• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Immune activities of Opuntia ficus indica L. Miller were investigated through aqueous extracts associated with ultrasonification process at $60^{\circ}C$, and showed the highest promotion of human B and T cell growth, up to 52% and 41%, respectively, compared to the control. The secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-60 was also enhanced by the addition $(0.5mg/m{\ell})$ of the extracts, up to 48%. NK cell activation was significantly improved up to 1.3 times higher than the case of adding other extracts. It was also found that extracts from O. ficus indica could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than Lipopolysaccaharides (LPS). It can be concluded that, in general, the extracts treated with ultrasonification has higher Immune acitivities than others, possibly by higher yielding immune-modulatory than conventional extraction process. The optimum condition for the extraction of O. ficus-indicais water extraction associated with ultrasonification.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1978

수도추비용시제복합비료(水稻追肥用試製複合肥料) (조선비료공업주식회사(朝鮮肥料工業株式會社) 제품(製品)) 17-0-17과 17-0-14의 비효를 밝히기 위(爲)하여 수도(水稻)아끼바레를 표식작물(標識作物)로 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 정조(正租)의 수량(收量)과 질소(窒素) 및 가리(加里)의 흡수량(吸收量)으로 보아 시제복합비료(試製複合肥料)의 비효는 단비요소(單肥尿素) 염화가리(鹽和加里)에 뒤떨어지지 않는다. 2. 복합비료(複合肥料) 17-0-17 입제(粒製)는 비효가 완만하여 수비용(穗肥用)보다는 유효분벽기비용으로 가(可)할 것 같다. 3. N K 복비(複肥)의 추비(追肥)는 수량(收量)과 양분(養分)의 흡수량(吸收量)을 증가(增加)하고 시험후(試驗後) 토양(土壤)의 치환성가중함량(置煥性加里含量)을 증가(增加)한다는 점(點)으로 보아 시제복비(試製複肥)와 같은 비료(肥料)의 개발(開發)에 관(關)하여 적극적(積極的)인 고려(考慮)가 필요(必要)한 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1982

A model of induction of neoplasia by viruses has develpoed from experimental studies in animals and in cultured cells and oncogenic transformation of cells is the result of integration of viral genetic information into the cellular DNA. The evidence for these associations was derived primarily from seroepidemiologic investigation. However, data indicating that the relation between HSV-2 and cervical cancer fits the model derived from experimental animal studies are not yet sufficient to draw conclusion with regard to the etiologic role the virus in the development of the neoplasms. In other hand, the K562 tumor cell is highly susceptible target for natural killer cell lysis by the lymphocytes of human and murine periperal blood. The characteristics of this effector cell type has been investigated. A study on natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity(NKMC) against $^{51}Cr$-K562 as target cell was studed in HSV-2 infected ICR mouse. We have studied for susceptibility of HSV-2 against mouse embryo fibroblast(MEF) cells and NKMC from HSV-2 infected mouse. The results obtained that the mouse embryo fibroblast cells culture, the number and size of the cells were markedly increased and formed a monolayers relatively rapid, and become complete monolayer sheet around 72 hrs. Duration of cytopathic effect on MEF cells was rapid by serial passing of HSV-2. The morphology of the HSV-2 infected cells appear to be mainly round, ovium, spindle form and some of them was forming large giant cells. The NKMC was decrease in mouse with HSV-2 and comparison between effector/target cells ratio as 25:1 and 50:1 respectively, the NKMC was found to be more significantly decreased than normal control we have concluded that the natural killer cell activity of the viral infected mouse was shown as a suppressed during the HSV-2 infection, day 7th and 14th.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2006

The immunomodulatory effect of a new herbal preparation, HemoHIM, on the recovery from leukopenia induced by cyclophosphamide treatment was investigated. The HemoHIM was made up with an addition of the ethanol-insoluble fraction to the total water extract of Angelica Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma and Paeonia Radix. Daily oral administration of 100 mg/kg BW or 500 mg/kg BW HemoHIM accelerated the recovery from cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia. HemoHIM increased the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood when compared with the cyclophosphamide-treated control. Moreover, the suppressed natural killer (NK) cell activity and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ secretion in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice were restored by the administration of HemoHIM. HemoHIM significantly reduced the abnormally heightened ratio of interleukin $(IL)-4/IFN-{\gamma}$ and immunoglobulin (Ig)E/IgG2a in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice. These results suggest that HemoHIM accelerates the recovery from leukopenia and alleviates the imbalanced T helper (Th)l/Th2 responses in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Additionally, HemoHIM was found to stimulate normal splenocytes to secrete not only Thl type cytokines such as $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-2, but also Th2 type cytokine IL-4. In conclusion, our results show that HemoHIM certainly has an influence on the balanced recovery of immune cells and the activation of their activities in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2002

To search for novel cancer preventive agents, we assessed the quinone reductase (QR)-inducing activities of medicinal herb extracts in cultured murine hepatoma cells (hepalclc7 cells). Among 216 herb extracts tested in this study, 8 kinds of herbal extracts were found to induce QR activity in hepalclc7 cells by more than 2-fold when used at the concentration of 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. The methanol extracts of Aster koraiensis NK and Pulsatilla koreana Nakai induced QR by 252 and 223 % , respectively, at the concentration of 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. Most of the herbal extracts with QR inducing-activity increased the enzyme activity in a typical dose-dependent manner. The QR activity in BP$^{r}$ cl cells was induced move than 50 % by the extracts of Pulsatilla koreana Nakai, Inula helenium, Physalis alkekengi var, francheti (Masters) Makino, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamuva, Auemisia keiskeana Miquel, Chfsanthemum boreale Makino. In conclusion, hlsatilla koreana Nakai, Aster koraiensis N.K, and Chfsanthemum zawadskii var. iatilobum Kitamura, which showed relatively high QR induction, merit further animal study to evaluate their potential as cancer preventive agents.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2003

To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of herbal-acupuncture with Aucklandiae Radix diffusae herba infusion solution(AKL-HAS), we injected AKL-HAS into Zusanli(St36) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. The results were obtained as follows : 1. In the experiment groups treated with Aucklandiae Radix(AKL) Herbal-Acupuncture, the spleen cell proliferation in Balb/c mouse was significantly increased compared with that of the control group. 2. In the experiment groups treated with Aucklandiae Radix(AKL) Herbal-Acupuncture, the percentage of $CD25^{+}/CD4^{+},\;CD8^{+}/CD3e^{+},\;CD69^{+}/B220^{+},\;NK1.1^{+}/CD3e^{+}$ cells in C57BL/6 mouse PBMCs was increased compared with that of the control group. 3. In the experiment groups treated with Aucklandiae Radix(AKL) Herbal-Acupuncture, the pulmonary colony number of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma was decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. In the experiment groups treated with Aucklandiae Radix(AKL) Herbal-Acupuncture, MST(Median Survial Time) and ILS(Increase of Life Span) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma were increased significantly compared with those of the control group.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 1999

동 서양을 막론하고 21C 의료계 화두로 일컬어지고 있는 면역에 대해 조사하기 위해 동물실험논문들을 중심으로 하여 고찰하고 이를 결과로 앞으로의 연구 방향에 대해 제시해 보려 하였다. 사용된 실험동물로는 백서, 마우스, 가토가 단독 또는 복합적으로 이용되었으며 면역기능 저하의 유도를 위해서는 화학적 면역억제제를 쓰기도 하고 특정질환을 유발시켜 그와 면역과의 상관관계를 밝히기도 한 것으로 조사되었다. 한의학에서는 "부정거사"를 면역에 대한 치료원칙의 근간으로 삼고 있는 만큼 실험에 사용된 약물이나 경혈들은 대체적으로 정기를 보하고 경락의 순행을 원활히 하며 거어(祛瘀), 해독(解毒)하는 성질을 가지고 있음이 조사되었으며 또 한약 단독투여보다는 양약과의 병행투여가 치료효과를 더 높일 수 있음도 조사되었다. 조사결과 이에 대한 구체적인 기준농도의 제시, 약물 및 경혈 선택의 객관적 기준 마련, 특정질환에 대한 면역반응기전의 도출, 약침의 면역실험방법론 등에 대한 깊이 있고 다각적인 연구는 인류가 면역에 대한 질환을 정복하는데 있어서 매우 의미있는 연구과제라 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.304-316
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• 2021

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infections. However, conventional vaccines based on hemagglutinin (HA) have to be annually updated because the HA of influenza viruses constantly mutates. In this study, we produced a 3M2e-3HA2-NP chimeric protein as a vaccine antigen candidate using an Escherichia coli expression system. The vaccination of chimeric protein (15 ㎍) conferred complete protection against A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1; PR8) in mice. It strongly induced influenza virus-specific antibody responses, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. To spare the dose and enhance the cross-reactivity of the chimeric, we used a complex of poly-γ-glutamic acid and alum (PGA/alum) as an adjuvant. PGA/alum-adjuvanted, low-dose chimeric protein (1 or 5 ㎍) exhibited higher cross-protective effects against influenza A viruses (PR8, CA04, and H3N2) compared with those of chimeric alone or alum-adjuvanted proteins in vaccinated mice. Moreover, the depletion of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells reduced the survival rate and efficacy of the PGA/alum-adjuvanted chimeric protein. Collectively, the vaccination of PGA/alum-adjuvanted chimeric protein induced strong protection efficacy against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses in mice, which suggests that it may be a promising universal influenza vaccine candidate.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.14.1-14.26
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• 2024

The inflammatory response during cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) involves immune and non-immune cell cooperation to contain and eliminate Leishmania parasites. The orchestration of these responses is coordinated primarily by CD4⁺ T cells; however, the disease outcome depends on the Th cell predominant phenotype. Although Th1 and Th2 phenotypes are the most addressed as steers for the resolution or perpetuation of the disease, Th17 cell activities, especially IL-17 release, are recognized to be vital during CL development. Th17 cells perform vital functions during both acute and chronic phases of CL. Overall, Th17 cells induce the migration of phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages) to the infection site and CD8⁺ T cells and NK cell activation. They also provoke granzyme and perforin secretion from CD8⁺ T cells, macrophage differentiation towards an M2 phenotype, and expansion of B and Treg cells. Likewise, immune cells from the inflammatory infiltrate have modulatory activities over Th17 cells involving their differentiation from naive CD4⁺ T cells and further expansion by generating a microenvironment rich in optimal cytokines such as IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-21. Th17 cell activities and synergies are crucial for the resistance of the infection during the early and acute stages; however, if unchecked, Th17 cells might lead to a chronic stage. This review discusses the synergies between Th17 cells and the inflammatory infiltrate and how these interactions might destine the course of CL.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

마황 (Ephedrae Herba)과 복분자 (Rubus Fructus)의 추출 수율은 $60^{\circ}C$ 초음파 병행 추출물이 $100^{\circ}C$ 물 추출물에 비해 1.6배 이상 높게 추출되었으며, 이는 추출 시 초음파 처리에 의해 액체간의 상호 탈기 작용에 의한 것으로 보이는 작용으로 인하여 기존의 고온 물 추출보다 호율적인 추출이 이루어진 것을 확인할 수 있었다 인간 면역 세포는 마황, 복분자 $60^{\circ}C$ 초음파 병행 추출물이 $1.0g/{\ell}$ 농도에서 각 1.64, 1.68배 이상의 생육을 증진시키는 것이 관찰되었고, 단순 $100^{\circ}C$ 물 추출물 보다 평균 30% 이상의 생육 증진을 확인하였다. 면역 세포의 생육도는 복분자의 $60^{\circ}C$ 초음파 추출물들이 각각 T, B 세포에서 $13{\times}10^4\;cells/m{\ell}$와 $10{\times}10^4\;cells/m{\ell}$을 나타내어 단순 $100^{\circ}C$ 물 추출물의 경우와 비교하여 4일째에 높은 면역 세포의 활성도를 나타내었다. cytokine의 분비 실험에서는 T세포의 IL-6는 복분자 $60^{\circ}C$ 초음파 병행 추출물이 $13.9{\times}10^{-4}$ (pg/cell)로 가장 높은 분비 효과를 나타내었고 물 추출물에 비해 70%의 증진 효과를 확인하였다. $100^{\circ}C$ 열수추출물들보다는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 초음파를 병행한 추출물이 인간 면역세포인 T 세포의 IL-2를 비롯한 유용활성 물질의 분비를 촉진시켜, 물 추출물보다 20% 이상의 활성 증가를 보였다. Macrophage의 $NO^-$ 활성 실험에서 복분자는 물추출물은 $15{\mu}M$와 초음파 추출물은 $22{\mu}M$을 나타내었고, 복분자와 LPS의 혼합처리 시 $23{\mu}M$와 $31{\mu}M$을 나타내어 복분자가 가장 높은 활성을 그리고 초음파 병행 추출에 의한 시료가 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과에 따라 초음파 병행 추출을 통한 생리활성 효과를 확인하였고, 이외의 새로운 공정의 개발을 위한 추출방법을 확립하여 이를 이용한 다양한 기능성 소재 및 기능성 식품의 제조를 위한 연구가 지속되어야 할 것으로 보인다.