• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2347-2354
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• 2012

On Android environment, program development is conducted with JAVA SDK. However, using JAVA, it is operated over virtual machine which shows lower performance in terms of speed than traditional C language programming. The method writes program in C language, which conducts operation efficiently. In the paper, we implement multiplication using NDK and SDK to analyze the public key cryptography over Android environment. In case of SDK, we used BigInteger package and in case of NDK, we used Comb method. Moreover, execution time of arithmetic, branch and call operations over Android environment is compared to understand performance enhancement using NDK package.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.681-684
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• 2013

This paper compares the Java program environments and NDK program environments in the Android system. This paper experiments that how much is the performance enhancement in the NDK C programming of the Android system. I program sum of 1 to n for Java program and NDK C program. I experiment whether the influence an effect on a performance by changing n value. In experiment, NDK C program is over 50% performance enhancement than Java program.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.93-99
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• 2018

This paper presents an implementation method using NDK (Network Developer's Kit) of GNU (GNU is Not Unix) Radio and Multicore DSP (Digital Signal Processor) to implement LTE (Long Term Evolution) SDR (Software Defined Radio) Platform. In order to satisfy 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz and 10MHz of the bandwidth supported by LTE, USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) X series which is an RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver of Ettus Research was used. To control this, GNU Radio which is an open source software radio toolkit was used. We also used NDK from TI (Texas Instruments) DSP to transfer data between USRP and DSP. Experimental results show throughput results according to each bandwidth, thus confirming the feasibility of implementing LTE SDR Platform using GNU Radio and NDK of TI DSP.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2003

The NDK1 is an ubiquitous enzyme that transfer phosphate groups from triphosphate nucleoside diphosphates(NDPs) in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. We isolated and characterized a cDNA encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1(CNDK 1) in Codonopsis lanceolata. The CNDK 1 is 444bp long and open reading frame of 447bp with a deduced amino acid of 148 residue. The CNDK 1 has an ATP binding site in 12­16 residue and phosphohistidine intermediate in 115 residue of amino acid sequence. Although several NDK 1 genes have been cloned in plants, but little is known about the functional significance of this enzyme during plant growth and development. The CNDK 1 shows the identities to Arabidopsis thaliana (71％), Oryza sativa(75％), Glycine max (79％), Brassica rapa (77％), Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (85 ％), Spinacia oleracea (83％), Pisum sativum (82％). The CNDK 1 of C. laceolata have a closer relationship of Glycine max and Pisum sativum at the phylogenic analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37C no.10
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• pp.940-948
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• 2012

Android program is developed with JAVA SDK and executed over virtual machine. For this reason, programming is easier than traditional C language but performance of operating speed decreases. To enhance the performance, NDK development tool, which provides C language, assembly language environment, was proposed. Furthermore, with NEON function provided by ARM, we can utilize the vector operation and enhance performance. In the paper, we explore effectiveness of NDK and then propose advanced multiplication structure with NEON function.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.381-390
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• 2013

Almost all the mobile phone users already moved or are now moving away to smartphones for their various applications like games. If we are to speak about game applications, due to the performance limits of smartphones, 2D games are predominant over 3D games in every app. store. In this paper, we implement a 3D cube game application by porting an existing visual c++ irrlicht cube application to android platform library using the android Native Development Kit. After the porting is done, we add a few new features for more fun. Because the android NDK makes the existing C/C++ codes run directly on the android operating systems, we found by real execution tests that our 3D cube app. is well executed on a low-end android smartphone without any performance problem.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.281-284
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• 2014

Immune defense responses against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Previously, we reported that expression of the bradykinin receptor (BR) is induced in response to P. aeruginosa infection. However, the factors responsible for the induction was uncertain. Here, we found that the type III secretion system (T3SS) is responsible for the induction of BR expression, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk), as a novel T3SS effector, mediates the upregulation. The Ndk-mediated expression of BR was not induced by fliC mutant treatment, indicating the involvement of flagellin, one of the well-known pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Taken together, this study demonstrated that Ndk cooperates with flagella in the development of defense responses against P. aeruginosa infection.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

Sepiapterin, a precursor for tetrahydrobiopterin, is produced in higher mammals using guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a biosynthetic intermediate. Four genes involved in GTP biosynthesis, namely those of guanosine monophosphate kinase (gmk), nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndk), guanosine phosphate synthetase (guaA), and inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (guaB), were expressed in sepiapterin-producing recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) to increase intracellular GTP concentration and to improve sepiapterin production concomitantly. Coexpression of gmk, ndk, guaA, and guaB, doubled the intracellular GTP concentration and increased the maximum sepiapterin concentration up to $126.1{\pm}19.3mg/l$ (an increase of 43% compared with control cells) in batch-cultivated recombinant E. coli.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.750-751
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• 2012

스마트폰의 급속한 확산과 함께 스마트폰 애플리케이션 시장이 빠르게 성장하고 있다. 이러한 성장세에 따라 많은 애플리케이션 개발자들이 생겨났으며, 다양한 콘텐츠와 수많은 애플리케이션이 개발되어지고 있다. 여기서 우리는 모바일 기기들의 제한적인 요소를 간과해서는 안 된다. 제한적인 모바일기기에서 유저가 만족할 만할 애플리케이션을 개발하기 위해서는 효율적인 자원 활용과 함께 효율적인 프로그래밍을 해야 할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 안드로이드 NDK 및 SDK를 기반으로 Native C와 Java를 이용해 애플리케이션을 설계하고, 각 애플리케이션간의 알고리즘 수행속도, 프로세서 점유율측면에서 성능측정 실험을 수행했다. 실험 결과를 통해 보다 우수한 성능의 안드로이드 애플리케이션 개발 방법에 관해 연구했다. 성능측정 항목으로는 JNI delay, Integer, Floating point, Memory access algorithm, String이며, 실험은 삼성 갤럭시 S1에서 수행하였다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2007

Quality characteristics of Kwamaegi (semi-dried saury) prepared by treatment of chitosan-ascorbate (CA) and vacuum drying at $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$(VDK), and the effect of the Kwamaegi on serum lipid profiles and anti-oxidation-related enzyme activity in rats fed high fat diets were investigated. The preparation periods were $4.5{\sim}8.3$ hr in VDK, while naturally dried Kwamaegi (NDK) took 360480 hr. Total microbe contents of VDK and NDK were $0.2{\sim}0.5$ and 8.2 log CFU/g, respectively. There was no significant difference in amino-nitrogen content. Compared with NDK, the acid and peroxide value, and fishy flavor of VDK40 (dried at $40^{\circ}C$) were significantly lower, and the texture, color and overall acceptability were higher. In animal experiments, weight gain, content of LDL-cholesterol and lipid peroxide, activities of total (T) and O type (O) xanthine oxidase, and the O/T ratio (%) were significantly lower in the VDK40 diet group than in the NDK diet group. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the VDK40 diet group was higher than in the NDK diet group. These results suggest that preparing CA-treated Kwamaegi with vacuum-drying at $40^{\circ}C$ can be applied throughout the year, and may shorten preparation time and improve its microbiological safety and nutritional values.