• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.1127-1132
• /
• 2010

Borosilicate glass was prepared in the composition of 81% $SiO_2$, 4% $Na_2O$, 2% $Al_2O_3$, 13% $B_2O_3$. The albite phase($NaAlSi_3O_8$) increased with the $ZrO_2$(0~10wt.%) addition. For measurement of glass transition temperature($T_g$), crystallization temperature($T_{c,max}$) measured by differential thermal analysis. The $T_g$ and $T_{c,max}$ were $510{\sim}530^{\circ}C$ $650{\sim}670^{\circ}C$, respectively. The crystallized glass was heated at various conditions(temperature, time). After nucleation at $550^{\circ}C$ for 2hours prior to crystal growth at $650^{\circ}C$ for 4hours, the resulting Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and bending strength were about $736H_v$, $1.0779MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$, and 493MPa, which were 17%, 45% and 149% higher than parent borosilicate glass, respectively. Crystal size and transmittance of crystallized borosilicate glass were analyzed by FE-SEM, EDX and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. Transmittance of crystallized borosilicate glass was decreased with increasing $ZrO_2$(wt%) at visible-range. The results prove that light-weight bulletproof can be fabricated by the crystallization of borosilicate glass.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2014

Objective of this study was to investigate effects of pre-processing method and number of sampling leaves on stability of the reflectance measurement for Chinese cabbage and kale leaves. Chinese cabbage and kale were transplanted and cultivated in a plant factory. Leaf samples of the kale and cabbage were collected at 4 weeks after transplanting of the seedlings. Spectra data were collected with an UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer in the wavelength region from 190 to 1130 nm. All leaves (mature and young leaves) were measured on 9 and 12 points in the blade part in the upper area for kale and cabbage leaves, respectively. To reduce the spectral noise, the raw spectral data were preprocessed by different methods: i) moving average, ii) Savitzky-Golay filter, iii) local regression using weighted linear least squares and a $1^{st}$ degree polynomial model (lowess), iv) local regression using weighted linear least squares and a $2^{nd}$ degree polynomial model (loess), v) a robust version of 'lowess', vi) a robust version of 'loess', with 7, 11, 15 smoothing points. Effects of number of sampling leaves were investigated by reflectance difference (RD) and cross-correlation (CC) methods. Results indicated that the contribution of the spectral data collected at 4 sampling leaves were good for both of the crops for reflectance measurement that does not change stability of measurement much. Furthermore, moving average method with 11 smoothing points was believed to provide reliable pre-processed data for further analysis.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료 반도체 세라믹
• /
• pp.154-157
• /
• 2003

$TiO_2$ thin films were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering system at by controlling deposition times, ratios of $Ar:O_2$ partial presser ratio and substrate conditions. And the surface, cross-section morphology, microstructure, and composition ratio of the films were analyzed by FE-SEM, TEM and XPS. Besides, the optical absorption and transmittance of the $TiO_2$ films were measured by a UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer, and photocatalytic properties were studied by G${\cdot}$C Analyzer & Data Analysis system. As the result, when $TiO_2$ thin film was made at deposition time of 120[min] and $Ar:O_2$ ratio of 60:40, the best structural and optical properties among many thin films could be accepted. The best results of properties were as follows: thickness; 360~370[nm), grain size; 40[nm], gap between two peak binding energy; $5.8{\pm}0.05[eV]$ ($2_{p3/2}$ peak and $2_{p1/2}$ peak of Ti was show at $458.3{\pm}0.05[eV]$ and $464.1{\pm}0.05[eV]$ respectively), binding energy; $530{\pm}0.05[eV]$, optical energy band gap; 3.4[eV].

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.1025-1033
• /
• 2016

It is important to compare and analyze digital camouflage from different countries to promote the continuous development of a camouflage combat uniform. This effort should lead to developing a camouflage pattern suitable for the domestic environment and expand its performance of night camouflage. This study investigates digital camouflage by comparing camouflage fabrics sampled from Korea and eight other countries (USA, UK, Singapore, Croatia, Colombia, and Mongolia) in terms of textile, near-infrared reflectivity of colors, and color distribution. First, the fabric construction of camouflage from Korea, UK, US, Singapore, Span, and Croatia were all characterized by derivative plain weaves, while derivative twill weaves were generally used in Croatia and Mongolia. It is assumed that derivative plain weaves are adopted to improve the tearing strength of fine yarns. However, twill weaves enhance the flexibility of coarse yarn fabrics. Next, reflectivity change was analyzed based on camouflage color. The reflectivity of a combat uniform in Korea, Colombia, Croatia, and UK increased before 780nm in the visible light range, but remained consistent from 800nm which falls under the near-infrared range. In contrast, camouflage samples in Mongolia, Span, Singapore and USA showed a gradual increase of reflectivity in the near-infrared range. Finally, the color distribution analysis of digital camouflage found that camouflage of countries with desert or woodland combat settings dominantly contained brown colors. It indicates the color pattern consideration of different geographic regions is important to determine camouflage performance. This research involves basic study that will have implications for developing patterns and colors suitable for the South Korean environment and expand its use as night camouflage that helps achieve continuous improved camouflage performance.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제27권12호
• /
• pp.820-824
• /
• 2014

TiNOx multi-layer thin films on aluminum substrates were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering method. 4 multi-layers of $TiO_2$/TiNOx(LMVF)/TiNOx(HMVF)/Ti/substrate have been prepared with ratio of Ar and ($N_2+O_2$) gas mixture. $TiO_2$ of top layer is anti-reflection layer on double TiNOx(LMVF)/TiNOx(HMVF) layers and Ti metal of infrared reflection layer. In this study, the crystallinity and surface properties of TiNOx thin films were estimated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), respectively. The grain size of TiNOx thin films shows to increase with increasing sputtering power. The composition of thin films has been investigated using electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). The optical properties with wavelength spectrum were recorded by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry at a range of 200~1,500 nm. The TiNOx multi-layer films show the excellent optical performance beyond 9% of reflectance in those ranges wavelength.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제36권6_2호
• /
• pp.1509-1521
• /
• 2020

다목적실용위성(KOMPSAT-3A: Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite 3A)으로부터 산출된 지표 반사도 성과의 검정 작업을 위하여 분광 반사도 측정값을 제공하고 있는 포털인 Radiometric Calibration Network(RadCalNet)에서 제공하는 4 개의 사이트 자료 중에서 중국 바오터우(Baotou: BTCN) 데이터를 이용한 실험을 수행하였다. 실험을 위한 반사도 성과는 대기 반사도와 지표 반사도를 일괄적으로 처리할 수 있도록 재설계하고 구현한 오픈소스 Orfeo ToolBox(OTB)의 확장 프로그램(Extension)을 이용하여 생성하였다. 절대 대기 보정에 적용되는 두 가지의 센서 모델 변수를 고려하여 2016년, 2017년, 2018년 자료 1개씩 총 3개의 영상 자료를 실험에 적용하였다. 한편 각각 USGS LaSRC 알고리즘과 SNAP Sen2Cor 프로그램을 이용하여 Landsat-8과 Sentinel-2B 영상정보로부터 산출한 반사도 성과와의 비교 검증 작업을 수행하여 센서 별 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 대기 반사도와 지표 반사도를 대상으로 절대 대기 보정을 위한 필수 입력 값인 Gain과 Offset에 대한 센서 모델 변수 값을 적용한 결과로, 2019년에 발표된 변수 값을 사용한 성과에 비하여 2017년 변수 값을 사용한 성과가 RadCalNet BTCN 자료에 비교적 잘 부합되는 것으로 나타났다. RadCalNet BTCN 자료를 기준으로 KOMPSAT-3A 영상정보의 지표 반사도 성과와의 차이는 밴드 별로 B 밴드(-0.031 ~ 0.034), G 밴드(-0.001 ~ 0.055), R 밴드(-0.072 ~ 0.037), NIR 밴드(-0.060 ~ 0.022)로 일치도가 높은 것으로 나타났고, Landsat-8 영상과 Sentinel-2B 영상의 지표 반사도의 경우도 KOMPSAT-3A 영상의 지표 반사도 성과의 정확도와 유사한 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구 결과는 고해상도 위성에서 지표 반사도 값에 대한 분석 대기 데이터(Analysis Ready Data: ARD) 적용 가능성을 확인한 것에 의미가 있다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1256-1256
• /
• 2001

The physico-chemical and texture characteristics of meat determine the nutritional, technological and sensory quality. However, the analysis of meat quality requires expensive, laborious and time consuming analytical methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate NIR spectroscopy using transmittance for determining the moisture, fat, protein and total pigment content, the water holding capacity (WHC) and the toughness of beef meat. A total of 318 spectra were recorded from ground beef samples by a Feed Analyzer 1265 of Infratec. The samples were obtained from the Longissimus muscle of the 10$^{th}$ rib of yearling bulls, ground with an electrical chopper, vacuum packaged, aged during 7 days and frozen at -24$^{\circ}C$ until the analyses were done. Moisture content was measured by oven drying at 10$0^{\circ}C$, fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction and protein content was estimated from nitrogen content using the Kjeldahl analysis. The total pigment content was determined by the method of Hornsey and the WHC using the method of filter paper press. The instrumental evaluation of texture (maximum load WB, maximum stress MS and toughness) was conducted in an Instron equipment with a Warner-Bratzler shearing device. This analysis was performed on a chop of 3.5 cm obtained from the longissimus of the 8$^{th}$ rib, aged during 7 days, kept frozen at -24$^{\circ}C$ and cooked before the analysis. Near infrared spectra were recorded as log 1/T (T=transmittance) at 2 nm intervals from 850 to 1050 nm using a Feed Analyzer 1265 of Infratec. Calibrations were performed with the WinISI software (vs. 1.02) using the MPLS method. To examine the effect of scatter correction o. derivation of spectra on the calibration performance, calibrations were calculated with the crude spectra or pretreated with different mathematical treatments (inverse MSC, SNVD) and/or second derivative operation. For chemical composition, the use of the scatter corrections improved the calibration statistics, in terms of lower SECV and higher $r^2$. In most of the variables, the use of the 2$^{nd}$ derivative improved the predictions, mainly when combined with the SNVD treatment. However, for predicting the texture traits, the best estimation was obtained from the crude spectrum. These results showed that the equations obtained for predicting moisture, fat and total pigments were very accurate, with $r^2$ being higher that 0.9. However, the prediction of the texture traits (WB, MS, toughness) from ground meat was poor.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.100-100
• /
• 2020

Wheat is mainly composed of carbohydrate but it contains a moderate amount of protein, which gives a very useful characteristics to flour food such as the unique elasticity and stickiness of the dough. We developed a calibration equation for analyzing crude protein content using Near Infrared Spectroscopy to quick analyze the crude protein content of wheat germplasm stored in the National Agrobiodiversity Center, RDA, Korea. The 1,798 wheat germplasms were used to draw up the calibration formula. The crude protein's interval distribution of 1,798 wheat germplasms used for the calibration was 7.04-20.84%, the average content was 13.2%, and standard deviation was 2.6%. The germplasms distribution was composed of a suitable group for the preparation of the calibration formula because the content distribution was a normal, excluding the 13.0-15.5% content section. In order to verify the applicability of the NIRS prediction model, we measured the crude protein content of the 300 wheat germplasms that were not used for the calibration using both Kjeldahl analysis and NIR spectrum. The analysis value calculated using each method were statistically processed, and the test results and statistical indicators of the predictive model were compared. As a result, The R² value of the optimized NIRS prediction model was 0.997, and the Standard error of Calibration value(SEC) was 0.132, and slope value was 1.000. With prediction model selection, compared to Kjeldahl method, R² values were 0.994(Kjeldahl), 0.998(NIRS), and the SEC value were 0.191 and 0.132, respectively, comparing the statistical indices of the forecast model. And slope value were 1.013, 1.000, respectively. The analysis of crude protein content by the NIRS predictive model developed by each statistical index showing similar figures is judged to show a high degree of correlation with the Kjeldahl analysis. The proven calibration equation will be used to measure the crude protein content of wheat germplasms held by the National Agrobiodiversity Center, and by dividing the wheat germplasms by their use according to the crude protein content, it will provide useful information to relevant researchers.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.394-399
• /
• 2005

벼 영양진단에서 중요한 성분인 생체잎의 질소함량을 NIRS를 이용하여 신속하고 정확하게 분석하기 위해 최적의 검량식 작성에 관한 일련의 시험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 벼 생체엽 질소함량 검량식의 결정계수는 익산, 정읍, 부안지역이 각각 0.879, 0.858, 0.819였다. Outlier를 제거한 후 검량식을 다시 작성한 결과 0.896, 0.878, $0.88\%$로 각각 0.017, 0.02, 0.061씩 향상되었다. Merge 기능을 이용하여 검량식을 합병한 후 검량식을 다시 작성한 결과 0.971로 정확도가 더욱 향상되었다. 벼 생체엽의 질소함량 검량식에 의한 분석값과 습식분석 평균값의 차이는 $0.001\%$를 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과로서 건조와 분쇄과정을 생략하기 때문에 시료의 변질을 막을 수 있고 시간과 비용을 줄일 수 있는 벼 생잎의 질소농도 측정이 근적외분석기술에 의해 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 청예용 사초의 질을 신속하고 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 대안을 모색하기 위하여수행하였다. 근적외선분광분석법을 이용한 사초의 분석가능성을 타진하기 위해 2002년부터 2007년에 거쳐 생산된 각종 사초 258점을 시료로 사용하였다. 즉 시료는 조단백질, 조섬유, NDF, ADF 그리고 건물소화율을 분석하였으며, 또한 NIR System으로 $400{\sim}2,400nm$ 사이의 파장을 얻었다. 그리고 파장과 습식분석치를 이용하여 중회귀식을 만들고 이것을 사용하여 미지의 시료를 분석할 수 있는가를 검증하였다. 근적외선 분석법의 중요한 지표인 결정계수 $r^2$와 표준오차이며 본 실험의 결과 검증식의 $r^2$는 CP(crude protein), CF(crude fiber), ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber) 그리고 IVTD(in vitro true digestibility)에서 각 각 0.70, 0.86, 0.94, 0.94 그리고 0.89였다. 검량식은 그 값이 0.47, 0.39, 0.89, 0.90 그리고 0.61이었다. 본 실험 결과 근적외선분광법에 의한 청예사료 질평가가 가능하며 특히 조섬유, ADF 그리고 진정인비트로 소화율 (IVTD)에서 유효할 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 보다 정확한 결과를 얻기 위해서는 시료는 한국사초의 대표성을 갖는 것을 수집하여 사용해야 할 것이다. 앞으로 더 많은 시료를 추가하면 모든 사초를 분석할 강고한 검량식이 작성될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.