• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2021

Purpose: The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to investigate how the psychological constructs of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) affect the individual intention of behaviors in adults. Social support is also important in enabling the stability of healthy eating. This study examined the relationship between three major constructs of TPB as well as social support and the intention of healthy dietary behaviors in adults residing in Beijing, China using the extended TPB. Methods: The study questionnaire was based on previously validated items and an online survey was conducted from October to November 2020. Using a total of 244 Chinese adults in Beijing, multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the relationships between three major constructs of TPB as well as the social support and intention of healthy eating. Results: Among the three major constructs of TPB, subjective norms (p = 0.044) and PBC (p = 0.000) were significantly related to the behavioral intention of healthy eating (p = 0.000), and the model explained 76.6% of the variance of the behavioral intention from the three constructs of TPB included in the multiple linear regression model. The additional inclusion of social support to the model did not increase the explanatory power of the model to describe the behavioral intention of healthy eating. The subjective norms (p = 0.040) and PBC (p = 0.000) were still significant where social support did not explain the variance of the behavioral intention adequately. Conclusion: The subjective norms and PBC may be potential determinants of the behavioral intention of healthy eating in adults residing in Beijing, China. These study results can be used to promote healthy eating in Chinese adults living in urban areas. Large-scale intervention studies will be needed to determine if social norms and PBC predict the actual behaviors of healthy eating in Chinese adults.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2022

Background: Problem drinking is a perennial concern in the US fire service. A large literature has documented the importance of addressing alcohol norms in intervention research. The purpose of this study was to explore alcohol norms in a national cohort of firefighters (FFs) to inform intervention development in this occupational group. Methods: Data were from a national online survey of career and volunteer FFs (N = 674). Participants were recruited through national fire service listservs and a database of FFs who had agreed to be contacted for research. Results: When asked about "acceptable" levels of alcohol consumption, FFs on average suggested levels which exceeded public health guidelines. Further, approximately half of career and volunteer FFs believed that, at least under some circumstances, drinking until intoxicated was normative. When asked how long should elapse between a FFs last drink and reporting for duty, the average suggested lag was 11.2 hours (sd = 4.6). However, among male volunteer FFs who reported heavy drinking, the average was 6.68 hours (sd = 4.77). Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of heavy and binge drinking in the fire service, it is not surprising that the alcohol norms found in this study were consistent with a culture of drinking. Participants' reports of alcohol use among their peers were consistent with the actual prevalence of problem drinking. Thus, education and prevention efforts in this occupation should focus on changing norms about alcohol use, including linking heavy drinking to other health and safety issues they face.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.317-327
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• 1998

본 연구는 Schwartz의 규범활성화이론을 산림휴양지에서의 쓰레기투기 행동에 적용하여 본 것으로 쓰레기투기 행동의 1)미적, 2)미적+생태적, 3)미적+생태적+경제적, 4)미적+생태적+경제적+교육적 결과에 대한 내용을 포함하는 각기 다른 설득메시지가 휴양객의 쓰레기투기의 결과에 대한 인지도, 쓰레기투기에 대한 개인규범과 행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 본 연구를 위한 데이터는 1996년 8월중 지리산 국립공원의 북부관리소지역에 위치한 제 2야영장에서 수집되었으며, 총177부중 144부(85%)가 본 연구를 위하여 이용되었다. 더불어, 휴양객의 쓰레기투기 행동에 대한 규범의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 1994년에 같은 장소에서 수집된 데이터를 부분적으로 이용하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 다른 내용을 포함한 설득메시지(미적, 미적+생태적, 미적+생태적+경제적, 미적+생태적+경제적+교육적)의 제공은 쓰레기투기 행동의 결과에 대한 인지도, 개인규범 또는 쓰레기투기 행동의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 쓰레기투기 행동의 결과에 대한 인지도가 높은 응답자는 낮은 응답자에 비하여 쓰레기를 지정된 장소가 아닌 곳에 함부로 버리지 않아야 한다는 개인규범의 강도가 높게 나타났다. 또한, 쓰레기투기 행동의 결과에 대한 인지도가 높은 응답자 또는 개인규범의 강도가 높은 응답자는 낮은 응답자에 비하여 쓰레기를 지정된 장소이외의 곳에 함부로 버리지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 1994년과 1996년 사이에 제 2야영장을 이용한 휴양객들의 쓰레기투기 행동에 대한 개인규범의 강도에는 변화가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과에 대한 토의와 더불어 몇 가지 관리방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 학교 과학 수업의 탐구활동 과정에서 어떤 규범이 형성되며 그러한 규범이 탐구 수행에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 분석하고, 이를 토대로 학교 과학 탐구를 실행하는 과정에서 직면하는 여러문제들에 대해 고찰하는 것이다. 초등학교 고학년 두 학급의 탐구활동 사례를 중심으로 수업 관찰, 학생과 교사 면담, 설문지 등의 다양한 출처를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 먼저, 교실 규범에 대한 이론적 범주로서 생활규범, 범교과 학습규범, 과학탐구 학습규범의 세 가지 범주를 구축하고, 각 범주의 하위 규범들을 귀납적으로 추출하였다. 더불어 각 규범들의 유형과 특징, 그리고 수업 및 탐구 수행에 미치는 영향을 함께 분석하였다. 교실 규범에 대한 분석을 토대로 학교 과학탐구의 실행 과정에서 직면하는 실질적인 문제로서 첫째, 집단적인 탐구 수행이 갖는 구조적인 어려움, 둘째, 탐구수업의 여러 국면에서 다르게 구현되는 교사의 권위, 셋째, 범교과적인 교육적 가치와 과학 탐구에서의 가치와의 갈등을 확인하였다. 끝으로 이러한 특징들이 학교 과학탐구의 실질적 실행과 교실 현상을 문화적으로 이해하는 데에 있어서 갖는 의미와 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore perceived meanings of dating and marriage among well-educated Korean couples who were in optimal marriageable ages. Particularly, an emphasis was placed on finding out where the traditional gender norms and post-modern contexts intersect on the couples' course of dating and marriage. Method: We undertook a qualitative analysis of 8 couples (age: 26-34) dating. Participants were limited to university graduates of upper-middle rank universities in Seoul, South Korea. The rationale for choosing such sample was based on the idea that characteristics of class is inherent in the act of dating and marriage, and that such characteristics lead to different contextual experiences in dating and marriage. This study was based on interviews conducted over a three-month time span. The interviews were first transcribed into research text and then subjects and key categories were drawn from the transcripts for analysis. Results: Participants sought meanings of joy, learning, and self-improvement in dating, and they were free from traditional gender norms in their romantic relationships. They viewed marriage as having a permanent companionship with their partner, becoming independent from their parents, and/or a social norm to be followed. Participants reported mixed perceptions about marriage in such fashion that they described their parents' relationship in terms of a gendered leader-supporter relationship, while viewing their own relationship as being genderless partners. In transition to parenthood, however, they regressed to traditional gender norms dichotomized as women being a homemaker and men being a breadwinner. In sum, participants displayed expectations that were inconsistent with regard to dating and marriage over the study period. That is, during the course of dating and early marriage, they did not hold separated gender norms; however, when transitioning from being a newly married couple to giving their first childbirth, expectations shifted to traditional gender norms and values. Conclusion: This suggests that it is not marriage, but the experience of childbirth and motherhood, which strengthen traditional gendered norms, engendering regeneration of the gender norms in families. The results indicate that there is a need to promote co-parenting behavior among the newly-married couples and to educate gender equality about parent roles or for parents in South Korea so that they can overcome traditional gendered norms in family.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.937-958
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• 1996

On the setting of product of balls we consider Toeplitz operators, with symbols satisfying a certain condition, on the Bergman space. Norms and essential norms of such operators are estimated by means of certain integral quantities.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.417-428
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• 2017

We classify the extreme bilinear forms of the unit ball of the space of bilinear forms on ${\mathbb{R}}^2$ with hexagonal norms.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.597-603
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• 2010

We obtain, in using generalized norms, some stability results for a very general system of di erential equations using the method of cone-valued Lyapunov funtions and we obtain necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the uniformly asymptotic stability of the nonlinear differential system.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2008

In this paper we present some trace inequalities for positive definite matrices in statistical mechanics. In order to prove the method of the uniform bound on the generating functional for the semi-classical model, we use some trace inequalities and matrix norms and properties of trace for positive definite matrices.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.322-326
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• 2005

We investigate the properties of A-transformations, P-transformations and L-transformations in metric spaces, t-norms and T-fuzzy equivalence relations.