• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2000

Essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease, and has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance. The relationship between the genetic variation of the insulin receptor (INSR) gene and essential hypertension In Korean population was investigated by the Nsi 1 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of this gene. The observed genotype frequencies of INSR gene were not deviated from those expected for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), but a significant association was observed between essential hypertension and N1 allele of Nsi 1 RFLP at the INSR gene ($X^2$-test; P<0.05). Moreover, the frequency of N1 allele was significantly different between normotensives and essential hypertensives in subgroups that were not obese ($X^2$-test; P<0.05). These data suggest that the Nsil RFLP of INSR gene may be a useful genetic marker for essential hypertension in Korean population.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2014

In this study, soybean is used to produce soymilk according to various extracting methods and heating time. Specifically, the soy slurry is being filtered before being heated, or heated before being filtered. Following that the soymilk produced is freeze-dried to be powdered, and then, the quality characteristics of the powdered soymilk are mutually compared to determine the applicability of various food additives. The freeze-dried soymilk powder shows 2.03~6.35% of moisture content, and in terms of unit quantity, retained more proteins, which suggests that the ratio of protein extraction is higher than any other nutrients. Accordingly, the protein coefficient is significantly higher in soymilk powder being heated and processed than in raw soybeans. In particular, protein coefficient is the highest in the soymilk which is heated for 20 minutes before being filtered (SHBF20). The longer the heating time was, the trypsin inhibitor (TI) tended to be far less active. Such an inactivation seems to be more apparent in the "SHAF" soymilk powder than "SHBF" soymilk powder. Because protein had to be denaturated by heating for soymilk, the nitrogen solubility index (NSI) of soymilk powder is decreased considerably, while the protein digestibility, water absorption, emulsification and foaming activity all increase. Oil absorption tends to decrease slightly. As discussed above, the soymilk heated for 10 minutes after being filtered (SHAF10) and the soymilk heated for 20 minutes before being filtered (SHBF20) show optimum processing conditions for soymilk powder.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appearance, physicochemical, physical, and fermentation properties of the fermented soybean produced by manufacturing with inoculation the different types of microbial strains. The strains were inoculated by the NSI (natural strains inoculation), and the SSI (selective strain inoculation) were treatments. The appearance showed differences in color, viscous substance, and hardness depending on strains inoculation and fermentation duration. The pH, and total acidity were 6.40~7.26%, and 0.10~0.39% respectively with differences depending on the samples. The moisture content as the fermentation duration increased, the NSI (56.03~57.66%) decreased and the SSI (56.71~58.63%) increased. The physical characteristics of the hardness increased as the fermentation duration increased for the NSI and the SSI decreased. The color values for the L, a, and b values were 47.64~58.56, 7.15~9.08, and 12.41~17.30, respectively. The α-amylase and protease activities of the SSI were the highest among all treatments. The total viable cell counts of the fermented soybean products by strains were 5.02 to 9.77 log CFU/g, and SSI (fermentation, 48 hours) was the highest. The amino-type nitrogen contents of all samples were 301.62~746.97 mg% and the SSI showed the highest content. The amino acid had the highest glutamic acid content.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1982

Swift변법에 의하여 분리대두단백질과 카제인의 유화용량을 측정할 때와 Acton변법에 의하여 유화안정도를 측정할 때의 여러 가지 실험조건이 측정결과에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 유화용량(EC)은 단백질의 농도$(0.1{\sim}0.3%)$와 교반속도$(6,000{\sim}12,000rpm)$가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 기름첨가속도 $0.8{\sim}1.0\;ml/sec$ 범위에서는 EC에 큰 변화를 일으키지 않았으며 이온농도$(0.1{\sim}1M)$가 증가함에 따라 EC는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 단백질의 등전점 부근에서 EC는 가장 낮게 나타났으며 이에 따른 EC의 변화는 단백질의 NSI 변화와 거의 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 유화안정도(EC)는 단백질의 농도, 기름첨가량, 교반속도, 교반시간이 증가할수록 높아졌으며 pH의 변화에 따른 ES의 변화는 단백질의 NSI변화와 같은 경향을 나타내었다. NaCl$(0.1{\sim}1.0M)$ 첨가시 Na-case-inate의 ES는 높아졌으나 분리대두단백질의 ES는 감소하였다. 이상의 실험 결과로부터 식품단백질의 유화작용을 평가하기 위한 기준측정법을 선정하고 이 방법에 의하여 실험실에서 제조된 분리대두단백질의 유화작용을 평가비교하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1892-1903
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• 2022

Objective: A series of experiment were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing a part of soybean meal (SBM) at 6% of broiler diets with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) obtained by single or two-stage fermentation by measuring growth performance, antioxidant activity in the jejunum and distal intestinal microflora. Methods: Soybean meal samples were prepared by single-stage fermentation using Bacillus velezensis (Bv) (FSBM_B), or Lactobacillus spp. (as commercial control) (FSBM_L). Additional SBM sample was prepared by two-stage fermentation using Bv and subsequently using Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367 (Lb) (FSBM_B+L). Enzyme activity, chemical composition, trichloroethanoic acid-nitrogen solubility index (TCA-NSI) and antioxidant activity were measured. Then, in an in vivo study, 320 Ross308 broilers were divided into four groups with ad libitum supply of feed and water. Four groups were fed either a corn-soybean meal diet (SBM), or one of fermented SBM diets (FSBM_B+L, FSBM_B, and FSBM_L). Growth, serum characteristics, microflora, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured. Results: Compared to SBM, FSBM_B+L contained lower galacto-oligosaccharide, allergic protein, and trypsin inhibitor, and higher TCA-NSI by about three times (p<0.05). Reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging ability correlated positively with the TCA-NSI content in FSBM. Growth performances were not significantly different among four groups. In jejunum of 35-day-old broilers, partial replacement of SBM by FSBM_B+L increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT), and the FSBM_B group had the highest catalase activity (p<0.05). Partial replacement of SBM by FSBM increased relative mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) (p<0.05); however, FSBM_B+L increased CAT mRNA level to 5 times of the control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Using Bv- and Lb-processed SBM through two-stage fermentation to partially replace 6% of diets will improve the gut's antioxidant activity under commercial breeding in broilers.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2014

This study investigates the dietary risk factors in elderly individuals in rural Korea by focusing on the development of service programs that can improve their health. The sample included 1,000 free-living elderly individuals aged 65 and over in rural Korea. A three-stage stratified random sampling method based on 2010 Korean census data was employed. Data on the dietary status and the need for assistance in meal management were collected through face-to-face interviews. The dietary status was evaluated based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist, and the outcomes for three groups classified base on their family type were examined. According to NSI scores, more than 70% of the subjects faced some nutritional risk. The activities most requiring assistance in meal management included preparing meals (18.3%) and purchasing food items (11.7%). More than half of the subjects reported that having meals at community senior centers at least once a week. The results indicate that those subjects from single-individual households were most likely to face some nutritional risk and require, assistance in purchasing food items and preparing meals. In addition, these subjects were least likely to be satisfied with their health and dietary management. To improve the dietary status of elderly individuals in rural Korea, any service programs should facilitate their daily activities by focusing on improving their diet, particularly that of those from low-income, single-individual households.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.63-65
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• 2008

자작나무버섯의 4개 균주는 설악산의 사스래나무 한 나무에서 분리하였다. 균주들은 균주간의 동일성 유무를 대치배양과 ITS 영역의 일부를 증폭하는 NSI1과 ITS4B primer pairs를 이용하여 염기서열을 분석하였다. 균주들간의 대치선은 PDA 배지상에서 나타나지 않았고, rDNA 염기서열도 동일하게 나타났다. 결론적으로 이들 균주들은 동일한 균으로부터 기원한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2003

Objective: In this study, the analgesic effect of gold injection aqua-acupuncture on CFA induced arthritis in rats was inverstigated. Furthermore, to determine the antinociceptive mechanism of gold injection aqua-acupuncture, naloxone and yohimbine were administrated intraperitoneally 15min prior to the gold injection aqua-acupuncture. Methods: The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups. Control group, NSI, AMI, AMI+SL : AMI+Nx, AMI+Yb. Thereafter we measured the chages of TFL between control and experimental groups. Results: 1. The tail flick latency induced by CFA was significantly increased on AMI as compared with the NSI group. 2. Effect of sodium aurothiomalate aqua-acupuncture in TFL on CFA was decreased after application of naloxone. The anti-nociceptive effect of AMI was completely antagonized by naloxone(an opioid receptor antagonist). 3. Effect of sodium aurothiomalate aqua-acupuncture in TFL on CFA was decreased after application of yohimbine. The anti-nociceptive effect of AMI was completely antagonized by yohimbine(${\alpha}2$-adrenoceptor antagonist). Conclusions: According to the results, gold injection aqua-acupuncture has significant analgesic effects on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats and the effect of anti-nociception was mediated by opiodergic system and ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic system.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

Rice bran proteins from different cultivars(Youngan, Sindongjin, Suwon 511) were extracted with Xylanase using orthogonal analysis method and their functional properties were investigated. The optimum extraction conditions, based on protein content in the extract found to be at 1 wt% xylanase, pH 7 and 50:1, solvent to rice bran ratio(v/w %). Nitrogen solubility indices(NSI) of rice bran protein concentrates were shown a minimum value at pH 4 ranged 2~23%, varied with different cultivars and a maximum (NSI${\geq}$90% for all cultivars) at pH 10. As for water adsorption and fat adsorption capacity, rice bran protein concentrates were shown to be better than Na-caseinate and isolated soy protein, respectively. Emulsifying activities were observed high in order of Na-caseinate>Youngan rice bran protein>Shindongjin rice bran protein>Suwon 511 rice bran protein>isolated soy protein. In general, the surface tension of rice bran protein solution($10^{-3}$ wt%, 5 mM bis-tris, pH 7) was increased with increasing concentrations and found a minimum value near pI. On heating, it was decreased slightly with increasing temperatures up to $70^{\circ}C$ and then increased above $80^{\circ}C$. Addition of sodium chloride was made the surface tension decrease. In conclusion, with Xylanase, rice bran protein concentrate can be successfully extracted from the rice bran of different cultivars and the Youngan rice bran protein was thought to have best functionality among rice cultivars tested. It might be used as a milk protein substitute.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.312-318
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• 1990

두유제품을 저장하는 동안 단백질 등의 침전과 지방질의 크림층이 분리되는 현상에 미치는 두유제조 조건의 영향을 검토하기 위해서 분쇄, 균질처리 및 열처리조건이 두유의 현탁안정성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 먼저 $20^{\circ}C$의 물로 마쇄한 것을 blanching시 온도에 반비례하여 질소 용해도지수가 현저히 감소하였으나 $80^{\circ}C$의 물로 마쇄하는 경우 그 감소폭이 $20^{\circ}C$의 경우보다 적었다. 침지 대두를 분쇄하여 단백질 입자가 $53{\mu}$에서 $8{\mu}$으로 작아질수록 침전량이 감소하여 두유의 현탁안정성이 증가하였고 균질처리를 1회한 것보다는 2회 반복처리 한 것이 안정성이 증가하였으며 1회 처리시는 입자의 크기에 따라 차이가 심하였지만 2회 처리시는 그 차이가 감소되었다. 균질처리시 1단계 처리압력이 $200kg/cm^2$까지는 안정성이 증가하였고 팜유를 첨가하여 균질처리를 할 때의 온도가 $80^{\circ}C$까지 온도를 높일수록 안정성이 증가하였다. 두유제품을 살균할 때 열처리온도가 $120{\sim}125^{\circ}C$에서 30분 이상 열처리시에는 안정성이 급격히 감소되었다.