 synbiotics treated groups. Each treatment groups were daily administrated with $5.0{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ of one synbiotics for the first week, and every 3 days during the second week. All the mice were challenged with $8.0{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ of STEC 5 days after animals began to receive synbiotics. Mice treated with synbiotics based on Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 and Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17 significantly improved daily weight gain compared to mice in other groups. While mice treated with GB-U15 showed better fecal index, no significant differences were observed among groups. Gross lesion and histopathological evaluations showed that mice treated with GB-U15 moderately improved recovery from STEC infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the synbiotics formulated with lactulose and Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 have potential benefits to prevent and improve colibacillosis in weaned piglets.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.361-372
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• 2018

비래해충 개체군은 중국 남쪽에서 제트기류를 타고 한국으로 유입되는 해충이다. 애멸구(Laodelphax striatellus), 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens), 흰등멸구(Sogatella furcifera), 멸강나방(Mythimna separata), 혹명나방(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)은 주요 비래해충 5종으로 주요 작물인 벼에 피해를 주기에 중요하다. 이 연구는 2016년 7월 하순에서 9월 상순, 2017년 7월에서 8월까지 전라도의 벼논에서 하였다. 멸강나방과 혹명나방은 페로몬 트랩을 사용하여 채집하였고, 벼멸구, 흰등멸구, 애멸구는 육안 조사, 포충망 조사, 끈끈이 트랩을 사용하여 채집하였다. 비래해충을 분석하기 위해 공간통계학 중 SADIE (Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs)를 사용하였다. SADIE는 사용하여 공간분포 및 집중지수 $I_a$를 분석하였고, 클러스터지수 $V_i$, $V_j$를 사용하여 공간분포를 조사하였다. 또한, 클러스터지수는 red-blue plot를 사용하여 지도 위에 나타내었다. 멸강나방과 혹명나방은 SADIE 공간 집중 분석, red-blue plot 분석에서 다른 분포를 보였다. 애멸구와 다른 멸구의 초기 공간분포는 표본 추출 위치와 시간이 다르게 나타났다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2018

인천 주변해역에 출현하는 참홍어의 식성을 분석하기 위해 2017년 2월부터 2018월 3월까지 총 203개체를 채집하였다. 참홍어의 체반장은 31.1~77.7 cm의 범위였으며, 16개체는 공복상태였다. 참홍어는 주로 어류와 새우류를 섭식하는 육식성 어류로 확인되었으며, 그 외 다양한 저서 갑각류와 무척추동물을 소량 섭식하였다. 가장 중요한 먹이생물로 새우류인 마루자주새우의 섭식비율이 가장 높았고, 어류는 까나리의 섭식비율이 높았다. 참홍어의 체장이 커질수록 새우류의 비율은 감소하였으며 어류의 비율은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 성장함에 따라 평균 먹이생물의 개체수와 중량은 증가하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.336-343
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• 2019

Background Sternal rigid plate fixation (RPF) has been adopted in recent years in high-risk cases to reduce complications associated with steel wire cerclage, the traditional approach to sternal closure. While sternal RPF has been associated with lower complication rates than wire cerclage, it has its own complication profile that requires evaluation, necessitating a critical examination from a national perspective. This study will report the outcomes and associated risk factors of sternal RPF using a national database. Methods Patients undergoing sternal RPF from 2005 to 2016 in the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were identified. Demographics, perioperative information, and complication rates were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for postoperative complications. Results There were 381 patient cases of RPF identified. The most common complications included bleeding (28.9%), mechanical ventilation >48 hours (16.5%), and reoperation/readmission (15.2%). Top risk factors for complications included dyspnea (odds ratio [OR], 2.672; P<0.001), nonelective procedure (OR, 2.164; P=0.010), congestive heart failure (OR, 2.152; P=0.048), open wound (OR, 1.977; P=0.024), and operating time (OR, 1.005; P<0.001). Conclusions Sternal RPF is associated with increased rates of three primary complications: blood loss requiring transfusion, ventilation >48 hours, and reoperation/readmission, each of which affected over 15% of the study population. Smokers remain at an increased risk for surgical site infection and sternal dehiscence despite RPF's purported benefit to minimize these outcomes. Complications of primary versus delayed sternal RPF are roughly equivalent, but individual patients may perform better with one versus the other based on identified risk factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1881-1889
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• 2018

Objective: In dryland areas of China, alfalfa hay (AH) is a possible substitute for concentrate feed for beef cattle. To evaluate the potential benefits of this substitution, we studied the effect of the ratio of AH intake to total dry matter (DM) intake on average daily body-weight gain (ADG), dietary energy utilization status, and economic benefit in Gansu province. Methods: In each of two feeding trials in 2016 (trial 1 [T1], July 3 to 17; trial 2 [T2], August 15 to September 23), crossbred male Simmental calves were allocated to low AH (LA), medium AH (MA), and high AH (HA) feeding groups (n = 4 per group). The target ADG was set as 1 kg for both trials. In a one-way-layout design based on conventional feeding practices in the province, calves received diets containing the different AH amounts, with a constant ratio of corn stover:total DM and decreasing rations of concentrate feed proportional to the increase in AH. Calves in T1 received AH at 15% (T1-LA), 23% (T1-MA), or 31% (T1-HA) of their dietary DM allowances; those in T2 received 9% (T2-LA), 24% (T2-MA), or 34% (T2-HA) AH. Results: Among the T1 groups, both ADG and economic benefit were highest in T1-LA; whereas in T2, they were higher in the T2-LA and T2-MA groups than in T2-HA. Energy digestibility did not significantly differ among the groups in either trial. The dietary AH inclusion ratios of 14% in the warm season and 8% to 21% in the cool season appeared to yield optimal ADG, metabolizable energy intake, and economic benefit. Conclusion: Low-level inclusion of AH, ranging from 8% to 21%, is a practical approach for beef cattle feeding. This modified feeding regimen likely will promote increased growth performance during the fattening stage of beef steers in dryland areas of Gansu province, China.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined the status of children's favorite foods intake and the relationship with the policy environment based on the Special Act on Safety Control of Children's Dietary Life for suggesting a supportive policy strategy. Methods: The subjects were 4th grade students (n=1,638) in elementary school from 45 schools collected from seven areas (Seoul, Daegu, Daejeon, Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Gyeongnam). The children participated in a self-administered questionnaire survey in class under the supervision of the teacher. The questionnaire consisted of items, such as social demographic characteristics, frequency of intake of the children's favorite foods, and policy cognition. A t-test and ANOVA were applied to explore the relationship between the frequency of children's favorite foods intake and policy cognition. The survey was implemented from August 2016 to September 2016. Results: For the boys, the frequency of 'high-calorie low nutrient foods intake' (HCLN) was significantly higher than that of the girls (p<0.01). For the children who received information on their favorite foods from the internet, the frequency of HCLN was higher than the other sources (p<0.01). The time of TV viewing and computer usage, and smartphone usage was associated with a higher frequency of HCLN, and a lower healthy favorite food intake (all p<0.001). The intake frequency of healthy favorite foods indicated a positive correlation with the policy cognition, including policy perception, usefulness, necessity and buying intention, and educational experience. Conclusions: This study showed a correlation with the frequency of children's favorite foods intake and policy. In particular, the frequency of children's healthy favorite foods intake indicated a meaningful relationship with the policy than the frequency of HCLN. This study also found that the consumption of children's healthy favorite foods was positively correlated with the educational experience. To develop a supportive policy for a good dietary environment for children, there is a need to focus on how to collaborate with multiple levels of influences, such as the national level, school level, and family.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.658-664
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• 2019

Immunocontraception has been suggested as an optimal alternative to surgical contraception in animal species. Many immunocontraceptive vaccines have been designed to artificially produce antibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) which remove GnRH-I from the vaccinated animals. A deficiency of GnRH-I thereafter leads to a lack of gonadotropins, resulting in immunocontraception. In this study, we initially developed three immunocontraceptive vaccines composed of GnRH-I, GnRH-II, and a GnRH-I and -II (GnRH-I+II) complex, conjugated to the external domain of Salmonella Typhimurium flagellin. As the GnRH-I+II vaccine induced significantly (p < 0.01) higher levels of anti-GnRH-I antibodies than the other two vaccines, we further evaluated its immunocontraceptive effects in male rats. Mean testis weight in rats (n = 6) inoculated twice with the GnRH-I+II vaccine at 2-week intervals was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than in negative control rats at 10 weeks of age. Among the six vaccinated rats, two were non-responders whose testes were not significantly reduced when compared to those of negative control rats. Significantly smaller testis weight (p < 0.001), higher anti-GnRH-I antibody levels (p < 0.001), and lower testosterone levels (p < 0.001) were seen in the remaining four responders compared to the negative control rats at the end of the experiments. Furthermore, seminiferous tubule atrophy and spermatogenesis arrest were found in the testis tissues of responders. Therefore, the newly developed GnRH-I+II vaccine efficiently induced immunocontraception in male rats. This vaccine can potentially also be applied for birth control in other animal species.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.383-393
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• 2019

Streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg body weight)으로 유도된 Sprague Dawley (SD)계 수컷 흰쥐에 5% 울금을 섭취시켰을 때, 혈청 크레아티닌(creatinine) 및 blood urea nitrogen (BUN)의 농도와 alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aminotransferase (AST, ALT), 카탈라아제(catalase), 아밀라아제(amylase) 및 리파아제(lipase) 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 본 실험을 수행한 결과, 기본식이를 급여시킨 대조군(control)인 정상군은 BD군, 기본식이 실험군에 5% 울금 급여군(BT군), 당뇨 유발 실험군(BS군)인 질환 모델 대조군(control-diabetic)과 질환 실험군(diabetic, BS군)에 5% 울금을 급여시킨 실험군(ST군)으로 나누었다. 흰쥐의 혈청 크레아티닌 및 BUN 농도와 ALP, AST 및 ALT 활성은 유사한 경향으로 5% 울금의 급여가 감소시킨 것으로 확인되었다. SD계 수컷 흰쥐의 혈청 LDH 활성은 BS군에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내며 높은 활성을 보였으나(p<0.05), 5% 울금의 급여가 감소 효과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 카탈라아제 활성은 BS군에서 유의적으로 낮은 활성을 나타내었고, ST군에서 활성을 증가시켰다(p<0.05). 혈청 아밀라아제 및 리파아제의 활성은 5% 울금의 급여가 감소시킨 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과, SD계 수컷 흰쥐를 통한 in vivo 실험에서 5% 울금의 섭취가 당뇨, 내인성 항산화 효소 및 간 기능 개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2019

본 연구는 구강양치용액이 복합레진의 색조 안정성과 표면미세경도 및 표면조도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였으며, 실험실 연구로 Filtek P60과 Filtek Z250의 두 종류의 복합레진으로 시편을 제작하였다. 각 시편은 10개씩 8개 그룹으로 나누었다. 실험전 모든 시편을 colorimater를 이용하여 색조($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$)를 측정하였다. 대조군으로 증류수, 실험군으로 무색소, 녹색 및 보라색을 띄는 시판 구강양치용액을 사용하여 14일간 색변화, 표면미세경도, 표면조도 등을 측정하여 수집된 자료들 분석하였다. 녹색 및 보라색을 띄는 구강양치용액에서 눈에 띄는 색변화를 보였고, 모든 구강양치 용액군에서 표면미세경도는 감소하고 표면조도는 거칠어진 양상이 관찰되었다. 따라서 구강양치용액을 2주 이상 장기간 사용하게 되면 복합레진 표면에 변화를 야기할 수 있으므로, 안전한 사용을 위하여 짧은 기간 사용을 권장해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between swing phase and airborne phase of Tkatchev motion which was successfully performed with following motion by excellent middle and high school athletes in horizontal bar. Method: The subjects for this study were 8 male middle and high school top athletes. After their Tkatchev motions were filmed by two digital highspeed camcorders setting in 90 frames/sec at the 44th National Gymnastics against Cities and Provinces, the % lapse time lapse time of each instant, inferred maximum force acting on horizontal bar, and other kinematical variables were calculated through DLT method. After the relations among the % lapse times of each instants of downswing-start, downswing-finish, whipswing-finish, release, peak-height, and lapse time of regrasp, the relation among maximum force acting on bar, % lapse time, peak height, and the relation between % lapse time and release height were examined, the biomechanical timing characteristics of Tkatchev motion were as follows. Results: Firstly, it was revealed that the whole lapse time was $1.62{\pm}.06s$ and the correlation between the % lapse time of downswing-start and % lapse time of release was .819. Secondly, it was revealed that the pattern of COG path was shifted forwardly and tilted 11 clockwise from origin. Thirdly, it was revealed that maximum force acting on bar was inferred in $2,283{\pm}425N$ ($4.7{\pm}.6BW$) and the correlation between maximum force and peak height was r = .893. Lastly, it was revealed that the horizontal and vertical component of body COG velocity was $-2.14{\pm}.29m/s$, $2.70{\pm}.43m/s$ respectively, release height was $.49{\pm}.12m$, and shoulder angle was $139{\pm}5deg$, and that the later the % lapse time of release, the higher the release height (r = .935). Conclusion: It is desired that the gymnastic athletes should delay the downswing-start near the horizontal plane on $2^{nd}$ quadrant because the later the % lapse time of downswing, the higher the release height. After all the higher release height could ensure the athletes to regrasp the bar safely, the athletes should exercise to make downswing-start delay.