• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2011

We compared the effects of genistein and daidzein on the expression of chemokines, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$-stimulated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). TNF-${\alpha}$ exposure significantly increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-l, vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Genistein significantly decreased MCP-l and VCAM-l production in a dose-dependent manner, whereas CAM expression was not significantly lowered by genistein treatment. However, daidzein slightly decreased MCP-l production. The effects of genistein and daidzein on MCP-l secretion coincided with mRNA expression. Pre-treatment with either genistein or daidzein elevated eNOS expression and nitric oxide production disturbed by TNF-${\alpha}$ exposure. A low concentration of isoflavones significantly inhibited nuclear factor (NF)${\kappa}$B activation, whereas a high dose slightly ameliorated these inhibitive effects. These results suggest that genistein had a stronger effect on MCP-l and eNOS expression than that of daidzein. Additionally, NF${\kappa}$B transactivation might be partially related to the down-regulation of these mRNAs in TNF-${\alpha}$-stimulated HUVECs.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2013

비료의 종류 및 농도가 청축면 및 적축면 상추의 생장과 근권부 화학성 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 산성(AF), 중성(NF) 및 알칼리성(BF)의 세 종류 비료 처리용액을 만들고, 각각 질소 기준 100 또는 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 농도를 조절하여 시비하면서 근권부 화학성 변화와 식물생장에 미치는 영향을 밝혔다. 청축면 상추의 정식 10주 후 생장에서 AF를 시비한 처리보다 BF를 시비한 처리의 생체중과 건물중이 무거웠고, BF를 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 시비한 처리의 생장이 가장 우수하였다. 적축면 상추도 BF 시비구의 생장이 가장 우수하였고, NF 및 AF 순으로 저조해지는 경향이었으며 각각의 비료를 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 시비한 처리들보다 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 시비한 처리들의 생장이 우수하였다. 토양 pH는 정식 6주 후부터 처리간 뚜렷한 차이를 보이기 시작하였다. 정식 10주 후 농도를 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 조절한 처리가 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리보다 AF 시비구는 pH가 더욱 낮았고 BF 시비구는 더욱 높게 측정되었다. 두 종류의 상추를 재배하면서 세종류 비료의 농도를 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 조절한 처리들의 EC가 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$보다 약 $0.2{\sim}0.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 더 높았다. 산성비료를 시비한 처리들은 토양용액의 $NH_4-N$ 농도가 높았고, 알칼리 비료를 시비한 처리들은 Ca과 Mg 농도가 높았다. AF 시비구에 비해 BF 시비구의 토양 $NO_3-N$ 농도가 높았으며, $PO_4^{-3}$ 농도는 AF, NF 및 BF 시비구 순으로 농도가 낮아지는 경향이었다. 토양용액의 무기이온 농도에서 차이가 발생하는 것은 비료의 조성과 근권부 pH 변화에 기인한 결과라고 판단하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2019

Inula helenium L. is rich source of eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones, mainly alantolactone and isoalantolactone, which have the various pharmacological functions. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (NO) production of hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions from I. helenium and investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of hexane fraction of I. helenium (HFIH) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Quantification of alantolactone and isoalantolactone from HFIH was carried out for the standardization by multiple reaction monitoring using triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. HFIH significantly inhibited inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein as well as their downstream products NO and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, HFIH suppressed $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcriptional activity by decreasing the translocation of p65 to the nucleus. The in vivo study further confirmed that HFIH attenuated the paw edema induced by carrageenan in an acute inflammation model. These findings suggest that HFIH may be useful as a promising phytomedicine for inflammatory-associated diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2325-2331
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• 2013

Objective: To detect effects of plumbagin on proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549, H292 and H460 were treated with various concentrations of plumbagin. Cell proliferation rates was determined using both cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clonogenic assays. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V/propidium iodide double-labeled flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. Activity of NF-${\kappa}B$ was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter assay. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of both NF-${\kappa}B$ regulated apoptotic-related gene and activation of p65 and $I{\kappa}B{\kappa}$. Results: Plumbagin dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of the lung cancer cells. The IC50 values of plumbagin in A549, H292, and H460 cells were 10.3 ${\mu}mol/L$, 7.3 ${\mu}mol/L$, and 6.1 ${\mu}mol/L$ for 12 hours, respectively. The compound concentration-dependently induced apoptosis of the three cell lines. Treatment with plumbagin increased the intracellular level of ROS, and inhibited the activation of NK-${\kappa}B$. In addition to inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$/p65 nuclear translocation, the compound also suppressed the degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\kappa}$. ROS scavenger NAC highly reversed the effect of plumbagin on apoptosis and inactivation of NK-${\kappa}B$ in H460 cell line. Treatment with plumbagin also increased the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, upregulated the expression of Bax, Bak, and CytC. Conclusions: Plumbagin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells through an NF-${\kappa}B$-regulated mitochondrial-mediated pathway, involving activation of ROS.

• 멤브레인
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2009

지하수 중의 바나듐 및 실리카의 농축에 적합한 막을 선정하기 위하여 2종류의 나노여과 막모듈(NE2540-90, NF90-2540)과 3종류의 역삼투 막모듈(BW30-2540, RE2540-TE 및 XLE-2540)에 대한 투과선속과 배제율을 측정하였다. 투과선속과 배제율에 대한 실험 결과 본 연구에 사용된 나노여과 막모듈과 역삼투 막모듈 중에서 NE2540-90 막모듈이 바나듐과 실리카의 농축에 가장 적합하였다. NE2540-90 막모듈을 사용하여 막간차압을 $8\;kgf/cm^2$로 하였을 때, 바나듐 및 실리카의 배제율은 각각 98.2% 및 99.0%이였고, 알루미늄, 크롬, 철, 붕소, 스트론튬 및 바륨에 대한 배제율은 각각 92.0%, 83.6%, 96.0%, 45.1%, 98.6% 및 69.5%이였다. 서귀포지역 지하수를 각각 회수율 15%로 6단 처리하였을 때, 바나듐과 실리카 함량은 각각 $148.9\;{\mu}g/L$ 및 85.8 mg/L로 농축되었다. 나노여과 공정에 의한 농축수는 고농도의 바나듐과 실리카를 함유하고 있어 기능성음료로의 상품개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.954-960
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• 2004

Expression of the NF-$textsc{k}$B-dependent genes responsible for inflammation, such as TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), contributes to chronic inflammation which is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Alzheimer＇s disease). Although NF-$textsc{k}$B plays a biphasic role in different cells like neurons and microglia, controlling the activation of NF-$textsc{k}$B is important for its negative feedback in either activation or inactivation. In this study, we found that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) inhibited I$textsc{k}$B$\alpha$ degradation to block expression of the NF-$textsc{k}$B-dependent genes in microglia when activated by $\beta$-amyloid peptide (A$\beta$). We also showed that when microglia is activated by $A\beta$42, the expression of A20 is suppressed. These findings place A20 in the category of ' protective ' genes, protecting cells from pro-inflammatory reper-toires induced in response to inflammatory stimuli in activated microglia via NF-$textsc{k}$B activation. In light of the gene and proteins for NF-$textsc{k}$B-dependent gene and inactivator for NF-$textsc{k}$B (I$textsc{k}$B$\alpha$), the observations now reported suggest that UDCA plays a role in supporting the attenuation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO via inactivation of NF-$textsc{k}$B. Moreover, an NF-$textsc{k}$B inhibitor such as A20 can collaborate and at least enhance the anti-inflammatory effect in microglia, thus giving a potent benefit for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.uch as AD.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.137-144
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• 2005

원전 1차 계통내에 실리카는 알카리 토금속(Ca, Mg, Al 등)과 결합하여 원전 연료 피복재에 열전달을 방해하는 규석층(Zeolite)를 형성한다. 이렇게 형성된 규석층은 원전 피복재 손상의 원인이 된다. 이러한 원전 1차 계통내 실리카의 문제점들은 EPRI 보고서 등에 그 문제점이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔으며 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 막분리 공정을 이용하고자 하였다. 먼저 실험실 규모의 실험을 통해 NF막의 실리카 제거율이 약 $60\;{\sim}\;70\%$, Boron 제거율이 약 $10\;{\sim}\;20\%$로 그 적용 가능성을 확인하였으며, FilmTec과 Osmonics 사 NF막 제품 4종에 대하여 현장 실험을 수행하였다. 현장 사용후연료 저장 붕산수 400L를 시료로 한 실험에서 운전압력 $10kg_{f}/cm^2$에서 FilmTec 사의 NF90-2540이 실리카 제거율이 약 $98\%$, Boron 제거율이 약 $43\%$로 확인되었으며 또한 NF270-2540이 실리카 제거율이 약 $38\%$, Boron 제거율이 약 $3.5\%$로 확인되었다. 이를 바탕으로 장기운전 특성 실험 등의 추가적인 연구를 통해 최적의 실리카 제거를 위한 막 분리공정을 설계 할 예정이다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2018

In this manuscript, $35m^3/d$ NF unit was designed and applied for surface water treatment of the River Nile water. Intake of Embaba drinking water treatment plant was selected to install that unit at since; it has the lowest water quality index value through the examined 6 sites in greater Cairo area. The optimized operating conditions were feed and permeate flow, 40 and $7m^3/d$, feed pressure 2.68 bar and flux rate $37.7l/m^2h$. The permeate water was drinkable according to Egyptian Ministerial decree 458/2007 for the tested parameters (physic-chemical, heavy metals, organic, algal, bacteriological and parasitological). Single and double sand filters were used as pretreatment for NF membranes but continuous clogging for sand filters moved us to use UF membrane as pretreatment for NF membrane.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2014

Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach (Po)와 Potentilla fragarioides var. major Maxim (Pf)의 추출물로 reactive oxygen species (ROS)와 같은 free radical의 억제를 통한 항염증 활성을 살펴보았다. 또한, Po와 Pf로 LPS를 처리한 murine macrophage RAW 264.7 세포에서 발생한 nitric oxide의 저해와 NF-${\kappa}B$의 핵으로 translocation의 저해를 살펴보았다. 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) $50{\mu}M$에 의해 유도된 ROS의 Po에 의한 50% 저해값 ($IC_{50}$)은 $23.35{\pm}1.27mg/mL$, Pf에 의한 $IC_{50}$은 $8.46{\pm}1.22mg/mL$이었다. 또한, SIN-1 $50{\mu}M$에 의해 유도된 peroxynitrite의 Po에 의한 $IC_{50}$은 $2.19{\pm}0.04mg/mL$, Pf에 의한 $IC_{50}$은 $0.80{\pm}0.02mg/mL$이었다. LPS 1 mg/mL을 처리한 RAW 264.7 세포에서 Nitric oxide는 증가하였으나 Po와 Pf 추출물을 처리한 그룹에서 농도의존적, 유의적으로 감소하였다. Po 추출물을 처리한 그룹의 Nitric oxide 생성량은 $13.34{\pm}0.67{\mu}M$, Pf 추출물을 처리한 그룹의 Nitric oxide 생성량은 $11.45{\pm}0.57{\mu}M$이었다. 또한, Po와 Pf 추출물은 LPS를 처리한 RAW 264.7 세포에서 NF-${\kappa}B$의 핵으로의 translocation을 저해하였다. 그러므로, Po와 Pf는 항염증 소재로서의 가능성이 충분하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2020

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) can stimulate Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling pathways. In this study, DF-1 cells were treated with poly(I:C) at various concentrations and time points to examine the comparative expression patterns of innate immune response genes. The viability of DF-1 cells decreased from 77.41% to 38.68% when cells were treated different dose of poly(I:C) from 0.1 ㎍/mL to 100 ㎍/mL for 24 h respectively. The expressions of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR15, TLR21, IL1B, and IL10 were increased in dose- and time-dependent manners by poly(I:C) treatment. On the contrary, the expression patterns of interferon regulatory factors 7 (IRF7), Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (JUN), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 (NF-κB1), and IL8L2 were varied; IRF7 and IL8L2 were increasingly expressed whereas the expressions of JUN and NF-κB1 were decreased in a dose-dependent manner after they were early induced. In time-dependent analysis, IRF7 expression was significantly upregulated from 3 h to 24 h, whereas JUN and NF-κB1 expressions settled down from 6 h to 24 h after poly(I:C) treatment although they were induced at early time from 1 h to 3 h. Poly(I:C) treatment rapidly increased the expression of IL8L2 from 3 h to 6 h with a plateau at 6 h and then the expression of IL8L2 was dramatically decreased until 24 h after poly(I:C) treatment although the expression level was still higher than the non-treated control. These results may provide the basis for understanding host response to viral infection and its mimicry system in chickens.