• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.647-655
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• 1996

This paper examined the effects of users' expectations, norms and recreation motives on perceived conflict in a recreation setting. The study used data collected at Second Campground in Chirisan National Park, Korea, during the summer of 1994. Of the total 280 questionnaires distributed, 253 questionnaires(90.4%) were usable. About 82% of the respondents perceived conflict by others' late-night-singing. This study supported the notion that perceived conflict occurs when norms, expectations, and recreation motives are interfered with by others' incompatible behaviors. Solitude/nature motive factor was a better predictor of perceived conflict than norm-interference or expectation-interference. However, the relative predictability of each variable on perceived conflict could be various depending on different kinds of recreation motives, specific ways of measuring norms, expectations and conflict. Management implications were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2003

This study was designed to explain the intentions and consumption of dairy foods among university female students. The factors related to intentions of consumption or actual consumption of dairy foods were identified within the theory of planned behavior. The survey questionnaire, developed using open-ended questions (n=35) , was administered to university female students (n:184) Subjects completed information regarding attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, intentions and consumption of dairy foods. Correlation analysis and multiple regression were used to study the association of factors with intentions and consumption of dairy foods. Subjects showed relatively low intention to consume dairy foods (-0.4 $\pm$ 1.6 from a scale of -4-14). They ate 1.2 $\pm$ 0.9 servings of dairy foods a day and 52.2% of subjects had less than a serving a day, showing inadequate consumption of dairy foods. All three factors, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control were significantly correlated to the intentions to take dairy foods regularly (r : 0.26-0.27) . Multiple regression results, however, revealed that subjective norms (p < 0.01) and perceived control (p < 0.05) contributed to the model of explaining intentions, while attitudes did not (model $R^2$ : 0.154) . To predict and explain actual consumption of dairy foods, two regression models were examined. In the first model, perceived control was significant in predicting dairy foods consumption, while attitudes and subjective norms were not. In the second model, intentions and perceived control were significantly related to actual consumption of dairy foods, providing the empirical evidence of the theory (model $R^2$: 0.121) These results suggest that perceived control was significant in explaining actual behavior as well as intentions. This study suggests that nutrition education to increase dairy foods consumption for young adults should focus on increasing perception of control and eliciting social support from respected others.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.322-331
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the mediating effect of subjective norms in the relationship between standards precautions knowledge of and of standards precautions compliance in nursing students. The subjects of the study were 195 senior nursing students who completed clinical practice at three universities located in J province. As a result of the study, subjective norms showed a partial mediating effect between standards precautions knowledge and standards precautions compliance. And the explanatory power (R2) explaining the standards precautions compliance was 35%. Therefore, in order to promote the standards precautions compliance in nursing students, it is necessary to develop standards precautions knowledge and prepare effective strategies to induce subjective norms through it.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.45 no.4 s.115
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• pp.459-479
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• 2006

There has been an increasing concern of whether a real instructional change happens in a way to promote students' mathematical development. Against this background, this paper dealt with successes and difficulties an elementary school teacher went through as she moved on to student-centered instruction. The analysis drew on classroom observations for one year to illustrate how the teacher and students established social norms, sociomathematical norms, and classroom mathematical practices that could emphasize mathematical sense-making and justification of ideas. Close analysis showed many gradual but dramatic changes in terms of mathematics classroom culture. This led to consider possibly subtle but crucial issues with regard to implementing student-centered instruction.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-106
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• 2008

By analyzing a nation-wide survey, this article examines research related norms and values of 684 scientists in 16 universities and 7 government supported research institutes. The survey shows that Korean scientific community tends to reject communality and disinterestedness while it accepts universalism as a norm. Organized skepticism is received a lukewarm support. In contrast, Korean scientific community tends to perceive the intellectual property and secrecy as legitimate and believe that scientists should consider the applicability of scientific research outcome and its social impacts when they choose research topics. When other variables are controlled for, the more basic research a scientist conducts the scientist is more likely to support communality and reject secrecy. The younger scientists are less likely to accept disinterestedness and the claim that the scientists should keep distance from social issues than the older. Scientists who work in the government-supported research institutes are more likely to view secrecy for more than 6 months as legitimate and reject the claim that science should not be affected by society than university scientists. The implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.727-753
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• 2013

In this paper, we introduce three new broad classes of second-order generalized convex functions, namely, ($\mathcal{F}$, $b$, ${\phi}$, ${\rho}$, ${\theta}$)-sounivex functions, ($\mathcal{F}$, $b$, ${\phi}$, ${\rho}$, ${\theta}$)-pseudosounivex functions, and ($\mathcal{F}$, $b$, ${\phi}$, ${\rho}$, ${\theta}$)-quasisounivex functions; formulate eight general second-order duality models; and prove appropriate duality theorems under various generalized ($\mathcal{F}$, $b$, ${\phi}$, ${\rho}$, ${\theta}$)-sounivexity assumptions for a multiobjective programming problem containing arbitrary norms.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.135-151
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• 1997

This study of interfirm relationships is tested on a sample of Korean electric and electronic parts industry. The hypotheses present that (1) buyer's power affects administrative structure and relational norms, (2) communications are affected prior three antecedents, and (3) buyer's power, administrative structure, relational norms, and communication affects relational performances. The results indicate that buyer's power plays important roles in administrative structure and relational norms but communications are not explained three constructs. The result also indicates performances are partially affected by antecedents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.179-188
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• 1986

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relations between resources and conjugal power in Korea, with the specific purpose of testing Rodman's theory that norms and resources operate in a cultural context. The subjects of this study were 268 couples with children who lived in nuclear families and resided in Seoul. Relative conjugal power, norms about role and socioeconomic resources of spouses were measured with questionnaires based on Burr's research. The data were collected from one spouse of each couple. The data were analyzed using the Pearson's Correlation and one-way ANOVA. Results of this study generally supported Rodman's theory but were not consistent with Rodman's speculation that resources are more strongly related to power when norms are more equalitarian than patriarchal.

• 한국논리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.38-66
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• 2009

Weakening-free non-associative fuzzy logics, which are based on mica-norms, are introduced as non-associative substructural logics extending $GL_{e\bot}$ (Non-associative Full Lambek calculus with exchange and constants T, F) introduced by Galatos and Ono (cf. see [10, 11]). First, the mica-norm logic MICAL, which is intended to cope with the tautologies of left-continuous conjunctive mica-norms and their residua, and several axiomatic extensions of it are introduced as weakening-free non-associative fuzzy logics. The algebraic structures corresponding to the systems are then defined, and algebraic completeness results for them are provided. Next, standard completeness (i,e. completeness with respect to algebras whose lattice reduct is the real unit interval [0, 1]) is established for these logics by using Jenei and Montagna-style approach for proving standard completeness in [7, 18].

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationships among consumer's values(individualism and collectivism), attitude, subjective norms, and visit intention using reasoned action theory(RAT). The data were collected from 12 5 customers who visited coffee shops in Seoul and Kyonggi and were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS and AMOS The result of the overall model analysis appeared as follows: χ2=11.347, df=2, p=0.003, GF I=0.966, NF I=0.946, CF I=0.954, RMR=0.05 The findings are as follows: First, collectivism had a positive influence on attitudes and subjective norms. Second, Individualism had a significant positive influence on attitude toward coffee shops, but not on subjective norms. Third, both attitude and subjective norm had positive effects on visit intention.