• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.449-456
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• 2014

Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts of ginseng berry (GBE) was investigated through the evaluation of its inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory meditator, nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrocis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. GBE was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, buthanol and $H_2O$, sequentially. RAW264.7 cells were induced $100ng/m{\ell}$ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with 0, 1.6, 8, 40 and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of GBE fractions. LPS-induced NO production on all of GBE fractions was inhibited with increasing added concentration of GBE fractions. Chloroform fraction of GBE was the most effective in inhibiting LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ production. Hexane, chloroform and $H_2O$ fractions of GBE exhibit strong inhibition LPS-induced IL-6 production. Especially, $H_2O$ fractions of GBE was the most effective in inhibiting LPD-induced IL-6 production without significant cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells, and reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and IkB phosphorylation. These results indicate that $H_2O$ fractions of GBE exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of NF-kB by inhibition of p-38 on MAPK and IkB phosphorylation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.908-913
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• 2004

Farfrae Flos has been clinically used for the treatment of asthma in traditional oriental medicine. There is lack of studies regarding the effects of Farfrae Flos on the immunological activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Farfrae Flos on the regulatory mechanism of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) for the immunological activities in Raw 264.7 cells. In Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation, Farfrae Flos water extract inhibited nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner and abrogated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Farfrae Flos water extract did not affect on cell viability. To investigate the mechanism by which Farfrae Flos water extract inhibits iNOS and COX-2 gene expression, we examined the on the phospholylation of inhibitor κBα and production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Results provided evidence that Farfrae Flos inhibited the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the activation of phospholylation of inhibitor κBα in Raw 264.7 cells activated with LPS. These findings suggest that Farfrae Flos can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

This work was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Paulownia coreana Uyeki on abirritant, atopy and acne skin. Paulownia coreana Uyeki has been used as a traditional medicine having anti-febrile, anti-inflammation effect in Korea, Paulownia coreana Uyeki loaves were extracted with 70% EtOH. Its superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production were examined. The extract inhibitied the generation of NO and $PGE_2$ induced by LPS in the macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7). Consistent with the inhibitory effects on No and $PGE_2$ generation, the extract inhibited expression of iNOS and COX-2. In further study, it was found that the extract prevented $IkB-{\alpha}$ degradation, as demonstrated by western blot analysis of $IkB-{\alpha}$ protein level. However, the extract treatment did not affect cell viability at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration in both human skin fibroblast and Raw 264.7 cells in vitro. Thus, the present study suggests that Paulownia coreana Uyeki leaves extract have significant anti-inflammatory activity and potential as an anti-irritation material.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2015

In order to control garlic white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum), which threatens garlic production in farmers fields, soil solarization (solar sterilization), sclerotia germination inducers and effective microorganisms as biological control agents, and chemical fungicides have been used. Among them, fungicide has been largely used to reduce garlic white rot. In this study, the antifungal activities of five fungicides, prochloraz(a.i. 25%, EC), tebuconazole (a.i. 25%, WP), flutolanil (a.i. 15%, EC), iminoctadine tris-albesilate (a.i. 40%, WP) and isoprothiolane (a.i. 40%, EC) with different mode of action, in mycelial growth, sclerotia germination and sclerotia production, were tested. The inhibitory effects of the 5 fungicides on the mycelial growth, and sclerotia germination and production of garlic white rot pathogen (S. cepivorum T11-2) were investigated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and their control efficacies were evaluated on garlic flakes. There was no mycelial growth of S. cepivorum T11-2 on PDA amended with $0.8{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of prochloraz or $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of tebuconazole. Also prochloraz and tebuconazole inhibited perfectively the sclerotia germination of the pathogen at 10 and $1.0{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, respectively. In spite of a very low activity of isoprothiolane in mycelial growth and sclerotia germination of S. cepivorum T11-2, it showed a good inhibitory activity against sclerotia production of S. cepivorum T11-2 on PDA amended with $1.67{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$. Prochloraz, tebuconazole and flutolanil showed above 70% of control value when they were treated at $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ using the garlic flake cutting-method.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.441-447
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• 2003

To examine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in regulation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1$\beta$)-induced iNOS expression, IL-1$\beta$-induced nitrite production was observed in cultured vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells pretreated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and phorbol 12,13-butyrate (PDB) as PKC activator; 4$\alpha$-phorbol-didecanoate (PDD) as PKC non-activator. Nitrite production induced by IL-1$\beta$ was increased by the presence of increasing concentration of PMA ranging from 2 to 200 nM. However, in VSM cells pretreated with PMA and PDB, IL-1$\beta$-induced $NO_2$ production was decreased in proportion to the duration of pretreatment, and most significantly decreased in pretreatment time of 24 hours. Using RT-PCR method, the expression of iNOS mRNA induced by IL-1$\beta$ was decreased in VSM cells pretreated with PMA 200 nM for 24 hours. These results suggest that decrease in IL-I$\beta$-induced nitrite production by the pretreatment of PMA result from inhibition of iNOS expression and the inhibition related to PMA-induced PKC down-regulation.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.180-185
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• 2001

Al and Cd-induced inhibition of vitellogenin (VTG) production was examined at the estrogen receptor (ER) level in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss hepatocytes. The binding of $[^3H]$ $estradiol-17\beta\;(E_2)$ to hepatocytes reached a plateau 3 days after addition of $E_2\;(2\times\;10^{-6} M)$to the medium. The binding activity was linearly reduced with the increased concentrations $(-10^{-5}\;M)$ of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT) and specific binding linearly increased with the increased doses of $[^3H]\;E_2$, indicating that the radioligand bound to ER. Al $(-10^{-4}\;M)$and Cd $(10^{-6}\;M)$ as well as 4-OHT $(10^{-6}\;M)$ significantly reduced the $[^3H]\;E_2$-binding activity by $30­40\%$, while they completely inhibited VTG production. Al and Cd had no effect on $E_2-human$ $ER\alpha$ binding activity at any concentrations used $(-10^5\;nM\;each)$. These results suggested that Al and Cd inhibited VTG production in part by interfereing with the ER level. Inhibitory effects of these metals on the $E_z-dependent$ upregulation of ER activity are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

Objectives This study was designed to investigate whether the Cheongajihwang-Tang (CT) has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Methods Cytotoxic activity of CT extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution. Nitric oxide production was measured using Griess reagent system. The total phenolic contents and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was measured to evaluate the anti-oxidative effects of CT. Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) has been used as a substrate for measuring intracellular oxidant production. Results Cheongajihwang-Tang does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration. CT showed anti-oxidative effects in vitro by decreasing electron donating ability, and also showed anti-inflammatory effects suppressing NO and ROS expression in LPS induced RAW264.7 activation. CT inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS production as dose dependant manner. Conclusions CT has anti-oxidative effects and anti-inflammatory activities. These results indicate that CT extract has an anti-inflammatory activities via anti-oxidative effects.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2019

Arctium minus (AM), commonly known as lesser burdock, is a dried fruit (seed) of Aructium lappa L. that belong to Asteraceae. It has been used traditionally as herbal medicine because of its anti-inflammatory effects, and it has been applied to treat various diseases like allergies, skin aging, hyperlipidemia and urinary stone. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of AM on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pre-treatment of the RAW 264.7 cells with AM considerably inhibited and reduced production of Nitric Oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and also shows suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) translocation. In addition, AM treatment considerably reduced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicate that the AM has potential to inhibit inflammation through suppressing production of inflammatory mediators via both the NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK signaling pathway. We therefore suggest that AM might be effective therapeutics for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.399-405
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• 2013

This study was carried out to analyze the effects on antioxidative, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (PT) stem extracts. The total phenolic contents of hot water and ethanol extracts from PT stems were 61.5 mg TAE/g and 122.1 mg TAE/g, respectively. The antioxidative activities of hot water and ethanol extracts from PT stem were measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of ethanol extract and butanol fraction were approximately 95% and 92% at 1 mg/ml, respectively, and the SOD activities of ethanol extract and butanol fraction were about 91% and 97% at 1 mg/ml, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activities of ethanol extract and butanol fraction from PT stem increased remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner and were higher than in the hot water extracts. Compared to the acarbose, a known anti-diabetic drug, which was used as a positive control, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory capacity of PT stem showed a strong inhibitory rate in ethanol extract and in butanol and hexane fractions. We investigated the effect of hot water extract from PT stem on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Hot water extract from PT stem inhibited LPS-induced NO production up to 40% at a treatment of 1 mg/ml. These results suggest that PT stem extracts have an effect on antioxidative, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and thus have great potential as antidiabetic materials and a source for natural health products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2023

In this study, exosomes were isolated by ultrafiltration from Lactobacillus rhamnosus J2K-821 and their various effects for skin were evaluated. Their size and concentration were identified 50 ~ 200 nm and 3.22 × 10⁸ particles/mL, respectively through nanoparticle tracking analysis. In order to verify the inflammatory relief effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus-derived exosomes (LRDEs), their nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory ability in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced an inflammatory reaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was confirmed. It was revealed that they inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. To evaluate the antioxidant activity and skin barrier improvement effect of LRDEs, their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity were confirmed. It was also revealed that their activities were increased by concentration-dependent manner. Through these results, It is believed that LRDEs can be used as a effective natural cosmetic ingredient for anti-inflammation, antioxidation and skin barrier improvement.