• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1999

We constructed a wire-cylinder type pulsed corona discharge system for $NO_x$ removal, which was operated in room temperature. A emission spectrometer was built with a boxcar averager and monochrometer equipped with photo-multiplier tube detector. The sensitivity of the emission spectrometer was greatly improved by synchronizing the emission spectrometer with pulsed corona discharge system using a triggered spark-gap switch. $N_2$ spectrum($c^3{\Pi}_u{\rightarrow}X^1{\Sigma}_g{^+}$) was measured in the range of 300 - 450 nm and oxidizing OH radical emission($A^2{\Sigma}^+{\rightarrow}X^2{\Pi}$) was measured in case $N_2$ was supplied with water bubbling. As wet gas composition of inlet $N_2$ supplied in the discharge system increased, the intensity of OH emission was increased and saturated at wet gas composition 50%. We also investigated additive effect of $C_2H_4,\;H_2O,\;H_2O_2$ on the intensity of OR emission and $NO/NO_2/NO_x$ reduction and analysed the related reaction mechanism in corona discharge process. $H_2O_2$ additive increased the intensity of OH emission and $NO/NO_x$ reduction.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.177-179
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• 2012

This work presents an experimental investigation to study $NO_x$ emissions under stoichiometric air ratio and elevated pressure (2~10bar) in a High Press Combustor(HPC) equiped with double cone burner which was designed by Pusan Clean Coal Center(PC3). Exaust gas temperature and $NO_x$ emissions were measured at the end of the combustion chamber. The $OH^*$ radical concentration and $NO_x$ emission were decreased as a function of increasing ${\lambda}$ generally. On the other hand, $OH^*$ radical concentration and $NO_x$ emission increased with ${\lambda}$ pressure of the combustion chamber. $NO_x$ emissions which were governed by thermal $NO_x$, were highly increased under the elevated pressure, but slightly increased at sufficiently low fuel concentrations (${\lambda}>2.0$).

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.289-317
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to reseach the effect of Daesihotang and its component groups on diabetes, free radical and antioxidative defense system in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The experimental group was divided into three groups: Daesihotang (DS), Soyangyak (DS1), Yangmyungyak (DS2). The results were obtained as follows: The level of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, creatinine in serum were considerablely reduced by Daesihotang. And the level of HDL cholesterol, albumin, total protein in serum were increased by Daesihotang significantly. And the level of BUN has some decreased, but with no significancy. In the study of Daesihotang on free radical scavenging effect in vitro, it has shown that Daesihotang and its components group have significant suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration. And in other experiments as scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in $H_2O_2-Fe^{2+}$ system, Daesihatang have some activity, but with no significancy. In the study of Daesihotang on antioxidative defense system in vivo, the activity of GOT and GPT in serum were significantly increased; and the amounts of lipid peroxide in serum was reduced significantly but in liver no significancy. In hepatic catalase activity, Daesihotang has showed significant effect. In the level of hepatic glutathione, Daesihotang increased the amount of glutathione significantly. And in the activity of glutathione-s-transferase, Daesihotang has decreasing effect but has no significancy. These result suggest that Daesihotang has strong effect on diabetes and it is useful to prevent diabetes, but has less effect on peroxidative damage by free radical.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2017

The authors evaluated the scavenging activities of ABTS+ radical, hydroxy radical (OH), nitric oxide (NO), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) from ethanol extracts of four edible alga, Enteromorpha linza, Porphyra tenera, Sargassum fusiforme, and Undaria pinnatifida. ABTS+ scavenging activity was analyzed according to the method of Brand-Williams et al. ABTS+ scavenging activity of S. fusiforme was evaluated to 61.8% at 8.0 mg/ml. ABTS+ scavenging activity of P. tenera was evaluated to 35.7% at 8.0 mg/ml. P. tenera and U. pinnatifida showed similar inhibitions of ABTS+ scavenging activity. According to the results of the OH assay in seaweed, inhibitory activities were in the order of S. fusiforme > P. tenera > U. pinnatifida > E. linza. The results showed scavenging activity for NO in the following order of potency: S. fusiforme > P. tenera > U. pinnatifida > E. linza with concentration values of 8.0 mg/ml. The NO scavenging activities of dough, which was instant noodles mixed with S. fusiforme and 3.5% salt, were 27.2% at 8.0 mg/ml. After boiling for 5 minutes, FRAP scavenging activity of instant noodles mixed with extracts of U. pinnatifida was evaluated to 31.5% at 8.0 mg/ml. S. fusiforme showed the highest inhibition activity of ABTS+, OH, NO, and FRAP among the four algae. Thus, these findings provide evidence that P. tenera, U. Pinnatifida, S. fusiforme, and E. linza extracts could become sources of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.45-51
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• 2013

This study is to discuss simulation results with 51 principal chemical reactions in non-thermal plasma space under atmospheric pressure, and the ambient gas was mainly composed of oxygen and nitrogen molecules. The initial density of O and OH radicals under the ambient temperature of 300K is largely generated in comparison with other higher temperature, and the density of O radical decreased from $20{\mu}s$ according to increase the temperature. The initial density of OH radical seemed to decrease steeply at the initial stage. By increasing the initial density of $H_2O$ molecules, O radical's effect was few and the density of OH radical was largely generated about 2 times. In addition, ozone density was increased as increasing the density of O radical, but it was decreased as increasing the density of $H_2O$. In case of the temperature more than 300K, $NO_2$ tend to be removed, but NO was increased than the initial density.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2008

The aim of the study is to investigate the antioxidant activity through, reducing power, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide radical ($H_2O_2$) scavenging activity and the amount of total phenolic compounds of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Talinum portulacifolium. Chloroform extract of leaves of T. portulacifolium showed highest antioxidant activity, with a direct relationship between activity and concentration of extracts ($15-240\;{\mu}g/mL$). Among all the extracts, the highest amount of the total polyphenolic compounds was found in the chloroform extract. Chloroform extract of T. portulacifolium showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the DPPH, NO, Superoxide and $H_2O_2$ radicals, with $IC_{50}$ values of 133.26, 165.75, 156.34 and $135.29\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In the lipid peroxidation assay, extracts of chloroform and ethyl acetate showed a remarkable inhibitory activity. The extracts showed significant activity in all the experiments but lower than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to identfy the relationship between the body image adjustment of daily life. 58 subjects who had undergone radical mastectomy or modified radical mastectomy from 1979 to April 1984 at Seoul National University Hospital were selected as a sample and used for a final analysis. Finding of this study were as follows; 1) The relationship between the body image and the adjustment of daily life were significant differences. The body image is more positive, the adjustment of daily life is bet-ter. However, the cause-effect relationship was not found in this study. (p<0.05) 2) There were no significant differences in the body image between the right side mastectomy and left side mastectomy, between the radical mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy between those who had occupation and those who did not have occupation, and between the level of education. 3) There was no significant correlation between the body image and age, between the body image and elapsed time after surgery.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2014

This study was attempted to investigate antioxidant activities of water and ethanol extract from Rosa multiflora (RM) by in vitro assays measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-di-2-ethyl-benzthiazoline sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content. The water and ethanol extracts from RM scavenged the DPPH radical and ABTS radical in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration range from 10 to $500{\mu}g/ml$. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of water extract was higher than that of ethanol extract. $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extract were $79.73{\mu}g/ml$ and $145.85{\mu}g/ml$. The reducing power activity of water extract was higher than that of ethanol extract. The nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity of the RM extract was similar to their DPPH radical scavenging activity. $IC_{50}$ of ABTs radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extract was $79.82{\mu}g/ml$ and $159.03{\mu}g/ml$. The reducing power activity of water extract (0.775) was higher than that of ethanol extract (0.568). Total phenolic content of water extract (140.74 mg/g) was higher than that of the ethanol extracts (37.83 mg/g). Total flavonoid content of water extract (45.31 mg/g) was higher than that of the ethanol extracts (42.68 mg/g). This results suggest that water extract of RM may be useful as potential antioxidant sources.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.318-324
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• 2016

This study was aimed to verify anti-inflammatory activity of fermented Sargassum siliquanstrum with lactic acid bacteria. Anti-inflammatory activities were compared by measuring the amount of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and suppressive effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in stably transfected RAW 264.7 cells. Inhibitory activities of NO production and iNOS expression were measured after confirmation of NO radical scavenging activities. Fermentation increased NO radical scavenging activities from 7.6% to 15.2% compared to non-fermented condition, and fermentation with Lactobacillus sp. SH-1 was the most efficient. Fermentation without algal debris showed better NO radical scavenging activities than that with debris. Fermentation with Lactobacillus sp. SH-1 also showed the highest NO production inhibitory activity (64.1%) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. LPS-induced iNOS expression was diminished to 28.6, 35.6, 49.4 and 58.5 at 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 μg/ml, respectively, by fermentation with Lactobacillus sp. SH-1. According to MTT assay, fermented S. siliquanstrum did not influence the cell viability at all concentrations tested, meaning no or less cytotoxicity. These results suggest that S. siliquanstrum has NO radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus biological activities of S. siliquanstrum were upgraded by fermentation, which could be used for the development of functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.686-694
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• 2013

Shade treatment of Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai was carried out with 0, 35, and 55% shading net, and samples were marked as no shade, 35% shade, and 55% shade, respectively. We examined in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-2-pricylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, a reducing power assay, a total antioxidant assay, a metal chelating assay, a superoxide radical scavenging assay, and a nitric oxide inhibition assay. As a result, no shade and 35% shade possessed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power ability than that of 55% shade. Notably, no shade had significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than those in the other samples. No shade exhibited significantly higher total antioxidant activity than that of 35% shade and 55% shade. However, the chelating ability of 55% shade was significantly greater than that of no shade and 35% shade; 55% shade also showed significantly higher anti-inflammatory capacity than that of no shade or 35% shade.