• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2023

In various fields such as art, design, music, film, sports, games, and fashion, NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) are creating new economic value through trading platforms dedicated to NFT art and content. In this article, I analyze the current state of blockchain technology and NFT art content in the context of an expanding market for blockchain-based NFT art content in the metaverse. I also propose several tasks based on the economic and industrial logic of technological innovation. The first task proposed is to integrate cultural arts on blockchain, metaverse, and NFT platforms through digital innovation, instead of separating or distinguishing between creative production and consumption. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a clear separation between creators and consumers. However, with the rise of Web 3.0 platforms, any user can now create and own their own content. Therefore, it is important to promote a collaborative and integrated approach to cultural arts production and consumption in the blockchain and metaverse ecosystem. The second task proposed is to align the legal framework with blockchain-based technological innovation. The enactment and revision of relevant laws should focus on promoting the development of the NFT trading platform ecosystem, rather than merely regulating it for user protection. As blockchain-based technology continues to evolve, it is important that legal systems adapt to support and promote innovation in the space. This shift in focus can help create a more conducive environment for the growth of blockchain-based NFT platforms. The third task proposed is to integrate education on digital arts, including metaverse and NFT art contents, into the current curriculum. This education should focus on convergence and consilience, rather than merely mixing together humanities, technology, and arts. By integrating digital arts education into the curriculum, students can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the potential of blockchain-based technologies and NFT art. This article examines the digital technological innovation such as blockchain, metaverse, and NFT from an economic and industrial point of view. As a limitation of this research, the critical mind such as philosophical thinking or social criticism on technological innovation is left as a future task.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2022

코로나19로 인한 팬더믹 시대의 도래는 개인과 조직, 사회와 국가의 모든 영역에서 새로운 변화를 야기하고 있다. 미술시장에도 개인의 지역, 국가 간의 이동 제한 및 사회적 거리 두기의 영향으로 위기를 맞이하게 되었으며, 작품의 내용, 작품의 거래 방식, 구매자의 성향 및 특성까지도 변화를 일으키고 있다. 이러한 미술시장의 변화 요구는 디지털 전환과 온라인 미술시장의 확대, 가상현실과 증강현실 기술을 이용한 가상공간으로의 확대, 블록체인 기술을 바탕으로 한 대체불가토큰(NFT)을 통한 디지털작품의 거래 영역 확대로 새로운 변화의 기회를 가속화시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 팬더믹 시대가 가져온 미술시장의 변화 흐름을 디지털 전환의 관점에서 분석한다. 미술시장의 디지털전환의 다양한 유형에 대한 정리와 디지털 전환 및 NFT 도입에 따란 인식조사를 통해 미술시장에 대한 디지털 수용도에 대해 파악한다. 미술시장에서 블록체인 기술을 기반으로 한 NFT의 도입에 따른 주요 법적, 경제적, 사회적, 거래적 이슈와 대응책을 논의한다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

Image has more power in the 21st century than ever before. With the advance in technology and media, image is either made or received more easily and promptly using digital technology. Because of that, it has been hard for digital images to gain value as a work of art. But after NFT technology was developed and then applied to digital images, we have come to distinguish the original from the copy of it. People are trying various ways to allow digital images to be acknowledged as art, and changing the nature of digital images that makes new paradigms in the history of art. Through NFT artworks rising as a new style, this paper analyzed and investigated the new properties and changing characteristics of digital images in order to anticipate the characteristics of artworks that the public produces, enjoys, and consumes. This study is grounded on experimental analysis methods, and this author expects that it can contribute to figuring out which kinds of visual culture and artworks digital image is influencing currently from various perspectives.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022년도 제66차 하계학술대회논문집 30권2호
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• pp.547-548
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 디지털 노마드들이 활동하는 인터넷 환경에서 좀 더 진화된 형태의 메타버스 플랫폼 환경에서는 물론 컴퓨터를 활용한 디지털 환경에서 적응하며 블록체인이나 NFT와 같은 가상화폐, 가상자산과 함께 융합 발전하고 있다. MZ세대 중에서 컴퓨터를 활용하는 그래픽 아티스트들의 디지털 아트활동과 좀 더 발전된 형태의 NFT아트로의 융합 발전에 대해 알아보고 디지털 노마드를 넘어 디지털 네이티브로 진화한 이러한 디지털 창작활동을 하는 아트직군의 크리에이터들이 향후 어떻게 발전하게 될지 후속 연구 방향성을 제시한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2023

로열티는 대체 불가능 토큰(non-fungible tokens, NFT)이 거래가 일어날 때마다 판매 금액의 일부를 창작자에게 지급하는 보상 시스템으로써 NFT 생태계 발전에 기여하였다. 본 연구는 일부 NFT 마켓플레이스가 시작하여 확대되고 있는 로열티 폐지가 NFT 시장에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하고, 그 영향의 결과를 정성적으로 분석한다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창작자의 NFT 시장 이탈을 야기하고, 신규 진입을 줄임으로써 NFT 발행량이 감소하고 있다. 둘째, 주요 NFT 프로젝트들이 로열티를 폐지한 마켓플레이스와의 거래를 거부함으로써 거래 횟수 감소로 이어지고 있다. 셋째, 로열티 폐지로 인해 NFT 창작자들이 프로젝트를 지속 발전시키고자 하는 동기가 저하되었고, 이는 NFT 최저 가격 하락으로 이어지고 있다. 본 연구는 NFT 마켓플레이스의 정책과는 독립적으로 로열티를 자진해서 지급하는 소유자들에게 NFT 커뮤니티가 우대책을 제공하는 방법을 제안하여 현재의 부정적인 영향을 단기적으로 줄이는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 장기적으로는 로열티 지급 문제에 대한 근본적인 해결을 위해 로열티 지급과 관련된 기술의 개선, NFT 마켓플레이스와 NFT 창작자들의 협력과 로열티 관련 제도적 지원이 필요함을 제시한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2022

예술 후원은 예술 활동이 재무적으로 안정적일 수 있도록 지원함으로써 문화 예술의 발전에 기여하였다. 투기거래 등 대체 불가능 토큰(non-fungible tokens, NFT) 시장의 다양한 문제점들도 건전한 예술 후원을 통해 개선 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 NFT와 스마트 계약을 활용하여 예술 후원을 구현하는 방법들을 제안한다. 첫째, NFT 메타데이터를 활용하여 예술 후원에 대한 사사를 게시하는 방법을 제안한다. 둘째, time-locked wallets을 활용하여 프로젝트 일정에 따라 후원 자금을 전송하는 방법을 제안한다. 셋째, Event-Driven Execution을 활용하여 프로젝트의 주요 이벤트가 발생하거나 요건이 충족되었을 때, 후원 자금을 전송하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법들은 예술 후원에 대한 사실을 공유하고, 안전하게 후원 자금을 전달하는 데 사용될 수 있다. 하지만, 예술 프로젝트에 대한 많은 결정은 블록체인 밖에서 발생하는 정보를 기반해 이루어져야 하므로 오라클의 문제가 발생할 수 있고, 이에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2021

In the digital world, the transactions of assets with intrinsic value can be applied to games, literature, art, and music by issuing NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) based on Blockchain; various NFT exchanges are emerging accordingly just like real world asset exchanges. However, there could be an issue of copyright infringement in those NFT transactions. Therefore, this paper has classified the types of copyright infringement that may occur in NFT exchanges and proposes the copyright infringement countermeasures according to them. For this purpose, 10 types of NFT exchange are examined. Eventually, it can be expected that the proposed countermeasures will contribute to the revitalization of the NFT market by providing solutions for those issues.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.105-122
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• 2022

NFTs, which guarantee ownership of digital files using blockchain technology, are the new field for the content industry. The NFT provided new opportunities for content creators to trade digital contents without going through mediation freely. Additionally, collectors and investors can safely and easily own their works without the threat of illegal copies. However, since only a limited number of content creators are participating in the NFT market, there needs to be an influx of various content creators and a process of popularization for this market to grow and develop into the main stage. Furthermore, research on NFT has been limited, and understanding the drivers of creators choosing to participate in NFT is insufficient. Thus, this study aims to identify the factors affecting content creators participating in NFT by applying a mixed-methods approach and presenting practical implications. Using topic modeling and in-depth interviews, this study derives the positive and negative factors and suggests strategies to activate content creators' participation in the NFT market. Through this, we can guide that management implication to reduce the risks and costs of participating in NFTs is needed to encourage the participation of creators. It will also provide insight into ways to develop the NFT content market.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.929-942
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• 2023

Web 3.0 enables people and machines to connect, evolve, share, and use knowledge on an unprecedented scale and in new ways, drastically improving our Internet experience. The metaverse is a collective, virtual shared space supporting all digital activities. Prompted by the rapid growth of digital art and digital fashion, this theoretical analysis explores using Jean Baudrillard's simulation concept to create unique digital art non-fungible tokens (NFTs), allowing them to express and communicate ideas like real-world art. Specifically, this study analyzes 120 digital fashion portraits of humans and animals and classifies them under three types of simulacra covering four stages of Baudrillard's simulation process. The result shows that NFT fashion artworks reflect the core features of a digital reality by connecting and transcending the boundaries of cultures, genders, and nationalities. However, in the final simulation stage (the fourth step), the simulacrum can only coexist in the virtual world as a hyperreal object (the Type III of simulacrum): an object more real than reality.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.334-343
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• 2023

A research model was developed in this study from previous research to illustrate the relationship among perceived scarcity, assumed expensiveness of art products, perceived functional value, perceived symbolic value as well as purchase for self and others. 639 valid cases who have experienced NFT art products have been collected for data analyses. The R software has been chosen for analysis. The results have revealed that perceived scarcity was positively related to perceived functional value and perceived symbolic value, but it was assumed that the expensiveness of art products was not significantly related to perceived functional value or perceived symbolic value. Moreover, functional value was significantly related to the purchase intention of both self and others, while symbolic value only was significantly affected by the purchase intention of others. The results of this study have provided managerial implications for future studies.