• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2012

The Fukushima-Daiichi accident shook the world, as a well-known plant design, the General Electric BWR Mark I, was heavily damaged in the tsunami, which followed the Great Japanese Earthquake of 11 March 2011. Plant safety functions were lost and, as both AC and DC failed, manoeuvrability of the plants at the site virtually came to a full stop. The traditional system of Emergency Operating Procedures (EOPs) and Severe Accident Management Guidelines (SAMG) failed to protect core and containment, and severe core damage resulted, followed by devastating hydrogen explosions and, finally, considerable radioactive releases. The root cause may not only have been that the design against tsunamis was incorrect, but that the defence against accidents in most power plants is based on traditional assumptions, such as Large Break LOCA as the limiting event, whereas there is no engineered design against severe accidents in most plants. Accidents beyond the licensed design basis have hardly been considered in the various designs, and if they were included, they often were not classified for their safety role, as most system safety classifications considered only design basis accidents. It is, hence, time to again consider the Design Basis Accident, and ask ourselves whether the time has not come to consider engineered safety functions to mitigate core damage accidents. Associated is a proper classification of those systems that do the job. Also associated are safety criteria, which so far are only related to 'public health and safety'; in reality, nuclear accidents cause few casualties, but create immense economical and societal effects-for which there are no criteria to be met. Severe accidents create an environment far surpassing the imagination of those who developed EOPs and SAMG, most of which was developed after Three Mile Island - an accident where all was still in place, except the insight in the event was lost. It requires fundamental changes in our present safety approach and safety thinking and, hence, also in our EOPs and SAMG, in order to prevent future 'Fukushimas'.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1623-1631
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein and energy on goats fed oil palm fronds (OPF) as roughages. Twenty-four male Saanen goats aged between 7 and 8 months and weighing $23.4{\pm}1.6kg$ were used in a $2{\times}3$ factorial design. Factors were three levels of urea (3%, 4% or 5%) and two levels of energy (low energy (LE) or high energy (HE)). On average, all parameters measured, including dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, digestible nutrient intakes, ruminal ammonia-N ($NH_3$-N), ruminal total volatile fatty acid (total VFA) and individual VFA concentrations (mM/L), microbial N supply, P/E ratio and N retention were higher for HE compared to LE diets. Significant (p<0.05) interactions were found between levels of urea and energy for nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) and energy (DE) digestibilities, ruminal $NH_3$-N and total VFA concentrations. HE diets had higher N absorption and retention than LE diets. Interactions between urea and energy for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), heat production (HP), and urine and faeces N excretion were significantly lower (p<0.05) for the HE diets than those recorded for the LE diets. The results indicated that supplementation of energy enhanced utilization of urea and resulted in higher animal performance as a consequence of improved ruminal fermentation, microbial yield and N balance. However, the optimal level of urea supplementation remained at 3% in the HE diet.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2002

Mineral composition and chemistry of the clay minerals in the three cores from the continental shelves of South Shetland Islands (NCS09) and Anberse Island (GC98-2), and from the fjord of King George Island (A10-01) were determined by X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis in search of the distributions and origin of the clay minerals in the Antarctic marine sediments. Smectite content is relatively high in NCS09 regardless of core depths (av. 8.3%), but low in GC98-2 (1.1%). In Al0-01, smectite content is higher in the upper section than in the lower section. Kaolinite was not detected from all the cores in this study Yellow to yellowish green clay granules were commonly scattered in the sediments of NCS09 cores. The clays contain 16.97% and 2.53% $Fe_2$$O_3$와 $K_2$O. Average structural formula of the clay indicates ferrian beidellite . The (Fe, K)-rich smectite of NSC09 must have been derived from relatively young basaltic volcanics altered by reaction with seawater near Shetland Islands by glacial erosion or eolian process related to volcanic eruption. GC98-2 nearer to Antarctic continent is very low in smectite content. In A10-01, the lower diamicton was deposited from the glacial erosion of smectite-free ancient volcanics in the interior of King George Island, while the upper section was derived from the smectite-bearing terrestrial debris and eolian materials after retreat of glaciers in Marian Cove and ice cover in Barton Peninsula. Thehigh K contents of smectites suggest the interstratification of illite and smectite layers, which might be observed by future TEM lattice fringe imaging.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 양수분 흡수율과 양이온 비율에 근거하여 백합과(부추)에 적합한 전용배양액을 개발하였다. 원예연구소 배양액액(NSH)을 1/2배액, 1배액, 3/2배액의 농도로 42일간 담액 수경재배를 한 결과 1/2배액에서 세가지 작물의 생육이 가장 좋았다. 양수분 흡수율에 근거하여 개발된 백합과 전용배양액(NSL)의 조성은 N 12, P 2.5, K 7, Ca 4 and Mg 2 me/L이다. NSL로 처리한 부추 작물의 상대생장율(RGR)은 1.11배 증가하였으며 엽록소 함량(SPAD value)은 1.16배 증가하였다. 그리고 부추의 가장 중요한 영양성분중 하나인 항산화성분-Ascorbic acid의 함량이 1.16배 증가하였다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제34호
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• pp.279-311
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• 2013

이 연구는 우리나라 국가위기관리체계의 문제점을 분석하여 발전방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 위기, 위기관리의 개념과 국가위기관리 조직체계, 국가위기관리 조직관련 법령 등을 살펴보았다. 우리나라의 국가위기관리 개념은 위기와 안전, 보안, 위험, 재난 등의 개념이 혼재된 가운데 용어가 혼용되어 사용되고 있다. 게다가 개별적으로 발전해온 법령으로 인하여 국가위기관리 조직은 분야별로 분산되고, 각각의 조직 운영으로 중복되어 효율성이 제한되며, 한정된 국가위기관리 자원이 비효율적으로 운용되고 있다. 결국 개별 법령에 규정된 다수의 국가위기관리 조직을 효율적으로 통합 관리하는 데에는 법체계상 한계가 있으며, 컨트롤 타워가 미흡한 가운데 관련부처간의 조정 통제가 곤란한 실태에 있다. 이에 따라 이 연구에서는 개념의 불명확성에 대한 문제점의 발전방안으로 위기의 개념을 명확히 하고, 조직과 법령이 분산된 문제점에 대해서는 국가 통합위기관리체계(IEMS)를 제시하였다. 이를 통하여 궁극적으로는 한국의 국가위기관리체계의 발전을 위한 조직적 법적 통합방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.945-948
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• 2008

내화 성능은 화재에 견디는 부재의 능력을 나타내는 하나의 척도이다. 콘크리트 기둥에서 내화성능은 많은 요인에 영향을 받는데, 주요 인자로는 강도, 밀도, 수분 상태, 화재 강도, 기둥의 크기 및 형상, 철근 상세, 하중 상태 및 골재 형태 등이 있다. 그런데, 고강도 콘크리트는 보통강도 콘크리트에 비하여 폭렬이 쉽게 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그리고 화재 시 고강도 콘크리트 기둥의거동은 이러한 폭렬에 큰 영향을 받는다. 따라서 폭렬제어를 위하여 PP섬유를 혼입하는 방법이 연구되고 있고 건설현장에서 성공적으로 적용되고 있다. 그런데 이러한 고강도 콘크리트의 내화 특성 향상뿐만 아니라 고강도 콘크리트 기둥의 내화 성능 평가 방법의 정립 또한 중요한 문제라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 폭렬이 제어된 고강도 콘크리트 기둥에 대하여 내화 성능 평가 방법에 따라 그 성능의 변화 양상에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1617-1624
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• 2011

Caustic (NaOH) solution is used to remove $H_2S$ from hydrocarbon streams in petroleum refining industry, gradually being, so called, spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) which has high levels of $H_2S$ and alkalinity. Thus, SSC can be used as an electron donor and a buffering agent for autotrophic denitrification. As SSC, however, contains some non-biodegradable organics, air stripping was conducted to remove the non-biodegradable organics. As a result, over 93 % of the non-biodegradable organics was removed within 30 min of aeration. Then, $Na_2S_2O_3{\cdot}5H_2O$, methanol and organic matters, which are produced from a biodiesel production plant, were added to reform the air-stripped SSC and their products being referred to new sulfidic caustics (NSCs) I, II and III, respectively. Thereafter, to investigate the effect of these products on the removal of COD and TN, these products were injected to a biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process, resulting in additional 44 % TN removal without noticeable increase in the effluent COD level. Therefore, it can be said that the BNR process is a promising option to treat NSC as demonstrated in this study whose results can be useful for developing resource recovery technologies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5427-5433
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• 2013

5-Azacytidine (5-azaC) was originally identified as an anticancer drug (NSC102876) which can cause hypomethylation of tumor suppressor genes. To assess its effects on runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), expression levels and the promoter methylation status of the RUNX3 gene were assessed. We also investigated alteration of biologic behavior of esophageal carcinoma TE-1 cells. MTT assays showed 5-azaC inhibited the proliferation of TE-1 cells in a time and dose-dependent way. Although other genes could be demethylated after 5-azaC intervention, we focused on RUNX3 gene in this study. The expression level of RUNX3 mRNA increased significantly in TE-1 cells after treatment with 5-azaC at hypotoxic levels. RT-PCR showed 5-azaC at $50{\mu}M$ had the highest RUNX3-induction activity. Methylation-specific PCR indicated that 5-azaC induced RUNX3 expression through demethylation. Migration and invasion of TE-1 cells were inhibited by 5-azaC, along with growth of Eca109 xenografts in nude mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the RUNX3 gene can be reactivated by the demethylation reagent 5-azaC, which inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of esophageal carcinoma TE-1 cells.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2012

Cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and adaptation to environmental changes are regulated by protein phosphorylation. In order to enhance the understanding of molecular dynamics for biological process in detail, it is necessary to develop sensitive and comprehensive analytical methods for the determination of protein phosphorylation. Neural stem cells hold great promise for neural repair following an injury or disease. In this study, we made differentiated oligodendrocytes from human neural stem cells using over-expression of olig2 gene. We confirmed using quantitative phosphoproteome analysis approach that combines stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and $TiO_2$ micro-column for phosphopeptide enrichment with $MS^2$ and $MS^3$ mass spectrometry. We detected 275 phosphopeptides which were modulated at least 2-fold between human neural stem cells and oligodendrocytes. Among them, 23 phosphoproteins were up-regulated in oligodendrocytes and 79 phosphoproteins were up-regulated in F3 cells.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2014

Electrical conductivities of complex perovskites, layered perovskite and Sr doped layered perovskite oxides were measured and analyzed for cathode materials of Intermediate Temperature-operating Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT-SOFCs). The electrical conductivities of $Sm_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_{3-\delta}$ (x = 0.3 and 0.7) exhibit a metal-insulator transition (MIT) behavior as a function of temperature. However, $Sm_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_{3-\delta}$ (SSC55) shows metallic conductivity characteristics and the maximum electrical conductivity value compared to the values of $Pr_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_{3-\delta}$ (PSC55) and $Nd_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_{3-\delta}$ (NSC55). The electrical conductivity of $SmBaCo_2O_{5+\delta}$ (SBCO) exhibits a MIT at about $250^{\circ}C$. The maximum conductivity is 570 S/cm at $200^{\circ}C$ and its value is higher than 170 S/cm over the whole temperature range tested. $SmBa_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_2O_{5+\delta}$ (SBSCO), 0.5 mol% Sr and Ba substituted at the layered perovskite shows a typically metallic conductivity that is very similar to the behavior of the SSC55 cathode, and the maximum and minimum electrical conductivity in the SBSCO are 1280 S/cm at $50^{\circ}C$ and 280 S/cm at $900^{\circ}C$.