• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.433-438
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• 1997

MT 51005 as a potent inhibitor of phospholipase C(PLC) was purified from the culture broth of a fungal strain No. 51005 isolated from soil. It was identified as a benzaldehyde d erivative, anguillosporal. by the physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data. Anguillosporal showed the inhibitory activity against purified PLC with an $IC_{50}\;of\;13{\mu}g/ml$. And it also inhibited the formation of inositol phosphates($IP_t$) in platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-stimulated $NIH3T3{\gamma}1$ cells with an $IC_{50}\;of\;0.8{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2021

Camellia sinensis, Green tea, contains phenolic compounds that act to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as catechin, epicatechin, etc. In contrast with the tea leaf, the bioactivity of its fruit and the fruit peels remains still unclear. This study focused on the effects of fruit and fruit peels of C. sinensis (FC and PC) against oxidative DNA damage in NIH/3T3 cells. The scavenging effects of FC and PC on ROS were assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals. The measurement of ROS in cellular levels was conducted by DCFDA reagent and the protein expression of γ-H2AX, H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, p53, and, p-p53 was analyzed by immunoblotting. The gene expressions of p53 and H2AX were assessed using polymerase chain reaction techniques. The major metabolites of FC and PC were quantitatively measured analyzed and the amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in PC were greater than those in FC. Further, PC suppressed ROS production, which protects the oxidative stress-induced DNA damage through reducing H2AX, p53, and caspase-3 phosphorylation. These results refer that the protective effects of FC and PC are mediated by inhibition of p53 signaling pathways, probably via the bioactivity of phenolic compounds. Thus, FC and PC can serve as a potential antioxidant in DNA damage-associated diseases.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to highlight recent gut-microbiota studies and to encourage gut-microbiota-related researches in Pediatric science of Korean Medicine. Methods We searched gut microbiota related studies and patents via the PubMed database of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the PatentScope database of the UN World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to see current trends of gut microbiota studies. Results All searched research and review articles in gut-microbiota studies were analyzed and presented as two charts, showing the recent trends of gut microbiota research. We summarized and discussed the significance of the selected fifty-six articles. Also, we listed reported gut-microbiota-derived small metabolites, impacting on human health and diseases. Conclusions This study emphasizes the critical roles of gut-microbiota and their-derived small metabolites in the human physiology and pathology. We know and agree that many natural compounds in Korean Medicine could be converted into small metabolites by gut microbiota in our body. Thus, it is important to encourage physicians and researchers of gut microbiota in the arena of Pediatric Korean Medicine. We believe that researchers will find a lot of unknown metabolites produced by gut microbiota from natural compounds in Korean Medicine.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.396-405
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• 2021

In surgery to remove pancreatic cancer, it is important to figure out the shape of a patient's pancreas. However, previous studies have a limit to detect a pancreas automatically in abdominal CT images, because the pancreas varies in shape, size and location by patient. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method of learning various shapes of pancreas according to the patients and adjacent slices using Faster R-CNN based on Inception V2, and automatically detecting the pancreas from abdominal CT images. Model training and testing were performed using the NIH Pancreas-CT Dataset, and intensity normalization was applied to all data to improve pancreatic detection accuracy. Additionally, according to the shape of the pancreas, the test dataset was classified into top, middle, and bottom slices to evaluate the model's performance on each data. The results show that the top data's mAP@.50IoU achieved 91.7% and the bottom data's mAP@.50IoU achieved 95.4%, and the highest performance was the middle data's mAP@.50IoU, 98.5%. Thus, we have confirmed that the model can accurately detect the pancreas in CT images.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the correlation between physical function and forward head posture in spastic diplegia. Methods: The subjects of this study were 10 spastic diplegia patients. We took pictures of the subjects' craniovertebral angle with a digital camera to determine the degree of forward head posture and then analyzed them using the NIH image J program. The physical function test used the TCMS, the BBT, and a spirometer. The data in this study were measured using SPSS version 23.0, and the statistical significance level α was 0.05. A Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to identify the correlation between the degree of the subject's head forward position and physical function. Results: When we performed the BBT and spirometer tests, the subjects' forward head postures were not correlated (p < 0.05). However, with the TCMS, there was a strong correlation between the forward position of the head and balance, with balance decreasing as the head position increased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Spastic diplegia patients with severe forward head posture showed problems with static balance, dynamic balance, and equilibrium reaction when sitting. Intervention on the right posture and preventive activities will be needed to improve the health of spastic diplegia patients and prevent future problems with physical function.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.243-244
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• 2003

The effects of Lactic acid bacteria have been investigated on anti-tumor. cholesterol reduction in blood. promotion of immune and skin-beauty. We are focused on cosmeceutical activity of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Ml, which is found in Korean traditional food. Kimchi The LAB.Ml has been identified as Lactobacillus plantarum Ml and individually cultured with Soybean soup and Soybean-Curd whey, until the total acidity has been reached the highest. After then, cell-free extracts from Ml have been used for the following studies. We assessed the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Ml on the depigmentation of B16FlO melanoma cell. The melanin content of cells was decreased with 1-3% of cultured extracts. The tyrosinase activity was reduced by cell-free extracts of Lactobacillus plantarum Ml. Anti-aging and anti-oxidative activity of Ml cultured extract was also studied in NIH-3T3 human fibroblast cells. It showed that induction of cell proliferation. collagen synthesis and free radical scavenging activity. Additional studies for anti-fungal and anti-acne activity were also detected on Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, respectively. These results suggest that cultured extract of Lactobacillun plantarum Ml would be used for cosmeceutical ingredients through multifunctional reaction on skin such as whitening, anti-wrinkle. anti-oxidation and anti-acnes.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.299-304
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• 2023

This study sought to evaluate the anticancer effects of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge root extract (CPE) on murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC1) in vitro. CPE treatment (2.5, 5, 10 ㎍/mL, 24 h) of LLC cells led to a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, while CPE treatment did not have a cytotoxic effect on non-cancer cells (NIH/3T3). CPE affects LLC by flipping the plasma membrane and making the membrane more permeable; by flow cytometry, CPE-induced annexin V and propidium iodide positivity, indicating induction of apoptosis in LLC cells. In addition, CPE enhanced the expression of apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). CPE upregulated the proapoptotic protein BCL-2-associated X while downregulating the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), suggesting that CPE induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, CPE upregulated the phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinase p38. In conclusion, the results suggest that CPE has an anticancer effect in LLC cells by inducing apoptosis via p38.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.485-487
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• 2002

Cells receive signals for survival as well as death, and the balance between the two ultimately determines the fate of the cells. UV-triggered apoptotic signaling has been well documented, whereas UV-induced survival effects have received little attention. We have reported previously that UVB irradiation prevented apoptosis, which was partly dependent on activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)/ Akt pathway. In this study, anti-apoptotic effects of UV with different wavelength ranges, UVA, UVB and UVC, were examined. NIH3T3 cells showed apoptotic cell death by detachment from the extracellular matrix under serum-free conditions, which was prevented by all wavelengths. However, the effect of UVA was less than those of UVB and UVC. Reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and activation of caspase-9 and -3 were suppressed by all three wavelengths of UV, showing wavelength-dependent effects as mentioned above. The PI3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin partially inhibittrl the UVB and UVC-induced suppression of apoptosis, but not the inhibitoty effect of UVA. The Akt phosphotylation by UVB and UVC was completely inhibittrl by addition of wortmannin, but that by UVA was not P38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 partially inhibited the UVB and UVC-induced suppression of apoptosis and Akt phosphotylation, and completely inhibited UVA-induced those. These results suggested the existence of two different survival pathways leading to suppression of apoptosis, one for UVA that is independent of the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway and dependent on p38 MAP kinase, and the other for UVB and UVC that is dependent on both pathways.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.479-481
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• 2002

UV-induced DNA damage causes cell killing and mutations leading to carcinogenesis. In normal human cells, UV damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and primidine-prymidone (6-4) photoproducts are mainly repaired by nucleotide excision repair mechanism. The molecular processes have been well characterized recently. To know the influence of mitochondrial genome on the nucleotide excision repair mechanism against CPDs, we comparatively examined the production of CPDs by UVC irradiation and their repair kinetics in human cells completely lacking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the parental HeLa S cells. Whole DNA extracted from the cells exposed to UVC was treated with T4-endonuclease V to break the phosphodiester bond adjacent to CPDs. The DNA was electrophoresed in a denaturing agarose gel, which was visualized by ethidium bromide staining. The relative amount of CPDs was determined by image analysis using NIH Image software. MtDNA- less (rho-O) cells were apparently more sensitive to UVC than HeLa S cells, while the level of induction of CPDs in rho-O and HeLa cells was comparable. The repair of CPDs was less efficient in rho-O cells compared with HeLa cells. The residual amount of CPDs after 24-h repair was larger in rho-O cells than in HeLa cells where more than 90 % of CPDs were repaired by then. The non-repaired CPDs would lead to apoptosis in rho-O cells. These results suggest that mitochondrial genome may contribute to some ATP-dependent steps in nucletide excision repair by supplying sufficient ATP which is generated through a respiratory chain in mitochondria.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2008

In view of obtaining potential anticancer compounds, we studied the inhibitory activity and the cytotoxic effects of a candidate compound in cancer cells. The cytotoxic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in vitro were evaluated in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, B16 melanoma cells, A549 lung cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, Lenca kidney cells and SNU-C4 colon cancer cells. The cells were cultured in various concentrations of CBD for 48 h and 25 ${\mu}$M of CBD for 6-36 h. The cells were observed to exhibit inhibitory effects of the cell viability in their growth, and then cytotoxicity was estimated. The inhibitory activity of CBD was increased in all cancer cells and showed especially strong increment in breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of CBD increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner with growth inhibition in all cancer cell lines. Also, to assess the membrane toxicity induced by CBD, we investigated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. After treatment with various concentrations of CBD, LDH release rate of cancer cells was accelerated. On the other hand, in the induction of cell death, caspase-3, -8 and -9 activations were detected in cancer cells after treatment with various concentrations of CBD, and CBD effectively induced activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in A549 lung cancer cells, MDAMB-231 breast cancer cells and Renca kidney cells. Therefore these results suggest that CBD has a possibility of anticancer agents and anticancer effects against cancer cells by modulation of apoptotic pathway in the range of 5-80 ${\mu}$M concentration.