• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.2867-2870
• /
• 2016

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy among females worldwide, approximately 320,000 women being diagnosed with the disease each year and 76,000 dying. To date, there is limited knowledge of endometrial cancer in Malaysia. Objectives: To identify the epidemiological profile and prognostic factors of survival. Materials and Methods: A list of endometrial cancer patients in 2000-2011 was obtained from the hospital Record Department. Only cases confirmed by histopathology examination were included. We excluded those with incomplete medical records or referral cases. Simple and multiple Cox regression approaches were used for data analysis. Results: Only 108 cases were included with a mean (SD) age of 62.7 (12.3) years, with 87.0% Malay ethnicity. Grade of cancer was: 29.1% grade 1, 43.7% grade 2 and 27.2% grade 3. The majority of patients had non-endometrioid type (60.2%), with myometrial invasion (82.2%) and lymphovascular invasion (57.3%). The significant prognostic factors were age (HR 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08, p=0.002) and having lymphovascular invasion (HR 2.15; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.29; p=0.030). Conclusions: Endometrial cancer patients should be diagnosed earlier to reduce the risk of mortality. The public should be given education on the signs and symptoms of the disease.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 1994

Two new 1,2-seco-1-nor-6((5 $\mapsto$ 10)abeo-picrasan-2,5-olideskeleton quassinoids, eurylactones A [1] and B [2], and two new $C_{19}$ skeleton quassinoids 3 and 4 were isolated from Eurycoma longifolia together with two known $C_{18}$ quassinoids 5 and 6. Their sttuctures were established by the spectral evidence.Many quassinoids have already been isolated (1-3) from the roots, wood, and leaves of Eurycoma longiolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) and have been used as a folk medicine insoutheast Asia. As part of a series of studies, we have further undertaken the chemicalinvestigation of the n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract and isolated two new1,2-seco-1-nor-6(5 $\mapsto$ 10)abeo-picrasane skeleton quassinoids 1 and 2, which have beenknown only in shinjulactone B (4,5) and yadanfiolide (6), two new $C_{19}$-type quasslnolds3 and 4, and two known C18-type quassinoids 5 and 6. In this paper, the structureelucidation and biosenetic relation of these compounds are described.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.17 no.1_2_3
• /
• pp.591-603
• /
• 2005

A representation for non-commutative Banach algebras is discussed, which generalizes the Gelfand representation for commutative Banach algebras and the Gelfand-Naimark representation for $C^{\ast}$-algebras. Its basic properties are also investigated. In appendix, an example of Banach algebra that is neither semi-simple nor radical is presented.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 1970

This paper describes the definition of the Ogcheon Group and its characters, and indicates that it is neither the Precambrian nor metamorphosed Cambro-Ordovician sediments, and its geological age might fall in Post-Ordovician on the bases of lithostratigraphy, correlation and geological structures.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.897-910
• /
• 2019

In this paper we introduce the notion of "robust special Anosov endomorphisms", and show that Anosov endomorphisms of tori which are not neither an Anosov diffeomorphism nor an expanding map, are not robust special.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 17 (14.8%) L. monocytogenes, 13 (11.3%) L. innocua, 7 (7%) L. welshimeri, and 83 (72.2%) S. aureus were isolated from commercial poultry carcasses in Seoul and Kyonggi province during the period between 2001 and 2003. Antibiotic susceptibility test of all Listeria strains isolated was performed by the disk agar diffusion method. Antibiotics used in the study were as follows; Amikacin (An), Ampicillin (Am), Cephalothin (Cf), Chloramphenicol (C), Ciprofloxacin (Cip), Erythromycin (E), Gentamicin (Gm), Imipenem (Ipm), Kanamycin (K), Minocycline (Mi), Neomycin (N), Norfloxacin (Nor), Ofloxacin (Ofx), Penicillin (P), Streptomycin (S), Tetracycline (Te), Tobramycin (Nn), Trimethoprim (Tmp), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazloe (Sxt), and Vancomycin (Va). The antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus isolates was performed by the disk agar diffusion method. For the latter program, antibiotics used to the study were as follows; Cf, C, Cip, Clindamycin (Cc), E, Gm, Ipm, Nafcillin (Nf), Oxacillin (Ox), P, Te, Sxt, and Va. Of the 17 L. monocytogenes isolates, 94.1% were resistant to Te, 88.2% to Mi, 11.8% to Nor, 11.8% to S, 5.9% to Cip, and 5.9% to C. Of 13 L. innocua, 53.8% were resistant to Te, 23.1% to Mi, 23.1% to S, 7.7% to Cip, and 7.7% to Nor. Of 7 L. welshimeri, 57.1% were resistant to Te, and 14.3% to Am. Of 83 S. aureus, 100% were resistant to Te, 86.7% to Gm, 34.9% to P, 15.7% to Cip, 12% to Cc, 9.6% to E. The multiple antibiotic resistance patterns of L. monocytogenes isolates were observed in Te Mi Cip (5.9%), Te Mi Nor (5.9%), Te Mi (76.5%), and Te Nor (5.9%). Multiple antibiotic resistance was also found in L. innocua isolates. Resistant to Te Mi S Cip Nor was 7.7%, Te Mi S (7.7%), Te Mi (7.7%), and was 7.7% to Te S. Antibiotic resistance patterns for S. aureus isolats were demonstrated to Te Gm P Cip Cc E (6.0%), Te Gm Cip Cc E (3.6%), Te Gm P Cc (1.2%), Te Gm P (15.6%), Te Gm Cip (2.4%), Te P Cip (2.4%), Te Gm Cc (1.2%), Te Gm (56.6%), Te P (9.6%), and to Te Cip (1.2%). The results of this study suggest a high incidence of Lsteria spp. and S. aureus on poultry carcasses. The contaminated poultry carcasses may be a potential vehicle for foodborne infections due to multiple antimicrobial resistant organisms.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 2014

As the occupancy rate of the flash memory increases in the storage media market for the embedded system and the semi-conductor industry grows, the demand and supply of flash memory is increasing by a big margin. They are especially used in large quantity in the smart phones, tablets, PC, SSD and Soc(System on Chip) etc. The flash memory is divided into the NOR type and NAND type according to the cell arrangement structure and the NAND type is divided into the SLC(Single Level Cell) and MLC(Multi Level Cell) according to the number of bits that can be stored in each cell. Many tests have been performed on NOR type such as BIST(Bulit-In Self Test) and BIRA(Bulit-In Redundancy Analysis) etc, but there is little study on the NAND type. For the case of the existing BIST, the test can be proceeded using external equipments like ATE of high price. However, this paper is an attempt for the improvement of credibility and harvest rate of the system by proposing the BIST for the MLC NAND type flash memory of Finite State Machine structure on which the pattern test can be performed without external equipment since the necessary patterns are embedded in the interior and which uses the MLC NAND March(x) algorithm and pattern which had been proposed for the MLC NAND type flash memory.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.682-687
• /
• 2022

In this paper, the research results on monolithic three-dimensional integrated-circuit (M3DICs) stacked with tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) are introduced. Unlike metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), TFETs are designed differently from the layout of symmetrical MOSFETs because the source and drain of TFET are asymmetrical. Various monolithic 3D inverter (M3D-INV) structures and layouts are possible due to the asymmetric structure, and among them, a simple inverter structure with the minimum metal layer is proposed. Using the proposed M3D-INV, this M3D logic gates such as NAND and NOR gates by sequentially stacking TFETs are proposed, respectively. The simulation results of voltage transfer characteristics of the proposed M3D logic gates are investigated using mixed-mode simulator of technology computer aided design (TCAD), and the operation of each logic circuit is verified. The cell area for each M3D logic gate is reduced by about 50% compared to one for the two-dimensional planar logic gates.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.878-882
• /
• 2019

XOR(exclusive-OR)-XNOR(exclusive NOR) circuit is a basic component of 4-2 compressor for high performance arithmetic operation. In this paper we propose an energy efficient XOR-XNOR circuit. The proposed circuit is reduced the internal parasitic capacitance in critical path and implemented with 8 transistors. The circuit produces a perfect output signals for all input combinations. Compared with the previous circuits, the proposed circuit has a 14.5% reduction in propagation delay time and a 1.7% increase in power consumption. Therefore, the proposed XOR-XNOR is reduced power-delay- product (PDP) by 13.1% and energy-delay-product (EDP) by 26.0%. The proposed circuits are implemented with standard CMOS 0.18um technology and verified through SPICE simulation with 1.8V supply voltage.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.17-33
• /
• 2022

While the term is nothing new, 'cybersecurity' still seems to be defined quite loosely and subjectively depending on context. This is problematic especially to legal writers for prosecuting cybercrimes that do not fit a particular clause/act. In fact, what is more difficult is the non-existent single 'cybersecurity law' in Malaysia, rather than the current implementation of 10-related cyber security acts. In this paper, the 10 acts are compiled into a corpus to analyse the language used in these acts via a corpus linguistics approach. A list of frequent words is firstly investigated to see whether the so-called related laws do talk about cybersecurity followed by close inspection of the concordance lines and habitually associated phrases (clusters) to explore use of these words in context. The 'compare 2 wordlist' feature is used to identify similarities or differences between the 10 Malaysian cybersecurity related laws against a corpus of cyber laws from other ASEAN countries. Findings revealed that ASEAN cyber laws refer mostly to three cybersecurity dominant themes identified in the literature: technological solutions, events, and strategies, processes, and methods, whereas Malaysian cybersecurity-related laws revolved around themes like human engagement, and referent objects (of security). Although these so-called cyber related policies and laws in Malaysia are highlighted in the National Cyber Security Agency (NACSA), their practical applications to combat cybercrimes remain uncertain.