• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1434-1442
• /
• 2011

A genetic variation within 29 strains of F. velutipes was analyzed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Seven hundred and twenty base pairs were sequenced during the analysis of the ITS region, but no significant variation was observed among the 29 strains of F. velutipes. Sixteen out of 40 random primers amplified polymorphic RAPD fragment patterns. The polymorphic levels of RAPD bands by some primers (OPA-2,4,3,9,10,20) were very high in all 29 strains, with 3,030 fragments ranging between 200 and 2,000 bp. Intraspecific genetic dissimilarity of the 29 strains was calculated to range from 3.3% to 45% by Nei-Li's method using these 3,030 RAPD bands. The genetic variation among Korean strains was relatively high, with dissimilarities ranging between 17% and 38.6%. In the Neighbor-Joining analysis using the genetic dissimilarities based on RAPD, all 29 strains were classified into 5 clusters. Strains in each cluster showed specific characteristics according to their origin and strains. These results suggested that OPA and OPB primers could be used for developing molecular genetic markers and screening of unidentified (F. velutipes) strains.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.375-384
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The advent of microsurgical technique and instruments, particularly in the field of perforator flap and supermicrosurgery, which have expanded the scope of microsurgery. However, supermicroanastomosis without any compression, tension, or distortions must be achieved to reach successful outcomes. Small-caliber vessels, such as those with an internal diameter less than 0.2 mm, are susceptible to inadvertent twisting of the anastomosis. In this study, using the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA)-based flap model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, we evaluated the acceptable limits of twisting effects on supermicroanastomotic sites. Methods: A total of 20 supermicroanastomoses were performed using the SIEA-based flap model in 10 male SD rats, 10-weeks-of-age, weighing 300~350 g. Rats were divided into five groups of two with four flaps as follows: 1) sham, 2) control group with end to end SIEA arterial supermicroanastomosis, 3) experimental I (EA1) with $90^{\circ}$ twisting, 4) experimental II (EA2) with $180^{\circ}$ twisting, and 5) experimental III (EA3) with $270^{\circ}$ twisting of the supermicroanastomosis. Each SIEA was anastomosed using six 11-0 $Ethilon^{(R)}$ (Ethicon Inc. Co., NJ, USA) stitches except in the sham group where the SIEA was only clamped with Supermicro vascular $clamps^{(R)}$ (S&T, Neuhausen, Switzerland) for 20 minutes. Results: The anastomosed arterial patency showed no remarkable changes according to doppler waveforms measured with a Smardop 45 Doppler System (Hadeco Inc., Kawasaki, Japan). The pulsatility index (PI) was increased at postoperative day 10 in the EA2 and EA3 groups, and the resistance index (RI) showed no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative values at 10 days. Histologic specimens from the EA3 group showed increased tunica media necrosis, convolution of the internal elastic lamina, densely packed platelets, fibrin, and erythrocytes. Flap viability and anastomosed vessel patency were not significantly affected by the degree of arterial twisting in this study, other than in the EA3 group where minor effects on arterial patency of the microanastomoses were encountered. Conclusion: It appears that minor twisting on small caliber arteries, used in supermicroanastomoses, can be tolerated. However, twisting should be avoided as much as possible, and more than $180^{\circ}$ twisting must be prevented in clinical practice.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to objectively and subjectively compare the accuracy and reliability of 2-dimensional(2D) photography and 3-dimensional(3D) soft tissue imaging. Materials and Methods: Facial images of 50 volunteers(25 males, 25 females) were captured with a Nikon D800 2D camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), 3D stereophotogrammetry (SPG), and laser scanning (LS). All subjects were imaged in a relaxed, closed-mouth position with a normal smile. The 2D images were then exported to Mirror^® Software (Canfield Scientific, Inc, NJ, USA) and the 3D images into Proplan CMF^® software (version 2.1, Materialise HQ, Leuven, Belgium) for further evaluation. For an objective evaluation, 2 observers identified soft tissue landmarks and performed linear measurements on subjects' faces (direct measurements) and both linear and angular measurements on all images(indirect measurements). For a qualitative analysis, 10 dental observers and an expert in facial imaging (subjective gold standard) completed a questionnaire regarding facial characteristics. The reliability of the quantitative data was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients, whereas the Fleiss kappa was calculated for qualitative data. Results: Linear and angular measurements carried out on 2D and 3D images showed excellent inter-observer and intra-observer reliability. The 2D photographs displayed the highest combined total error for linear measurements. SPG performed better than LS, with borderline significance (P=0.052). The qualitative assessment showed no significant differences among the 2D and 3D imaging modalities. Conclusion: SPG was found to a reliable and accurate tool for the morphological evaluation of soft tissue in comparison to 2D imaging and laser scanning.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.287-295
• /
• 2002

Statement of Problem. Endodontically treated teeth frequently required posts and cores to provide retention and resistance form for crowns. In spite of excellent mechanical properties of metal post and core, its metallic color can be detected through all ceramic restorations occasionally. To solve esthetic problems of metal post and core zirconia post system has been introduced recently. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the fracture strength and mode of resin root analogs restored with zirconia, gold and titanium posts with resin, ceramic and metal cores after cementation with metal crowns. Materials and methods. To avoid the morphological variations of natural teeth, 40 root analogs were fabricated with composite resin. Forty resin root analogs were randomly assigned to four groups according to post and core materials: Group A: cast gold post and core and complete cast crowns, as control. Group B: titanium posts (Parapost, Coltent/Whaledent Inc., NJ, USA) and composite resin cores. Group C: zirconia posts (Cosmopost, Ivoclar AG, Schaan/Liechtenstein) and composite resin cores Group D: zirconia posts and heat-pressed ceramic cores (IPS Empress Cosmo Ingots, Ivoclar AG) After thermocycling ($5^{\circ}C{\sim}55^{\circ}C$, 30 sec.), cyclic loading was applied at 3mm below the incisal edge on the palatal surfaces at an angle of 135 degree to the long axis (2Hz, 50N, 50000cycles). Fracture strength was measured by universal testing machine (Instron, High Wycombe, UK) and fracture pattern of restored resin root analogs was also evaluated. Results and conclusion. Within the limitations of this study following results were drawn. 1. Resin root analogs restored with zirconia posts and composite resins demonstrated lowest fracture strength among tested groups. 2. There was no significant difference in the fracture strength between zirconia posts and heat pressed glass ceramic cores and cast gold posts and cores 3. The fracture strength of resin root analogs restored with titanium posts and composite resin cores was lower than that of gold posts and cores. 4. The deep oblique fracture lines were dominantly observed in root analogs restored with cast gold post and core and zirconia post and heat-pressed ceramic core groups.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.970-975
• /
• 2015

The goals of this study were to identify sequence variations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtDNA cyt b) gene in White Hanwoo (Wh) and the genetic relationship between the Wh and other breeds. When whole sequences of the mtDNA cyt b gene in 14 Wh cattle were determined, a silent mutation and two haplotypes were detected in the Wh cattle. The major haplotype, H1, was found in 13 of 14 individuals in the Wh cattle. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.143 and 0.00013, respectively. Compared to previous reports, these levels of genetic diversity are lower than other Korean and Chinese breeds. To identify the genetic relationship among Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and European cattle breeds, the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was constructed based on Dxy genetic distances. Two distinct groups were identified and classified as A and B. Wh was found in the A group, which consisted of Bos taurus breeds. From calculating the Dxy genetic distances, Wh was found to be genetically more closely related to two breeds, Heugu (0.00018) and Yanbian (0.00021), than to other breeds. In conclusion, Wh is genetically related to Chikso, Heugu, and Yanbian breeds based on maternal inheritance. The results of this study will be useful for efficient management and sustainable utilization of Wh.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.1393-1403
• /
• 2003

The genetic effects of restraint stress challenge on HPA axis and the therapeutic effect of Boshimgeonbi-Tang on the stress were studied with cDNA microarray analyses on hypothalamus using an immobilization-stress mouse as stress model. Male CD-1 mice were restrained in a tightly fitted and ventilated vinyl holder for 2hours once a day, and this challenge was repeated for seven consecutive days. The body weights of the immobilization-stress mice were diminished about 25 percent degree as compared to normal ones. Seven days later, total RNA was extracted from the organs of the mouse, body-labeled with CyDye/sup TM/ fluorescence dyes (Amersham Bioscience Co., NJ), and then hybridized to cDNA microarray chip. Scanning and analyzing the array slides were carried out using GenePix 4000 series scanner and GenePix Pro/sup TM/ analyzing program, respectively. The expression profiles of 109 genes out of 6000 genes on the chip were significantly modulated in hypothalamus by the immobilization stress. Energy metabolism-, lipid metabolism-, apoptosis- and signal transduction-related genes were transcriptionally activated whereas DNA repair-, protein biosynthesis-, and structure integrity-related genes were down-regulated in hypothalamus. The 58 genes were up-regulated by the mRNA expression folds of 1.5 to 7.9. and the 51 genes were down-regulated by 1.5 - 3.5 fold. The 20 genes among them were selected to confirm the expression profiles by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression levels of Tnfrsf1a (apoptosis), Calm2 (cell cycle), Bag3 (apoptosis), Hspe1 (protein folding), Aatk (apoptosis), Dffa (apoptosis), Itgb1 (cell adhesion), Vcam1 (cell adhesion), Fkbp5 (protein folding), BDNF (neuron survival) were restored to the normal one by the treatment of Boshimgeonbi-Tang.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.152-157
• /
• 2004

In this study the ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S ribosomal DNA sequences from 29 strains of the Genus Inonotus and its related genera were compared with 31 strains obtained from GenBank database. Using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method and most parsimonious analysis the phylogenetic tree was constructed. The hymenochaetales formed no monophyletic group and several non-hymenochaetales appeared as intermingled with the Hymenochaetales. Strains 6, 46, 49, 50, 53, 55 showed no certain affinities within the Hymenochaetales, whereas Inonotus sp. (51) was closely related to Phellinus baumii, and Inonotus sp. (52), and Inonotus glomeratus (10) was related to Phellinus linteus, and Fomes fomentarius (30) was related to Ganoderma lucidum. Inonotus sp. and Phellinus sp. formed no monophyletic groups and a subdivision in the following genera is accepted: Inonotus sp. Phellinus baumii, Phellinus linteus, Phellinus igniarius, Phellinus pini, Hericium erinaceum, Ganoderma lucidum and Sparassis sp. were confirmed and separated genera. The taxonomic status of Inonotus remained uncertain. Eight new combinations are proposed.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.62-73
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the genetic relationship of Flammulina velutipes with other species. The ribosomal DNA cluster containing 4 rRNA genes from F. velutipes 4154 were sequenced. The length of the rDNA cluster sequence was estimated at 7,403 bp long and consisted of 1,806 bp of SSU rDNA, 245 bp of ITS 1 region, 159 bp of 5.8S rDNA, 308 bp of ITS 2 region, 3,402 bp of LSU rDNA, 1,400 bp of IGS 1 region, and 83 bp of 5S rDNA. The F. velutipes 4154 genes were contained in the rDNA cluster of F. velutipes in the order of SSU rDNA - ITS 1 - 5.8S rDNA - ITS 2 - LSU rDNA - IGS 1 - 5S rDNA. The phylogenetic relationships of 20 strains of Tricholomataceae and Physalacriaceae were analyzed by conducting distance analysis using the Neighbor-joining (NJ) method. The 20 strains used in this study were divided into three groups and the strains of the genus Flammulina were related very closely to strains of Physalacria bambusae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.383-396
• /
• 2002

RAPD analyses were compared for 17 taxa of Korean Iris including the subgenus Sisyrinchium and Belamcanda. Eighty scorable RAPD markers were formed from the PCR reactions using 10 random oligoprimers. In this systematic analyses which used neighbor-joining methods including bootstrapping analyses with genetic coefficients, the Korean Iris were divided into three subgenera (Limniris, Crossiris, Pardanthopsis), or two genera (Limniris, Pardanthopsis). The molecular data agree with the previous classification system that recognized two sections and six series for the subgenus Limniris because the subgenus is comprised of four clades in the RAPD analyses. According to the molecula data, the series Chinensis should be divided into two groups. The minutoaurea group is composed of I. koreana, I. odaesanensis, and I. minitoaurea, while the rossi group is comprised of two varieties of I. rossi. The series Tripetalae is closely allied with the series Sibiricae, whereas the series Ensatae is recognized as a sister group to the series Ruthencae. The molecular phylogeny, which was based on RAPD analysis, for the most part agreed with the data proposed by previous authors. This is because the basis of morphological and ITS sequence data suggests that the RAPD markers should be very useful in addressing phylogenetic questions about the genus Iris.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.281-289
• /
• 2000

Background : Mycobacterial culture is a confirmatory test to detect. M. tuberculosis, but it takes at least 6 weeks to diagnose. PCR is a rapid and sensitive method, but it is known that PCR has a high false positive rate due to contamination, and a high false negative rate due to inhibitors. It is also known that LCR and PCR-Hybridization, recently developed methods, are more specific methods than PCR in terms of detecting M. tuberculosis. In this study, we estimated the clinical utility of in house PCR, LCR and PCR-Hybridization for the detection of M. tuberculosis. Methods : We evaluated 75 specimens, upon which M. tuberculosis culture based testing was requested, by PCR LCR, and PCR-Hybridization and compared results. Mycobacterial culture was performed on 3% Ogawa media for 8 weeks, and an in house PCR, LCx Mycobacterium tuberculosis assay kit (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, III) and the AMPLICOR M. tuberculosis test kit (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Branchburg, NJ. USA). Results : In the view of the culture results, the sensitivities of the three tests were 40%, 80%, and 100% and their specificities were 98.6%, 94.3%, and 94.3%. Conclusion : LCR and PCR-Hybridization are rapid and sensitive methods for detecting M. tuberculosis in clinical laboratories.