• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.999-1010
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• 2016

Ganoderma lucidum BCCM 31549 has a long established role for its therapeutic activities. In this context, much interest has focused on the possible functions of the (1,3)-β-D-glucan (G) produced by these cultures in a stirred-tank bioreactor and extracted from their underutilized mycelium. In the existing study, we report on the systematic production of G, and its sulfated derivative (GS). The aim of this study was to investigate G and its GS from G. lucidum in terms of their antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity spectrum against human prostate cells (PN2TA) and human caucasian histiocytic lymphoma cells (U937). ¹H NMR for both G and GS compounds showed β-glycosidic linkages and structural similarities when compared with two standards (laminarin and fucoidan). The existence of characteristic absorptions at 1,170 and 867 cm^-1 in the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) for GS demonstrated the successful sulfation of G. Only GS exhibited antimicrobial activity against a varied range of test bacteria of relevance to foodstuffs and human health. Moreover, both G and GS did not show any cytotoxic effects on PN2TA cells, thus helping demonstrate the safety of these polymers. Moreover, GS showed 40% antiproliferation against cancerous U937 cells at the low concentration (60 μg/ ml) applied in this study compared with G (10%). Together, this demonstrates that sulfation clearly improved the solubility and therapeutic activities of G. The water-soluble GS demonstrates the potential multifunctional effects of these materials in foodstuffs.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Phyllospadix japonica Makino is a perennial plant belonging to the family Zosteraceae. This species is native to the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula, and it is found attached to rocks on the seashore. As with all seagrass species, P. japonica is also known to play a major role in protecting the marine environment, and studies on its physiological activities suggestive of its antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potentials have been reported. In this study, purification and structural analysis were performed to identify the polyphenol substances derived from P. japonica. METHODS AND RESULTS: An polyphenol substance MP-1 was purified from the 70% aqueous methanol extract of P. japonica using Diaion® HP-20 column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, and medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). The purified MP-1 was identified as rosmarinic acid having a molecular weight of 360 and a molecular formula of C18H16O8 through electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. CONCLUSION(S): This study highlights the processes used for the identification of the polyphenol substance derived from P. japonica. Rosmarinic acid, the polyphenol derived from P. japonica identified by this study, is a kind of bioactive substance mainly present in plants. These findings provide an important starting point and are valuable for future studies on bioactive substances in seagrass.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1606-1614
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• 2023

Biochemical gut metabolism of dietary bioactive compounds is of great significance in elucidating health-related issues at the molecular level. In this study, a human gut bacterium cleaving C-C glycosidic bond was screened from puerarin conversion to daidzein, and a new, gram-positive C-glycoside-deglycosylating strain, Dorea sp. MRG-IFC3, was isolated from human fecal sample under anaerobic conditions. Though MRG-IFC3 biotransformed isoflavone C-glycoside, it could not metabolize other C-glycosides, such as vitexin, bergenin, and aloin. As evident from the production of the corresponding aglycons from various 7-O-glucosides, MRG-IFC3 strain also showed 7-O-glycoside cleavage activity; however, flavone 3-O-glucoside icariside II was not metabolized. In addition, for mechanism study, C-glycosyl bond cleavage of puerarin by MRG-IFC3 strain was performed in D₂O GAM medium. The complete deuterium enrichment on C-8 position of daidzein was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and the result clearly proved for the first time that daidzein is produced from puerarin. Two possible reaction intermediates, the quinoids and 8-dehydrodaidzein anion, were proposed for the production of daidzein-8d. These results will provide the basis for the mechanism study of stable C-glycosidic bond cleavage at the molecular level.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.92-96
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• 1997

Nowadays, ceramides have been found to be an important component in the outermost layer of the skin - the stratum corneum. It is undersrood that ceramides play an important role in structure and maintenance of the interellular lipid lamella structure in the SC layer. Thus, many efforts have been made by the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries to get human skin-identical ceramides or pseudoceramides which show similar performance with natural ceramides. The purpose of our study was to systhesize new pseudoceramides via an effective and economical systhetic pathway and to show their performance of skin restoratio. Four kinds of the new pseudoceramides were synthesized by the reaction of alcoholic amine and alkyl ketene dimer. First of all, PC-4 and PC-5 were synthesized by the reaction of 3-amino-1,2-propanidiol and serinol with alkyl ketene dimer respectively. After that, PC-4R and PC-5R were produced by changign kitone group at $\beta$-position to amide bond of above synthesized PC-4 and PC-5 into hydroxyl group using NaBH4 respectively. Their expected structures were conformed by the NMR, IR spectra, and elemental analysis. A study to show the restoration effectiveness was performed in which human skin was pretreated with high concentration of SDS surfactant solution. Using 0.5% solution of above synthesized pseudoceramides, there was the significantly faster restoration of the damaged than that of placebe itself treatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.spc8
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• pp.2981-2987
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• 2011

A comparative study of the photodynamic and antioxidant activities of methyl pheophorbide-a (MPa, 1) and its transition metal(II) complexes (2-5) is described. Four transition metal complexes (palladium(II): 2, zinc(II): 3, cobalt(II): 4 and copper(II): 5) of MPa were prepared by reaction between the corresponding transition metal and 1, respectively, and were characterized by $^1H$-NMR and UV-vis spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. In vitro results show a photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy with A549 cells might be attributed to a heavy atom effect of the transition metal complexes of MPa. Among them, 4 and 5 showed higher photodynamic activity than that of 1 at the concentration of 5 ${\mu}M$ at 24 h incubation after photoirradiation. The images of morphological change for 2-5 show evidence for the PDT effect with A549 cells. And the all transition metal complexes of MPa showed higher antioxidant activity than that of MPa, in which 4 showed the highest antioxidant activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1800-1808
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• 2013

Dual-responsive amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized by combining enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (eROP) of ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone (CL) and ATRP of N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The obtained block copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), $^1H$ NMR and FTIR-IR. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of copolymer was determined by fluorescence spectra, it can be found that with hydrophilic block (PDMAEMA) increasing, CMC value of the polymer sample increased accordingly, and the CMC value was 0.012 mg/mL, 0.025 mg/mL and 0.037 mg/mL for $PCL_{50}$-b-$PDMAEMA_{68}$, $PCL_{50}$-b-$PDMAEMA_{89}$, $PCL_{50}$-b-$PDMAEMA_{112}$, $PCL_{50}$-b-$PDMAEMA_{89}$ was chosen as drug carrier to study in vitro release profile of anti-cancer drug (taxol). The temperature and pH dependence of the values of hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of micelles, and self-assembly of the resulting block copolymers in water were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The result showed that with the temperature increasing and pH decreasing, the Dh decreased. Drug-loaded nanoparticles were fabricated using paclitaxel as model. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) had been explored to study the morphology of the hollow micelles and the nanoparticles, revealing well-dispersed spheres with the average diameters both around 80 nm. In vitro release kinetics of paclitaxel from the nanoparticles was also investigated in different conditions (pH and temperature, etc.), revealing that the drug release was triggered by temperature changes upon the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at pH 7.4, and at $37^{\circ}C$ by an increase of pH.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2020

Global warming has led to an increase in demand of eco-friendly vehicles, such as electric cars, for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and especially, regulating carbon dioxide generation. In addition, electric vehicles are equipped with an electric drive-type hermetic scroll compressor and a refrigerant, which exhibit current and future trends of using environmentally friendly refrigerants, including R-1234yf. In this study, polyol ester-based refrigeration oils are prepared via condensation esterification of polyol and fatty acids. The oils can be combined with R-1234yf refrigerant for applications in air conditioning and cooling systems of electric vehicles. The structure of synthetic polyol esters is confirmed via ¹H-NMR and FT-IR spectrum analysis, and the composition of the polyol ester is analyzed via gas chromatogram analysis. Furthermore, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, total acid value, pour point, and color are analyzed as fundamental physical properties of the synthetic polyol esters. The compatibility and chemical stability of the synthetic polyol ester combined with the R-1234yf refrigerant are obtained via high temperature and high pressure oil-resistant refrigerant tests. The changes in the oil color and catalyst activity are observed before and after the experiment to determine whether it is suitable as a refrigerator oil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the identification and the toxicological effects of some impurities present in the technical grade phosalone (94.4%). In instrumental analyses of the technical phosalone, the five impurities such as phosalone oxon, 6-chloro-3-methylthio-2-oxobenzoxazole, 6-chloro-2-oxobenzoxazole, O,O,S-triethyl phosphorodithioate (OOSTEPDT) and dichlorophosalone were identified. The bimolecular inhibition rate constants ($k_i$) indicated that the technical phosalone inhibited both AChE and BuChE about ten times faster than the purified phosalone did. From in vivo studies the technical phosalone showed greater inhibition for mouse brain AChE, rat blood ChE's and mouse cytosolic non-specific esterases. It was presumed that some impurities present in the technical phosalone such as phosalone oxon cause such inhibition patterns of the technical phosalone observed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2012

The computer program (EPR-NMR program version 6.2) employed here sets up the spin Hamiltonian matrices and determines their eigenvalues using exact diagonalization. We study the electron spin resonance for $Mn^{2+}$ in ferroelectric $LiNbO_3$ single crystals. The self-energy is obtained using the projection operator method developed by Argyres and Sigel. The self-energy is calculated to be axially symmetric about the by the spin Hamiltonian. The line-widths decreased as the temperature increased; we assume that the hyperfine structure transition is a more dominant scattering than the other transitions. We conclude that the calculation process presented in this study is useful for quantum optical transitions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1346-1353
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• 2014

In the present study, an anthraquinone derivative, questinol was successfully isolated from the broth extract of the marine-derived fungus Eurotium amstelodami for the first time. The structure of questinol was determined based on the analysis of the MS and NMR spectral data as well as comparison of those data with the published data. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of questinol in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was investigated. The results showed that questinol did not exhibit cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells up to $200{\mu}M$. Questinol could significantly inhibit NO and $PGE_2$ production at indicated concentrations. Questinol was also found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, and IL-6. Furthermore, the western blot analysis showed that questinol suppressed the expression level of iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. However, questinol could slightly inhibit the expression of COX-2 at the concentration of $200{\mu}M$. Therefore, our study suggests that questinol might be selected as a promising agent for the prevention and therapy of inflammatory disease.