• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2005

In this study, a distributed simulation of Petri net models under HLA/RTI framework is considered. Throughout our modeling experiences, it is recognized that the proper use of interface specification and time management services are important in order to achieve successful implementation of RTI. The interfacing tokens between Petri net models are distinguished as information entity and physical entity. Both entities are modeled as InteractionClass in order to send and receive messages. For the synchronization of local simulation clocks, a conservative method with NERA service is considered. A cell manufacturing system is modeled and implemented with RTI to illustrate the distributed simulation of Petri net models.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.157-162
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• 2002

A distributed simulation with HLA/RTI provides stable and satisfactory results. In this study, a distributed simulation of Petri net models under the HLA/RTI framework is considered. Throughout our experiences, it is recognized that the proper use of interface specification and time management services are important in order to achieve successful implementation of RTI. The interfacing tokens that are delivered to other models are distinguished as information entity and physical entity. Both entities are modeled as Interaction Class in order to send and receive messages. In synchronizing local simulation clocks, a conservative method with NERA service is considered. A eel manufacturing system is modeled and implemented with RTI to illustrate the distributed simulation of Petri net models.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.169-193
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• 2015

This paper is the second part of the study for determining the seismic behavior of soil systems. The aim of this part is to present solution approaches for determining seismic site amplification. For this purpose, two solution techniques are used. The first technique is equivalent linear analysis which is mostly used in literature. The other technique is real time parameter updating approach and this approach uses the possibilities of Simulink effectively. A graphical user interfaced (GUI) program called DTASSA standing for Discrete-Time Analysis of Seismic Site Amplification is developed. In DTASSA, automatic block diagram producing system is developed and seismic site amplification for multiple soil layers may easily be investigated in real time. Numerical applications have been carried out to check the reliability of developed algorithm. The results of DTASSA are compared with SUA, EERA and NERA programs for the particular example problems.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1013-1032
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• 2016

Several historical earthquakes demonstrated that local amplification and soil nonlinearity are responsible for the uneven damage pattern of the structures and lifelines. On April $25^{th}$ 2015 the Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake stroke Nepal and neighboring countries, and caused extensive damages throughout Kathmandu valley. In this paper, comparative studies between equivalent-linear and nonlinear seismic site response analyses in five affected strategic locations are performed in order to relate the soil behavior with the observed structural damage. The acceleration response spectra and soil amplification are compared in both approaches and found that the nonlinear analysis better represented the observed damage scenario. Higher values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and higher spectral acceleration have characterized the intense damage in three study sites and the lower values have also shown agreement with less to insignificant damages in the other two sites. In equivalent linear analysis PGA varies between 0.29 to 0.47 g, meanwhile in case of nonlinear analysis it ranges from 0.17 to 0.46 g. It is verified from both analyses that the PGA map provided by the USGS for the southern part of Kathmandu valley is not properly representative, in contrary of the northern part. Similarly, the peak spectral amplification in case of equivalent linear analysis is estimated to be varying between 2.3 to 3.8, however in case of nonlinear analysis, the variation is observed in between 8.9 to 18.2. Both the equivalent linear and nonlinear analysis have depicted the soil fundamental period as 0.4 and 0.5 sec for the studied locations and subsequent analysis for seismic demands are correlated.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.232-265
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• 1998

Taiwan has experienced rapid economic growth during the past two decades. As a result, the demand for health care in Taiwan has increased rapidly. To meet the rising demand, Taiwan implemented a National Health Insurance (NHI) program on March 1, 1995. This program now covers more than 96 percent of Taiwan's citizens. Implementation of the NHI in 1995 represents fulfillment of a primary social and health policy goals of Taiwan. The goals of the NHI program is to eliminate financial barriers of health care for the citizens, to improve the quality of care. To achieve these goals, the NHI was designed on the following principles: 1. All Taiwan citizens are compul내교 joined the NHI program by law; 2. The NHI program provides comprehensive services; 3. The NHI is run by one single govt' subsidy; 5. The NHI adopt fee-for-services scheme to pay medical expenses and copayment to avoid abouse of medical services. However, the scheme did not bring in the efficient use of health care C. National Health Council, 1986 NARC, Aging in Japan, International Publication Series 1991;2 Kahana EF. Kiyak HA. Attitude and behavior of staff in facilities for the aged, 1984 Naoki I, John CC. Health polic report japan's medical care system, New England Joumal of Medicine 1995; 333(19) National Economic Research Associates, The Health CAre System in Japan, NERA, 1993. National Federation of health Insurance Societies (KEMPOREM), Health Insurance and Health Insurance Societies in Japan, 1995. Owe Ahlund, Aging and housing in sweden, Paper presented at the International Symposium, Long term Care Facility, 1993. Statisitics Jahrbuch, Statistisches Bundesamt, 1992. Stein S. Linn, MIW. and Stein EM. Patient's anticipation of stress in nursing home care, 1985. U. S. Senate Special Committee on Aging, A Report of the special Committee on Aging, Washing D. C, 1992. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1994.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.216-230
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• 2023

연구목적: 아차사고의 분석을 통하여 재해를 예측하여 사고를 예방하는 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 본 연구에 서는 건설 현장의 아차사고 문헌조사 및 데이터를 수집하고, 설문조사를 실시하여 아차사고 연결 가능성 분류를 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석 및 의사결정나무 분석을 이용하였다. 연구결과: 아차사고 types이 정신적, 신체적, 안전습관 행동에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 신체에 영향력이 높은 요인은 아차사고 관리의 필요성, 직종은 전기·정보통신, 건강 상태 순으로, 정신적 요인에서 공사 규모가 영향력이 높았으며, 경험 공종, 중상자 수, 직종 순으로 습관 행동 요인에 영향력이 높은 요인은 착각, 부적절한 작업지시, 신체 부위 순으로 분석되었다. 의사결정나무 분석을 통해 아차사고가 놀랄 정도의 사고로 연결가능성에 영향을 미치는 요인과 패턴을 확인하였다. 결론: 건설현장관계자는 아차사고 관찰을 고려하여 정신적. 신체적 측면의 아차사고와의 연관성에 대한 구체적 관리가 실행되어야 하며, 부적절한 작업지시가 아차사고로 연결되지 않도록 인원 배치, 작업계획, 작업절차 및 방법, 피드백을 통해 중대재해가 저감하는 작업환경을 기대한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1980

이 연구(硏究)는 Trichoderma viride Cellulase에 의(依)한 수재가수분해(水材加水分解)에 관(関)한 것으로서 공시재료(供試材料)는 산오리나무, 상수리나무, 자작나무, 이태리포푸라, 버즘나무재(材)를 사용(使用)하였다. 그리고 환원당(還元糖) 생성(生成)을 위한 Cellulose 반응(反応)의 최적(最適) 처리조건(處理條件)과 효소처리(酵素處理) 잔사(残渣)를 재가열(再加熱)과 재분취(再粉醉)한 기질(基質)의 당생성량(糖生成量)을 비교(比較)하였다. Trichoderma viride 조효소액(粗酵素液)은 진탕배양법(振盪培養法)에 의(依)하여 생산(生産)하였고 이것을 염석효소법(塩析酵素液)을 제조(調製)하여 사용(使用)하였다. 기질(基質)은 산오리나무, 상수리나무, 자작나무, 이태리포푸라, 버즘나무재(材)의 톱밥을 과초산법(過醋酸法)에 의(依)하여 탈(脱)리그닌 한 것과 다시 이들의 효소처리잔사(酵素處理残渣)를 재가열(再加熱)함과 재분쇄(再粉碎)한 것을 사용(使用)하였다. 환원당(還元糖) 정량(定量)은 DNS 법(法)에 의(依)하였다. 1. Trichoderma viride Cellulase를 사용하여 최적조건(最適條件)에서 당화처리(糖化處理)하면 반응시간(反応時間) 96시간(時間)에서 평균(平均) 28.3%의 환원당(還元糖) 생성(生成)하였다. 2. 효소처리잔사(酵素處理残渣)를 수세(水洗)한 후(後) $60^{\circ}C$에서 건조(乾燥)하여 $190^{\circ}C$에서 45분간(分間) 재열처리(再熱處理)하여 60mesh로 재분쇄(再粉碎)한 기질(基質)은 동일기질(同一基質)에서 효소농도(酵素濃度)가 높아질수록 환원당(還元糖) 생성량(生成量)도 증가(増加)하였다. 3. 효소처리잔사(酵素處理残渣)를$60^{\circ}C$에서 건조(乾燥)하여 기질(基質)로 사용(使用)한 것의 환원당(還元糖) 생성량(生成量)은 대단(大端)히 저조(低調)하였으나(Fig1의 $S_1$ 곡선(曲線)) 최초(最初) 기질(基質)과 효소처리잔사(酵素處理残渣)를 재가열(再加熱)과 재분쇄(再粉碎)하여 사용(使用)한 기질(基質)에서 생성(生成)된 환원당량(還元糖量)은 비슷하였으며 또한 이들간(間)(최초(最初)의 기질(基質)($S_3$)과 효소처리잔사(酵素處理残渣)를 재처리(再處理)한 기질(基質)($S_2$)에는 환원당생성량(還元糖生成量)에 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다.